Administration, OralDrug Administration ScheduleInjections, IntravenousUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationTime FactorsDose-Response Relationship, DrugDrug Administration RoutesRats, Sprague-DawleyRats, WistarAdministration, IntranasalDisease Models, AnimalInjections, IntraperitonealInjections, SubcutaneousMice, Inbred C57BLLiverAdministration, RectalBiological AvailabilityHalf-LifeInjections, IntramuscularAdministration, TopicalInfusions, IntravenousAdministration, IntravenousDrug InteractionsInjections, IntraventricularArea Under CurveMice, Inbred BALB CRats, Inbred StrainsTreatment OutcomeTissue DistributionDogsAdministration, CutaneousDouble-Blind MethodBrainBlood PressureCross-Over StudiesKidneyRNA, MessengerBody WeightAdministration, InhalationRandom AllocationAdministration, SublingualBehavior, AnimalRecombinant ProteinsInfusions, ParenteralAnalysis of VarianceDrug ToleranceRabbitsMorphineInjectionsPlant ExtractsLong QT SyndromeChromatography, High Pressure LiquidOrgan SizePregnancyMetabolic Clearance RateInjections, SpinalLungMice, Inbred ICRRats, Inbred F344Heart RateEthanolMotor ActivityMice, KnockoutEstradiolSelf AdministrationAnalgesics, OpioidAntineoplastic AgentsMice, Inbred StrainsDrug CombinationsMolecular Sequence DataHemodynamicsCells, CulturedDrug Therapy, CombinationDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalEnzyme InhibitorsKineticsAntibodies, MonoclonalAnalgesicsSpleenPiperidinesBase SequenceBlood GlucoseUnited StatesAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalProdrugsIntestinal AbsorptionInjections, Intra-ArterialAdministration, BuccalImmunohistochemistryDrug ApprovalGenetic VectorsEatingDrug SynergismCocaineNaloxoneGenetic TherapyProspective StudiesDopamineCytokinesDelayed-Action Preparations