SpineLumbar VertebraeBone DensitySpinal DiseasesThoracic VertebraeSpinal FusionAbsorptiometry, PhotonCervical VertebraeSpinal InjuriesLumbosacral RegionIntervertebral DiscFemur NeckSpinal FracturesOsteoporosisZygapophyseal JointIntervertebral Disc DisplacementOsteoporosis, PostmenopausalSpinal StenosisSpondylolisthesisBone Diseases, MetabolicLow Back PainSpinal NeoplasmsLordosisIntervertebral Disc DegenerationLaminectomyHipDendritesSpinal OsteophytosisSpinal CanalBack PainRange of Motion, ArticularBone ScrewsWeight-BearingSacrumLigamentum FlavumSpondylolysisDecompression, SurgicalTotal Disc ReplacementOrthopedic ProceduresFractures, BoneBone Density Conservation AgentsRadiusOrthopedic Fixation DevicesBone and BonesKyphosisSpinal CurvaturesDiskectomyScoliosisOsteoarthritis, SpineMagnetic Resonance ImagingCadaverBiomechanical PhenomenaSpinal Cord CompressionRadiculopathySpondylosisFemurRadiographySpondylitisEpidural SpaceDura MaterInternal FixatorsAlendronateTomography, X-Ray ComputedSynapsesTuberculosis, SpinalBone RemodelingHippocampusTreatment OutcomeModels, AnatomicPostureIliumSpondylitis, AnkylosingSynovial CystMyelographyPelvisOsteocalcinProstheses and ImplantsFinite Element AnalysisPostmenopauseHip JointPelvic BonesSpinal Nerve RootsJoint InstabilityPolyradiculopathyNeuronal PlasticityEtidronic AcidDiscitisTeriparatideTractionCalcaneusManipulation, SpinalNeurosurgical ProceduresBone TransplantationLigamentsPostoperative ComplicationsDiphosphonatesPyramidal CellsElectronics, MedicalBone ResorptionFractures, Spontaneous