Long term denervation in skeletal muscle. Medical search. Frequent questions

There is a longstanding belief that a given nucleus controls a defined volume of cytoplasm, so when a muscle grows (hypertrophy) or shrinks (atrophy), the number of myonuclei change accordingly. (frontiersin.org)
Recently, two independent models, one from rodents and the other from insects, have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from skeletal muscle fibers when they undergo either atrophy or programmed cell death. (frontiersin.org)
However, overexpression of miR-125b, especially the miR-125b-5p form, can protect skeletal muscle from atrophy. (wikipedia.org)
This assumption long seemed valid, with many researchers reporting the presence of disintegrating nuclei in muscle tissue during atrophy induced by inactivity, injury or paralysis. (robert-gorter.info)
Muscles get damaged during extreme exercise, and often have to weather changes in food availability and other environmental factors that lead to atrophy. (robert-gorter.info)
This is the first clinical study showing that clenbuterol at 120 μg/day attenuated denervation-induced muscle atrophy in humans. (visitegadi.eu)
In chronic steroid myopathy, muscle biopsy shows preferential atrophy of type II fibers, particularly the fast-twitch glycolytic fibers (type IIB). (medscape.com)
reduces muscle atrophy and improves muscle function [22]. (blessin.info)

Until recently, scientists thought this meant that nuclei - the cell control centers that build and maintain muscle fibers - are also lost to sloth. (robert-gorter.info)
Two independent studies - one in rodents and the other in insects - have demonstrated that nuclei are not lost from atrophying muscle fibers, and even remain after muscle death has been initiated. (robert-gorter.info)
Muscles contain the synaptic connection between lower motor neurons and muscle fibers, i.e., the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), as well as specialized sensory nerve endings (e.g., muscle spindles). (frontiersin.org)
Increased variation in the diameter of muscle fibers occurs. (medscape.com)
In acute steroid myopathy, muscle biopsy shows focal and diffuse necrosis of all fiber types, without predilection for type II fibers. (medscape.com)
One is, how, and to what extent, does the nervous system control protein expression in skeletal muscle fibers? (ucla.edu)
Whole muscle, single motor units and single muscle fibers are studied physiologically and biochemically. (ucla.edu)
in muscle entails a switch towards oxidative type IIa, and to a lesser extent, type I muscle fibers with elevated expression of mitochondrial markers, boosted mitochondrial number and size as well as improved fatigue resistance [20]. (blessin.info)
Muscle fibers can broadly be divided into 3 muscles types: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. (medscape.com)
Likewise, the number of muscle fibers within each of these, as well as the shape of muscles (depending on their function), can also vary greatly. (medscape.com)
What remains constant, however, is that the muscle fibers are aligned in the same direction so that individual muscle fibers can work in concert. (medscape.com)
When the muscles fibers and the associated tendon are arranged along the same axis, the muscle is termed a parallel muscle. (medscape.com)
Bipennate muscles have muscles fibers inserting at an angle on both sides of a central tendon. (medscape.com)
Each muscle fascicle represents a group of muscle fibers bound together by a layer of connective tissue termed the perimysium. (medscape.com)
Only 60% of the axons in the nerve to a given muscle are motor to the muscle fibers that make up the bulk of the muscle. (medscape.com)
The nerve supply branches within the muscle belly, forming a plexus from which groups of axons emerge to supply the muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
The axons supply single motor endplates placed about halfway along the muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
A motor unit comprises a motor neuron in the spinal cord or brainstem together with the squad of muscle fibers it innervates. (medscape.com)
In large muscles (eg, the flexors of the hip or knee), each motor unit contains 1200 or more muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
In small muscles (eg, the intrinsic muscles of the hand), each unit contains 12 or fewer muscle fibers. (medscape.com)
Muscle fibers are long and cylindrical in shape. (medscape.com)

These and other data argue against the current interpretation of the myonuclear domain hypothesis and suggest that once a nucleus has been acquired by a muscle fiber it persists. (frontiersin.org)
This strongly suggests that once a nucleus has been acquired by a muscle fiber, it belongs to the muscle syncytium - probably for life. (robert-gorter.info)

Mutations in GFPT1 (glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate transaminase 1), a gene encoding an enzyme involved in glycosylation of ubiquitous proteins, cause a limb-girdle congenital myasthenic syndrome (LG-CMS) with tubular aggregates (TAs) characterized predominantly by affection of the proximal skeletal muscles and presence of highly organized and remodeled sarcoplasmic tubules in patients' muscle biopsies. (nih.gov)
Steroid myopathy is usually an insidious disease process that causes weakness mainly to the proximal muscles of the upper and lower limbs and to the neck flexors. (medscape.com)
[rx] Some physical examination findings include early-onset cataracts (younger than 50 years), varying grip myotonia, proximal muscle weakness or stiffness, hearing loss, and myofascial pain. (rxharun.com)

Although circulating muscle proteins such as creatine kinase and myoglobin are increased in acute steroid myopathy, glucocorticoid down-regulation of protein synthesis may lead to decreased levels of these proteins in chronic steroid myopathy. (medscape.com)
Ultrasonography can be used in steroid myopathy to visualize details such as muscle echogenicity, muscle size, and the presence or absence of muscle movement. (medscape.com)
In cases of myopathy caused by long-term corticosteroid use, decreasing the corticosteroid dose to below a 30 mg/d threshold may result in resolution of muscle weakness. (medscape.com)
Acute rhabdomyolysis with hyperkalemia followed by ventricular dysrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and death has occurred after use in apparently healthy pediatric patients who were subsequently found to have undiagnosed skeletal muscle myopathy. (nih.gov)

However, in light of recent initiatives such as EU-RISE and Rise2-Italy, it is clear that the use of FES technology in the home can offer patients a variety of physiological and anatomical benefits to muscle and skin, such as improved muscle bulk and ultrastructural organization, and skin thickness [3]. (oatext.com)
These analyses consist of enzyme activities of single muscle or neural cells, cell morphology, the kinds of proteins synthesized, the modulations of the mRNA's of specific myonuclei as well as the physiological properties of the nerve and muscle cells. (ucla.edu)
We found that recovery was incomplete in aged mice relative to their younger treatment matched counterparts based on gross behavioral measures and physiological recordings from the animals' gastrocnemius (GC) muscles, despite muscle reinnervation by surviving MNs. (biomedcentral.com)
at physiological levels in skeletal muscle leads to a variety of beneficial effects resembling the adaptation of EE [20]. (blessin.info)

MiR-125b can also negatively regulate skeletal myoblast differentiation and muscle regeneration by targeting insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). (wikipedia.org)
His research was on limb development and regeneration and on the regeneration and transplantation of skeletal muscle, with more recent emphasis on regeneration after long-term denervation and during aging. (metascience2019.org)
Further, the regeneration of muscle explains how NARF therapies, Stretta and Secca work to improve the symptoms that accompany GERD and fecal incontinence. (massdevice.com)

There is a general agreement that hypertrophy is accompanied by the addition of new nuclei from stem cells to help the muscles meet the enhanced synthetic demands of a larger cell. (frontiersin.org)
Available data have documented the role of selected myokines in lipid and glucose metabolism, or muscle hypertrophy. (nature.com)

Treatments with K1K1 delayed the onset of muscular impairment and reduced MN loss and skeletal muscle denervation of superoxide dismutase 1 G93A (SOD1G93A) mice. (unipv.it)
Implant-based reconstruction using the pectoralis major and/or LD muscles can be plagued with muscular pain, spasm, and animation deformities. (fortuneonline.org)
The tradeoff incurred is the increased risk of muscular spasms and animation deformity, whereby the implant is displaced superolaterally whenever the overlying muscle contracts [8]. (fortuneonline.org)
This summary discusses the basic anatomy of skeletal muscle, key features of skeletal muscle histology and physiology, and important presentations of muscular disease. (medscape.com)
Most of the skeletal muscular system is arranged into groups of agonists and antagonist muscles that work in concert to provide efficient and controlled motion. (medscape.com)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) leads to muscle weakness, co-ordination and balance problems, as well as sensation disorders, visual and cognitive deficits and gradual limitation of functioning 1 . (hippokratia.gr)
Moreover, another issue is the element of fatigue and muscle weakness in disabilities, especially in diseases like multiple sclerosis, which significantly reduces the mobility of these patients 9 . (hippokratia.gr)
Bradykinesia, muscle weakness and reduced muscle power in Parkinson's disease. (csnn.eu)
Myotonia Atrophica / Myotonic dystrophy is characterized by progressive multisystem genetic impairment in relaxation of muscles after voluntary contraction due to repetitive depolarization of the muscle membrane disorders muscle wasting and weakness. (rxharun.com)
[rx] Distal muscle weakness is the predominant symptom in classic DM1. (rxharun.com)
The classic form also presents with the characteristic "myopathic face" or "hatchet face" due to weakness and wasting of the facial, levator palpebrae, and masticatory muscles. (rxharun.com)

By affecting these cellular processes, miR-125 can cause promotion or suppression of pathological processes including carcinogenesis, muscle abnormalities, neurological disorders and pathologies of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, some disorders such as carbohydrate intolerance, insulin resistance, lipid abnormalities, and heart disease occur prematurely and at a higher prevalence in disabled populations and may be related to adverse changes in body composition that result from immobilization and skeletal muscle denervation 6 . (hippokratia.gr)

At birth, the pastern and fetlocks of the forelegs and sometimes the carpal joints are flexed to varying degrees due to shortening of the deep and superficial digital flexors and associated muscles. (msdvetmanual.com)
The iliopsoas muscles are the primary hip flexors, pulling the knee up off the ground when it contracts. (unlockhipflexor.com)

Patients who had both pectoralis major muscle and LD implant-reconstruction were significantly less likely to have improvement in pain/tightness. (fortuneonline.org)
Sub-pectoral implant placement, whereby the tissue expander or implant is placed beneath the pectoralis major, has been the decades' long gold standard in implant-based breast reconstruction [5]. (fortuneonline.org)
Some muscles are spread out over a large area and converge on a relatively small tendon, appropriately termed convergent muscles (eg, pectoralis muscles of the chest). (medscape.com)

Analysis of neuromuscular biopsies from three unrelated individuals demonstrates that the maintenance of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) is dramatically impaired with loss of post-synaptic junctional folds and evidence of denervation-reinnervation processes affecting the three main NMJ components. (nih.gov)

In humans, the loss of muscle mass and accompanying degeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) is called sarcopenia and is a major cause of disability in the elderly [ 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tldr: cardarine has not been observed to cause cancer in humans or monkeys, only rats and mice at large dosages for long periods of time. (blessin.info)

Strength improved in muscles stimulated by the FES cycle, but not in other muscles. (iospress.com)
As a general rule, resistance exercises should be limited to muscles with greater than antigravity strength. (medscape.com)
The algorithm of choice of these techniques is governed by the results of cough efficiency and respiratory muscle strength examination. (csnn.eu)
Mechanisms for successful rehabilitation of cough in Parkinson's disease using expiratory muscle strength training. (csnn.eu)
Lower extremity muscle strength and force variability in persons with Parkinson disease. (csnn.eu)
Respiratory muscle strength and lung function in the stages of Parkinson's disease. (csnn.eu)
1) and muscle strength in patients with early stage idiopathic Parkinson's disease. (csnn.eu)

In gross anatomy, the nerves to skeletal muscles are branches of mixed peripheral nerves. (medscape.com)

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is an assistive technology shown to improve muscle condition when used appropriately and can also help patients with paralyzed or weak muscles to move. (oatext.com)

For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. (frontiersin.org)
Though the majority of changes have not yet occurred by the median age of ALS diagnosis (54-61 years old depending on the population), it is important to consider these ongoing processes, particularly with regard to long-term disease management. (biomedcentral.com)

Increased expression of miR-125a improves long-term multi-lineage repopulation and self-renewal of HSCs by blocking apoptosis pathways. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, this study shows that this unique low power, low temperature non-ablative type of radiofrequency (NARF) improves the smooth-muscle sphincters of the GI tract, as well as the skeletal muscle of the external anal sphincter. (massdevice.com)
[rx] It is characterized by a "warm-up phenomenon" upon examination where it appears more pronounced after rest and improves with muscle activity. (rxharun.com)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most commonly inherited peripheral neuropathies causing the slow progression of sensory and distal muscle defects. (cmttreatmentreport.com)

When the bladder becomes full, the stretch receptors of the detrusor muscle send a signal to the pons, which in turn notifies the brain. (medscape.com)
The primary activity of this area is to send tonically inhibitory signals to the detrusor muscle to prevent the bladder from emptying (contracting) until a socially acceptable time and place to urinate is available. (medscape.com)

Patients with subpectoral implant placement with or without latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle coverage can experience muscle pain and animation deformity. (fortuneonline.org)
In axillary thoracotomy or mini-thoracotomy, a linear incision from the anterior axillary line inferomedially to the midhemithorax avoids the division of several muscles, most importantly the latissimus dorsi. (radiologykey.com)

As well, many older individuals suffer from sarcopenia, a protracted muscle wasting disorder that typically begins after the age of 50 and involves a loss of about 1% of muscle mass per year ( Woo, 2017 ). (frontiersin.org)
The medication typically recommended first are NSAIDs (though not aspirin) or skeletal muscle relaxants and these are enough for most people. (unlockhipflexor.com)
Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy (CDM) - The congenital form presents in about 15% of cases, with fetal-onset involvement of muscle and the CNS, and typically is seen in those with more than 1,000 repeats. (rxharun.com)
Cylindrical muscles typically have greater mass at the center of the muscle, leading to a central body or muscle belly (eg, biceps brachii). (medscape.com)

Muscle growth is accompanied by the addition of new nuclei from stem cells to help meet the enhanced synthetic demands of larger muscle cells," explains Schwartz. (robert-gorter.info)

The psoas muscles, in particular, is located in the lumbar (lower) region of the spine and extends through the pelvis to the femur. (unlockhipflexor.com)
Because the psoas muscle is also connected to the spine, it contributes to upright posture, assists in lumbar spine movement, and influences the spine's curve. (unlockhipflexor.com)
Physical therapy that mobilizes the spine along with specific exercises can help alleviate the pain and can have long-lasting effects WHAT DO PT'S DO? (doczz.net)

However, since there are many different non-muscle cell populations that reside within the tissue, these experiments cannot easily distinguish true myonuclei from those of neighboring mononuclear cells. (frontiersin.org)
Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the body. (frontiersin.org)
It affects the smooth muscle tissue and relaxes them to improve breathing. (visitegadi.eu)
Radiofrequency therapy is commonly thought of in terms of ablation, where tissue destruction occurs. (massdevice.com)
In our experiments we also study cell and tissue properties (nerve and muscle) that are important in generating the behavioral characteristics observed. (ucla.edu)
Gross inspection of a skeletal muscle reveals collections of muscle fascicles surrounded by a layer connective tissue termed the epimysium. (medscape.com)
Another layer of connective tissue, termed the endomysium, surrounds each individual myofiber. (medscape.com)

NORWALK, Conn. - A newly published, pathologist-blinded study in a porcine model, examines the histopathology changes after non-ablative radiofrequency (NARF) to smooth muscle as delivered by Stretta therapy for GERD and Secca therapy for fecal incontinence. (massdevice.com)

In moderate cases, oxytetracycline may be administered to relax the flexor muscles, and a splint can be applied to force the animal to bear weight on its toes. (msdvetmanual.com)

People with this disorder often have prolonged muscle contractions (myotonia) and are not able to relax certain muscles after use. (rxharun.com)

We believe that these studies will be an important basis for the future design and evaluation of therapies designed to slow denervation and promote re-innervation in adult ALS patients. (biomedcentral.com)

They wouldn't last very long giving up their nuclei in response to every one of these insults. (robert-gorter.info)

The ability for the human body to perform exercise is made possible by the coordinated actions of muscles and bones in conjunction with other structures such as tendons, ligaments, and in more recent times, fascia [1], all working in a synergistic fashion. (oatext.com)
Frequent manual extension of the joints, attempting to stretch the ligaments, tendons, and muscles, helps treat these intermediate cases. (msdvetmanual.com)
Some muscles insert on their respective tendons at an oblique angle. (medscape.com)

to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation. (nih.gov)

Body mass index values, the effect of spasticity, the increased number of drugs used and the relationship between skeletal muscle and bone which interacts with impaired motor function leading to body composition alterations in multiple sclerosis are reviewed. (hippokratia.gr)

Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. (frontiersin.org)

Motor points have been identified for all major muscle groups for the purpose of functional electrical stimulation by physical therapists, in order to increase muscle power. (medscape.com)

This led to the assumption that a given nucleus controls a defined volume of cytoplasm - so that when a muscle shrinks or 'atrophies' due to disuse or disease, the number of myonuclei decreases. (robert-gorter.info)

K1K1 treatment also prevented the infiltration of T cells in skeletal muscle of SOD1G93A mice. (unipv.it)

But if you're not so fortunate, your tight hips are making themselves known every time you so much as walk to the bathroom or sit on the couch-expressing themselves in the form of lower back pain and muscle stiffness. (unlockhipflexor.com)

Skeletal muscles are the largest cells in the body and are one of the few syncytial ones. (frontiersin.org)
Skeletal muscle is fairly unique in that the mature cells are syncytial and can contain hundreds of nuclei. (frontiersin.org)
But according to a review published in Frontiers in Physiology, modern lab techniques now allow us to see that nuclei gained during training persist even when muscle cells shrink due to disuse or start to break down. (robert-gorter.info)
But by far our biggest cells - and biggest syncytia - are our muscles. (robert-gorter.info)
But modern cell-type-specific dyes and genetic markers have shown that the dying nuclei other researchers had detected were in fact inflammatory and other cells recruited to atrophic muscle. (robert-gorter.info)
During adolescence muscle growth is enhanced by hormones, nutrition and a robust pool of stem cells, making it an ideal period for individuals to "bank" myonuclei that could be drawn upon to remain active in old age. (robert-gorter.info)
Specialized muscle cells in the heart's walls send signals to the rest of the heart to ensure that the heart beats at a steady, consistent rate. (medicalnewstoday.com)
A neuron generates and propagates an action potential along its axon, then transmits this signal across a synapse by releasing neurotransmitters, which trigger a reaction in another neuron or an effector cell (eg, muscle cells, most exocrine and endocrine cells). (msdmanuals.com)

Notice that the echogenicity of the CAL muscle on the neurectomized side is increased, compared with that of the CAL muscle on the control side at each time. (avma.org)
At 4 weeks after neurectomy, the boundaries of the CAL muscle on the neurectomized side (B) are still well-defined despite the increase in muscle echogenicity. (avma.org)
At 28 weeks after neurectomy, the CAL muscle on the neurectomized side (F) is ill defined with increased echogenicity and a nonuniform appearance. (avma.org)
and grade 4 (black bars) indicated that the muscle had a heterogenous and nonuniform echogenicity and the overall increase in the echogenicity was readily apparent. (avma.org)
Notice that the CAD muscle on the neurectomized side has increased echogenicity (ie, appears brighter), compared with the CAD muscle on the control side. (avma.org)

The plaid model [5] introduces a statistical model assuming that the expression value in a bicluster is the sum of the main effect, the gene effect, the condition effect, and the noise term, i.e. (columbiagypsy.net)

Panels C and D are identical to panels A and B, respectively, except that in panels C and D, the cricoid cartilage (CC) has been delineated by curved white lines and the thickness of the CAD muscle (d) has been delineated by a straight white line. (avma.org)

1] Neurogenic bladder is a term applied to urinary bladder malfunction due to neurologic dysfunction emanating from internal or external trauma, disease, or injury. (medscape.com)
While this is the most common type of breast reconstruction performed, it can be associated with signi-ficant post-operative muscle pain and dysfunction. (fortuneonline.org)
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The investigation confirms multiple mechanisms that may regenerate and improve the function of the treated sphincter muscles, offering symptom improvement for patients suffering from these debilitating disorders. (massdevice.com)

These data provide a rational justification for further exploring the long-term loss of K1K1 efficacy in the perspective of providing a potential treatment for ALS. (unipv.it)

This investigation concluded that non-ablative radiofrequency application appeared to induce profound morphological changes in the sphincter muscle that lead to an anatomical state reminiscent of the baseline sphincter structure. (massdevice.com)

The toxin appears to not only have a positive effect on muscle circulation and vessels [ 20 - 23 ] but also apparently have the ability to alleviate IR injury in muscle flaps [ 6 , 24 ]. (hindawi.com)

We report here the first long-term clinical follow-up of 11 French individuals suffering from LG-CMS with TAs due to GFPT1 mutations, of which nine are new. (nih.gov)
The term MetS, or originally Syndrome X, was proposed to foster a coherent clinical approach to management and therapeutic intervention. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

All these protective effects were lost on long-term treatment suggesting a mechanism of drug tolerance. (unipv.it)
It was found that because of its stimulant effects on the central …Clearly, from the above Clenbuterol Customer Reviews- it's the one way to get max cutting, enhanced performance, and lean muscle. (visitegadi.eu)
Zhang W, Tan YF, Atwood HL , Martin Wojtowicz J. Biphasic effects of the cholinergic agonist carbachol on long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus of the mammalian hippocampus. (neurotree.org)

Examples of skeletal circular muscles include the orbicularis oris and orbicularis oculi. (medscape.com)

72] Muscle relaxants may be beneficial. (unlockhipflexor.com)

MRI and x-ray for low back pain are surprisingly unreliable,1 because things like bulging discs usually aren't a deal,2 most back pain goes away on its own,3 and trigger points ("muscle knots") are common and can be alarmingly intense but aren't dangerous.4 Most patients are much better off when they feel confident about these things. (unlockhipflexor.com)

Insufficient hepatic O 2 in animal and human studies has been shown to elicit a hepatorenal reflex in response to increased hepatic adenosine, resulting in the stimulation of renal as well as muscle sympathetic nerve activity and activating the renin angiotensin system. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

Membrane potentials, synaptic responses, neuronal circuitry, neuromodulation and muscle histology using the crayfish: student laboratory exercises. (neurotree.org)
method to introduce genetic material into select neuronal populations is by virus administration into muscle, which is the focus of this review. (frontiersin.org)

Both Stretta and Secca are proven safe and effective in multiple studies, with long-term data and growing insurance coverage. (massdevice.com)

When injected into a muscle, viruses are close to nerve endings for longer periods and at higher concentrations than when systemically injected. (frontiersin.org)
B, D, and F) CAL muscles of a 4-year-old Standardbred at 4 (A and B), 18 (C and D), and 28 (E and F) weeks after unilateral neurectomy of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. (avma.org)
Ultrasonographic images obtained by a transesophageal approach of the CAD muscles on the control (A and C) and neurectomized (B and D) sides of a 4-year-old Standardbred 14 weeks after neurectomy of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. (avma.org)

This means that by the age of 80, sarcopenic individuals have lost about 40% of their muscle mass, a key factor in falls, frailty, and nursing home admissions. (frontiersin.org)

It inhibits acetylcholine and substance P release causing muscle paralysis with a less clear mechanism of action causing decreased pain [1, 2]. (fortuneonline.org)

The results show also that the neural influence that is associated with muscle fiber types is probably not mediated via the amount or pattern of activity of the motor units. (ucla.edu)

Meanwhile, you gain more and more lean muscle finally letting you have massive size.A Testosterone and Anavar cycle has the power to build 25+lbs of muscle, whilst losing 4%-5% of body fat. (visitegadi.eu)
Skeletal muscles can vary greatly in size depending on location and responsibility. (medscape.com)

Anatomy62

Organisms18

Diseases20

Chemicals and Drugs66

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes57

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Information Science3

Health Care5

Atrophy8

Fibers21

Acquired by a2

Proximal3

Myopathy4

Physiological4

Regeneration3

Hypertrophy2

Muscular5

Weakness6

Abnormalities2

Flexors2

Pectoralis3

Post-synaptic1

Humans2

Strength7

Nerves1

Appropriately1

Processes2

Improves3

Distal muscle1

Detrusor muscle2

Latissimus dorsi2

Typically4

Meet the enhanced synthetic demands1

Spine3

Tissue7

Smooth1

Flexor1

Contractions1

Therapies1

Insults1

Tendons3

Relaxation1

Body composition1

Sensory1

Physical therapists1

Shrinks1

Mice1

Stiffness1

Cells8

Echogenicity5

Gene1

Thickness1

Dysfunction3

Symptom1

Loss1

Anatomical1

Flaps1

Clinical2

Effects3

Include1

Beneficial1

Patients1

Renal1

Neuronal2

Multiple1

Nerve3

Mass1

Paralysis1

Fiber types1

Size2