Spinal FusionLumbar VertebraeSpondylolisthesisBone Morphogenetic ProteinsInternal FixatorsBone TransplantationBone Morphogenetic Protein 2Intervertebral Disc DegenerationIntervertebral Disc DisplacementBone ScrewsBone Morphogenetic Protein 4Spinal DiseasesSurgical Procedures, Minimally InvasiveBone Morphogenetic Protein 7DiskectomyIntervertebral DiscBone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type IBone Morphogenetic Protein ReceptorsSpinal StenosisIliumBone Morphogenetic Protein 6Prostheses and ImplantsOrthopedic Fixation DevicesBone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type IITreatment OutcomeBack PainBone SubstitutesBone and BonesSpondylosisKetonesBone Morphogenetic Protein 5Smad1 ProteinPain MeasurementProsthesis ImplantationSmad ProteinsFinite Element AnalysisTitaniumPostoperative ComplicationsBone Morphogenetic Protein 3CadaverJoint InstabilityLow Back PainSpineSmad5 ProteinRetrospective StudiesLumbosacral RegionCervical VertebraeBlood Loss, SurgicalDecompression, SurgicalBone Morphogenetic Protein 15Weight-BearingBiomechanical PhenomenaBone Morphogenetic Protein 1Transforming Growth Factor betaRange of Motion, ArticularDisability EvaluationFollow-Up StudiesLongitudinal LigamentsBone RemodelingSmad6 ProteinSmad8 ProteinSignal TransductionOsteogenesisMembrane FusionRadiculopathyBone PlatesCell DifferentiationPseudarthrosisGrowth Differentiation Factor 2Stress, MechanicalCell FusionProspective StudiesOsteoblastsBone RegenerationPain, PostoperativeBone MatrixSacrumBone DensityLordosisReceptors, Growth FactorGrowth Differentiation FactorsMyelographyGrowth Differentiation Factor 5Bone DevelopmentGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalCalcium PhosphatesGrowth Differentiation Factor 9Recombinant Fusion ProteinsDiscitisBone ResorptionActivin Receptors, Type IDiskectomy, PercutaneousGrowth Differentiation Factor 6ActivinsCells, CulturedBiocompatible MaterialsSpinal CurvaturesIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsBone NeoplasmsSmad4 Protein