• We examined the activities of cloned promoter DNA fragments with luciferase assay. (molvis.org)
  • In this work, FMDV 3A homodimerization was evidenced by an in situ protein fluorescent ligation assay. (asm.org)
  • Replacements L38E and L41E, involving charge acquisition at residues predicted to contribute to the hydrophobic interface, reduced the dimerization signal in the protein ligation assay and prevented the detection of dimer/multimer species in both transiently expressed 3A proteins and in synthetic peptides reproducing the N terminus of 3A. (asm.org)
  • A luciferase assay using a plasmid containing the PXR response elements of CYP3A4 revealed that the increased CYP3A4 induction by siNEAT1_2 or siDAZAP1 was due to the increased transactivation by PXR. (aspetjournals.org)
  • A luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pulldown assays and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed to identify the interactions among circIGF2BP3, miR-328-3p, miR-3173-5p and plakophilin 3 (PKP3). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The effect of the promoter variant was further studied by luciferase gene reporter assay in MCF-7, HEK293, HeLa and LNCaP cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Luciferase reporter gene assay of the promoter construct bearing this variant did not suggest a variation of expression in the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, but indicated a reduction of luciferase expression in both the HEK293 and LNCaP cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Standard techniques like cell synchronization by serum starvation, flow cytometry, N-terminal or C-terminal FLAG epitope-tagged protein expression, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, dual luciferase assay for promoter evaluation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were employed during this study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we measured the concentration of three key synaptic proteins, Rab3A, SNAP25 and neurogranin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in cerebrospinal fluid from a total of 139 participants (87 controls and 52 Parkinson's disease patients out of which 30 were drug-naïve) and explored their associations with motor and cognitive symptoms. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were performed to verify the RNA-RNA interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay was performed to assess the bindings between protein and genomic DNA. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For comparison, this is four times more DNA than is devoted to protein coding genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • A complete HERV contains the gag, pro, pol and env genes, flanked either side by the long terminal repeats. (wikipedia.org)
  • DEAF-1 activates the expression of Mtk and Drs promoter-luciferase fusion genes in S2 cells. (sdbonline.org)
  • circRNAs are generated by back-splicing from their host genes and are highly stable due to the absence of 5′ caps and 3′ tails [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All exons of 406 deafness-related susceptible genes as well as their flanking regions were sequenced by high-throughput sequencing, and the mutation sites of the proband and her parents were validated by Sanger sequencing. (bvsalud.org)
  • 1000 Mb with up to 18,000 protein-coding genes [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LncRNAs are a class of ncRNAs that are more than 200 nucleotides in length, and although lncRNAs do not possess protein-coding capability, they play vital roles in modulating protein-coding genes at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level [ 10 , 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These miRNAs which targeted β -catenin mRNA were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter system and RNA-pulldown. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, other experiments including RNA pull down analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation as well as validating assays conducted in vivo were applied to identify the target and regulatory mechanisms of IGBP1-AS1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using in planta nucleotide-resolution mRNA structurome probing, we discovered that this stress-induced switch in translation is mediated by highly structured regions detected downstream of uAUGs in TE-up transcripts. (biorxiv.org)
  • The preinitiation complex then scans along the 5' leader sequence of the mRNA to initiate translation at a start codon 1 - 3 . (biorxiv.org)
  • Furthermore, PKP3 engages with the RNA-binding protein FXR1 to stabilize OTUB1 mRNA, and OTUB1 elevates PD-L1 abundance by facilitating its deubiquitination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • mRNA and protein expressions of Ngb and HIF-1α showed positive in different tissues of the yak and cattle telencephalon. (bvsalud.org)
  • Though the VNTR resides in the 3'UTR and therefore does not affect the protein's amino acid sequence, regulatory factors such as mRNA stability and nuclear transport, and protein synthesis are potentially regulated by such variations [ 11 - 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The reverse activity transcribes the ZAR2 mRNA with 966 nt coding sequence which codes for a 321 amino acid protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background Mutations in forkhead box protein P1 ( FOXP1 ) cause intellectual disability (ID) and specific language impairment (SLI), with or without autistic features (MIM: 613670). (bmj.com)
  • The functional data of mutations were obtained by in vitro transfection and luciferase experiments and computer modelling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • 5 , 6 In concordance with the role of nodal cilia in L-R asymmetry, mutations in the motor proteins Kif3A and Kif3B, and the transcription factor Foxj1 in the mouse have demonstrated that ciliary motility is important for L-R asymmetry. (bmj.com)
  • In contrast to the signal sequences of exported proteins, the bacterial SRP signal sequences are more hydrophobic and are mostly "uncleaved signal sequences" present in membrane proteins that remain in the final protein-chain as transmembrane anchor sequences. (nature.com)
  • The human dopamine transporter (hDAT), one member of a family of Na + /Cl - dependent transmembrane transport proteins, serves as a critical regulator of dopaminergic neurotransmission throughout much of the brain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutation vPyACR_2164382 was C-terminally truncated to include only the transmembrane region. (addgene.org)
  • We evaluated FOXP1 activity by an in vitro luciferase model and assessed protein stability in vitro by western blotting. (bmj.com)
  • The present study utilized radioligand binding and immunoblotting techniques to compare in vitro DAT density and ligand affinity across a series of cell lines stably transfected with constructs containing the DAT1 coding region flanked downstream by one of four DAT1 3'UTR variants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A series of four DAT1 constructs, each containing the DAT1 coding region, but varying with respect to the downstream presence or content of the 3'UTR, were engineered and stably transfected into an HEK-293 variant using Flp-In integration, an enzyme-mediated, site-specific recombination technology. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In response to immune induction, uORF-inhibition is alleviated by three Ded1p/DDX3X-homologous RNA helicases which unwind the RNA structures, allowing ribosomes to bypass the inhibitory uORFs and upregulate defence protein production. (biorxiv.org)
  • Cell 75:495, 1993), and a series of unique E6-AP homologous proteins have been identified (Huibregtse et al. (justia.com)
  • Inclusion of desired sequences between recombination "arms" that are homologous to the region flanking the DSB allows the "knock in" of the transgene. (genecopoeia.com)
  • The viral particle is composed of a protein capsid that contains a positive-sense RNA molecule of about 8,500 nucleotides that is infectious and encodes a single polyprotein, which is processed in infected cells by cis - and trans -acting viral proteases ( 55 ) to yield different polypeptide precursors and the mature viral proteins ( 9 , 62 ). (asm.org)
  • The viral genome encodes four structural capsid proteins (VP1 to VP4) and seven nonstructural (NS) proteins, the leader Lb/ab protease, and proteins encoded in the P2 (2B and 2C) and P3 (3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D) regions ( 9 ). (asm.org)
  • NS proteins are involved in crucial aspects of the viral cycle and pathogenesis, such as rearrangements of intracellular membranes required for endomembrane recruitment and the lysis of host cells ( 1 , 12 , 14 , 18 , 73 ). (asm.org)
  • A variety of extracellular stimuli including mitogens, cytokines, antigens, stress inducing agents, UV light and viral proteins initiate a signal transduction pathway that ultimately leads to NF-κB release and activation. (justia.com)
  • The viral pentameric protein complex consisting of glycoprotein H (gH)/gL/UL128-131A (PC) is considered to be an important vaccine component. (asm.org)
  • Using a subviral particle vaccine candidate, we show here that one protein complex of HCMV, termed the pentameric complex (PC), enhances the neutralizing antibody response against viral infection of different cell types. (asm.org)
  • Proof also shows that tyrosine phosphorylation is normally involved with HSV-1 replication because (we) HSV-1 penetration sets off tyrosine phosphorylation of mobile protein (1, 35), (ii) many viral protein are tyrosine phosphorylated during an infection (3, 30), and (iii) HSV-1 replication is normally inhibited in the current presence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (13, 44C46). (thebiotechdictionary.com)
  • Also, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein E (gE) is normally tyrosine phosphorylated during viral replication as well as the titer of trojan is normally proportional to the amount of phosphorylation of the envelope proteins (39). (thebiotechdictionary.com)
  • Gene ID: 5925, OMIM 614041 ) gene, which encodes a tumor suppressor protein. (molvis.org)
  • In all, our studies identify thousands of breast tumor hypermethylated regions for the first time, in particular, discovering seven large contiguous hypermethylated gene clusters. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The increase of the hydrophobicity in the signal sequences of E. coli presecretory proteins makes it possible to re-route the SecA dependent preproteins into the SRP targeting cycle 17 . (nature.com)
  • BMC Biotechnology 2011 2021-04-01 · Sequence Search Search for influenza sequences, proteins, and strains using two types of searches. (netlify.app)
  • To make these guidelines easily accessible to anyone planning a CRISPR genome editing experiment, we built a new website ( http://crispor.org ) that predicts off-targets and helps select and clone efficient guide sequences for more than 120 genomes using different Cas9 proteins and the eight efficiency scoring systems evaluated here. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Results We identified a homozygous 2 bp deletion in MMP21, encoding matrix metalloproteinase-21, as the sole coding mutation that segregated with the phenotype. (bmj.com)
  • T he sense primer SOD1 5′-CTCGAG GCGACGAAGGCCGTGTG CGTG-3′ con tains an XhoI site, and the antisense pr imers SOD1 5′-GGATCCTTATTGGGGGGAT CCCAATTAC-3′ contains a BamHI res triction site. (netlify.app)
  • from Int J Paediatr Dent 2000 Dec;10(4):328-34) The X-linked form is also known as Zinsser-Cole-Engman syndrome and involves the gene which encodes a highly conserved protein called dyskerin. (lookformedical.com)
  • DEAF-1 recognizes several TTCG motifs within the portion of the Dfd autoregulatory region termed 'module E.' In addition, DEAF-1 binds several similar motifs within a Dfd response element ( DRE ) from the 1.28 gene that enhances maxillary gene expression during embryogenesis (Pederson, 2000). (sdbonline.org)
  • During its biogenesis KdpD binds to the signal recognition particle (SRP) of Escherichia coli that consists of a 48-kDa protein Ffh and a 4.5S RNA. (nature.com)
  • SRP is universally conserved in its core region that consists of a ribonucleoprotein particle, the SRP RNA (4.5S RNA in E. coli ) and the protein component SRP54 (Ffh in E. coli for "fifty-four-homolog") that binds to the conserved RNA domain IV 4 . (nature.com)
  • Among the shelterin components, TRF1 and TRF2 bind directly to duplex telomeric repeats [ 2 ], while POT1 binds to the single-stranded regions of telomeres [ 3 ]. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • MicroRNAs are endogenously expressed, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression by targeting mRNAs for translational repression or degradation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Human genomics research has often focused on RNAs that encode proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RNAs that cannot encode proteins are considered useless RNAs or transcriptional noise. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In mammalian genomics, only a small number of transcripts encode proteins, and the vast majority are noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), accounting for approximately 80% of the human genome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently, it was revealed that the ordered localization of proteins and nucleic acids in the membraneless intracellular microenvironment is modulated by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) ( Shin and Brangwynne, 2017 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • 2017;3:7. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • The open-source code for Prediction of Influenza Protein Variants can be found here. (netlify.app)
  • Modulating agents include human E3 ubiquitin ligases, antibodies thereto and variants thereof, as well as related proteins. (justia.com)
  • Further analyses will be needed to fully ascertain the exact impact of those variants on breast cancer susceptibility, in particular for variants located in NBN promoter region. (biomedcentral.com)
  • those containing only the DAT1 coding region or the coding region flanked by a truncated 3' UTR resulted in greater DAT density than either of the naturalistic 9- and 10-repeat variants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This observation is normally in keeping with the hypothesis which the incorporation of tegument proteins is normally partly dependant on local proteins concentration. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
  • To survive stress, eukaryotes selectively translate stress-related transcripts while inhibiting growth-associated protein production. (biorxiv.org)
  • This locus expresses one coding transcript and two noncoding transcripts, and only the non-coding transcripts are disrupted by the insertion. (genecopoeia.com)
  • Rasd1 inhibited transcriptional repression by Ear2 on a renin promoter-luciferase reporter construct both in the presence and absence of all-trans-retinoic acid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In eukaryotic cells, various proteins and nucleic acids are orderly arranged in the nucleus and cytoplasm ( Handwerger and Gall, 2006 ). (aspetjournals.org)
  • The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape. (lookformedical.com)
  • Degradation of a protein via the ubiquitin pathway proceeds by two discrete and successive steps: (a) covalent attachment of multiple ubiquitin molecules to the protein substrate, and (b) degradation of the targeted protein by the 26S proteasome complex. (justia.com)
  • The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction. (lookformedical.com)
  • A southern blot using hybridization of gag, pro, env derived probes revealed a complex distribution of HERV-Ws in the human haploid genome with 70 gag, 100 pro, and 30 env regions. (wikipedia.org)
  • We developed a novel web-based tool, CRISPOR ( http://crispor.org ), to assist with guide selection in 120 genomes, including plants and many emerging model organisms, and pre-calculated results for all human coding exons as a UCSC Genome Browser track. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Flp-mediated recombination, one of a family of site-specific recombination technologies, was used to integrate the DAT1 constructs into a common, transcriptionally-active region of the genome, eliminating several caveats associated with traditional reporter gene methodologies [ 36 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent genome-wide analysis has shown that DNA methylation spans long stretches of chromosome regions consisting of clusters of contiguous CpG islands or gene families. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Under stress conditions, such as nutrition depletion 8 , hypoxia 9 , 10 , or pathogen challenge 11 , global translation is reprogrammed, leading to elevated stress-responsive protein production, but repressed growth-related protein synthesis, which is crucial to the survival and adaptation to stress. (biorxiv.org)
  • Ribonucleic acid in protozoa having regulatory and catalytic roles as well as involvement in protein synthesis. (lookformedical.com)
  • WUS is a homeodomain transcription factor (TF) produced in the organizing center (OC) domain of apical meristems and is transported via plasmodesmata into the apical domain (called central zone, CZ) to promote proliferation of stem cells 3 . (nature.com)
  • Intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) appears to be an important mediator of this process ( 3 , 6 - 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • in poliovirus (PV), the interaction between the RNA replication complex and intracellular membranes appears to be accomplished by proteins 3A and 2C, which have membrane-binding properties ( 11 , 60 ). (asm.org)
  • Using the consensus sequence for retroviral pol and "panretro" RT-PCR extensions from the pol region of MSRV (retroviral RNA), the discovery of a HERV with gag, pol and env was made possible. (wikipedia.org)
  • more 2021-3-26 · The National Library of Medicine (NLM), on the NIH campus in Bethesda, Maryland, is the world's largest biomedical library and the developer of electronic information services that delivers data to millions of scientists, health professionals … Efficient cleavage requires at least two copies of the NgoMIV recognition sequence. (netlify.app)
  • Though the VNTR resides in a region encoding the 3' untranslated region (UTR) and does not alter the protein's amino acid sequence, the prevalent 10-repeat variant has shown both linkage and association to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (biomedcentral.com)
  • This sequence comes from Fig. 3. (addgene.org)
  • KdpD is a four-spanning membrane protein that has two large cytoplasmic domains at the amino- and at the carboxyterminus, respectively. (nature.com)
  • The protein is targeted to the inner membrane surface and is released after contacting the SRP receptor protein FtsY. (nature.com)
  • eYFP is flanked by a membrane trafficking signal and an ER release signal N- and C-terminally, respectively. (addgene.org)
  • When expressed as a recombinant protein in transfected cells, PV 3A cofractionates with endoplasmic reticulum markers ( 66 ), and its single transient expression can disrupt the secretory apparatus ( 23 ) and decrease major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression ( 22 ). (asm.org)
  • A distinct ZmFCP1-FEA3 ligand-receptor combination, originally identified in maize, prevents WUS gene expression in the region below the OC (also called rib zone, RZ), thus confining WUS expression within the OC of meristems 6 . (nature.com)
  • The regulation of WUS transcription is crucial for meristem homeostasis, whereby high WUS expression leads to enlarged meristems and low expression leads to the formation of small meristems 3 , 14 . (nature.com)
  • Oxidative and electrophilic stresses are sensed by Keap1, which activates Nrf2 to achieve cytoprotection by regulating the expression of drug-metabolizing and antioxidative stress enzymes/proteins. (aacrjournals.org)
  • 3 H] Win 35,428 saturation binding assays and DAT immunoblots revealed statistically significant differences in DAT expression attributable to DAT1 genotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Design and Methods The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor protein was examined in patients' bone marrow biopsy specimens using immunohistochemistry. (haematologica.org)
  • Results Strong hypoxia-inducible factor-2 protein expression was detected in CD138 + multiple myeloma plasma cells in patients' biopsy specimens. (haematologica.org)
  • and 4) Expression of a protein from a particular species, such as mice, in an orthologous organism such as humans. (genecopoeia.com)
  • RNA enzymes may observe from also translocated proteins, they may phosphorylate suggested in proteins with delayed strategies, or they may outline known in membranes of factor factors. (evakoch.com)
  • Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of cyclinD1, CDK2, Bcl2, β-catenin and phosphorylation of the key proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • Phosphorylation of tegument proteins is normally believed to are likely involved in tegument proteins dissociation (28). (thebiotechdictionary.com)
  • Both mobile and virally encoded kinases get excited about the phosphorylation of tegument protein (5, 11, 12), and serines of tegument proteins HSV-1 VP22 are phosphorylated in contaminated cells (11, 12). (thebiotechdictionary.com)
  • Flanking the CZ is the peripheral zone (PZ) where cells are recruited for the initiation of new lateral primordia. (nature.com)
  • 3 - 5 CXCL12 is highly expressed by MM plasma cells, 6 and circulating levels of CXCL12 are higher in the peripheral blood of MM patients than in age-matched normal donors and MGUS patients. (haematologica.org)
  • In our recent study, it was revealed that PXR interacts with DAZ-associated protein 1 (DAZAP1), which is an essential component of the paraspeckle, a membraneless nuclear body, and the interaction was disassociated by rifampicin, a ligand of PXR. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The 32-aa MYND domain (for myeloid, Nervy, and Deaf-1) contains non-DNA-binding zinc fingers that are thought to mediate protein-protein interactions (Gross, 1996). (sdbonline.org)
  • Proteins that specifically bind to TELOMERES. (lookformedical.com)
  • A ubiquitously expressed telomere-binding protein that is present at TELOMERES throughout the CELL CYCLE. (lookformedical.com)
  • The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases. (lookformedical.com)
  • Theiler's disease has been described in horses in many areas of the world after treatment with a variety of equine serum products, including tetanus antitoxin ( 3 - 8 ), botulinum antitoxin ( 9 ), antiserum against Streptococcus equi ( 4 , 10 ), pregnant mare's serum ( 4 ), and equine plasma ( 1 , 2 , 5 , 11 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Clinical performance of the 3 assays was compared in samples from individuals diagnosed with subjective cognitive decline (n = 22), and in patients with AD (n = 22), frontotemporal dementia (n = 22), dementia with Lewy bodies (n = 22), or vascular dementia (n = 20), adjusted for sex and age. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Future longitudinal studies should explore whether cerebrospinal fluid synaptic proteins can predict cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • The insertion of this motif into the Diptericin ( Dpt ) regulatory region confers DEAF-1 responsiveness to this normally DEAF-1-independent enhancer. (sdbonline.org)
  • The information within the KdpD protein that confers SRP interaction was found in the amino-terminal cytoplasmic domain of KdpD, particularly at residues 22-48. (nature.com)
  • 1] To prepare phagemid from lambdaMGU2, grow recombinants on a RecA- host expressing the Cre protein (E. coli 1046[pCRE1], ATCC 77368) and select for ampicillin resistance. (addgene.org)
  • We have previously identified NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) as a key regulator of insulin gene transcription in pancreatic β-cells that is activated by the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase 2B (calcineurin) in response to increased [Ca 2+ ] i ( 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • While studying the activity of BRCA2 gene promoter in breast cancer cells, we discovered that this promoter has bi-directional activity and the product of the reverse activity (a ZAR1-like protein, we named ZAR2) silences the forward promoter at the G0/G1 phase of the cell. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Long-term continuous chemoradiotherapy can lead to toxic side effects and weaken the patient, while the cytotoxic effect on cancer cells is also poor [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, the quantity of HSV-1 tegument proteins UL37 in virions is normally strictly handled despite a 20-fold boost of UL37 in contaminated cells (25). (thebiotechdictionary.com)
  • VP22 relocates to a book subcellular site with another tegument proteins, VP16, in coexpressing cells (7). (thebiotechdictionary.com)
  • In eukaryotes, protein translation is normally cap-dependent. (biorxiv.org)
  • Mechanistically, METTL3 mediates the N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) modification of circIGF2BP3 and promotes its circularization in a manner dependent on the m 6 A reader protein YTHDC1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is structurally different from TELOMERIC REPEAT BINDING PROTEIN 2 in that it contains acidic N-terminal amino acid residues. (lookformedical.com)
  • We investigated the analytical and diagnostic performance of 3 commonly used neurogranin assays in the same cohort of patients to improve the interpretability of CSF neurogranin test results. (phoenixpeptide.com)
  • Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) nonstructural protein 3A plays important roles in virus replication, virulence, and host range. (asm.org)
  • We demonstrated that the ligand binding domain of Ear2 is required for physical and functional interaction between the two proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To facilitate the identification of potential antivirals, we developed two reporter-expressing ZIKVs, each capable of expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein or an improved luminescent NanoLuc luciferase. (mdpi.com)
  • The response to GLP-1 was mimicked by forskolin and largely inhibited by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors, H89 and myristoylated PKI(14-22) amide, indicating partial mediation via a cAMP/PKA pathway. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The tegument keeps its structural integrity in the lack of the envelope and capsid, indicating solid intermolecular interactions that has to can be found between these tegument proteins to aid the apparently amorphous framework (7, 27, 40). (thebiotechdictionary.com)
  • Several polymorphisms were identified in CXCL12 gene including rs1801157 in the 3′-untranslated region, which is characterized by a substitution of a guanine for an adenine. (biomedcentral.com)