Putative virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were over-represented in L1, L2 and L3 isolates combined, versus the remainder. (nature.com)
Figure 3: Prevalence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in the dominant lineages (L1-L3, n = 89) and remainder ( n = 79). (nature.com)
Across these cohorts we examined serotype distribution, antibiotic resistance, strain distribution, and regions of recombination to determine genes that were undergoing diversifying selection. (cdc.gov)
Although drugs, for example a MEK inhibitor Refametinib [ 5 ], targeting key driver genes involved in HCC progression are being utilized for the clinical intervene, chemotherapy-resistance and the following cancer recurrence or metastasis still hinder the improvement of patient survival rates. (jcancer.org)
The CDKN2A/B locus contains genes encoding cell cycle inhibitors, including p16 Ink4a , which have not yet been implicated in the control of hepatic glucose homeostasis. (diabetesjournals.org)
Therefore, we established an accurate and rapid whole genome sequencing (WGS) based classification and serotyping algorithm and combined it with the detection of resistance genes. (biomedcentral.com)
A gene presence/absence-based classification algorithm was developed, which employs the open-source gene-detection tool SRST2 and a new classification database comprising 36 genes, including capsule loci for serotyping. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, the presence of antibiotic resistance genes within the German dataset was evaluated with SRST2 and correlated with results of traditional phenotyping assays. (biomedcentral.com)
Resistance genes were detected in 16 out of 262 datasets from the German cohort. (biomedcentral.com)
We further found that SET domain bifurcated 1 (Setdb1) was a SUMOylated protein and that SUMOylation promoted Setdb1 occupancy on the promoter locus of Pparg and Cebpa genes to suppress their expressions by H3K9me3. (deepdyve.com)
adqcKO Mechanistically, adipocyte Senp2 deciency caused the downregula- Senp2 mice exhibit an ectopic lipid accumulation and tion of Pparg and Cebpa as well as their downstream target genes insulin resistance related to lipid storage. (deepdyve.com)
We developed a DNA microarray for strain typing and detection of major antimicrobial resistance genes of clinically relevant enterobacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
Antimicrobial resistance occurs through different mechanisms, which include spontaneous (natural) genetic mutations and horizontal transfer of resistant genes through deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (who.int)
This report presents the status of AMR in Africa by analysing the main types of resistance and the underlying genes where possible. (who.int)
Isolates7
Isolates belonging to serotypes 3 and 18C that were 100% sensitive to penicillin were significantly less competent than isolates belonging to serotypes 6B, 14, 19F, 9V, and 23F, which were frequently resistant to penicillin. (cdc.gov)
Our aims in this study were to compare competence among clinical isolates of various serotypes and to increase our understanding of the role of competence in penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae. (cdc.gov)
We examined the distribution of the pilus islet, using the presence of the rlrA gene as a marker for the locus, among a collection of invasive isolates recovered in Portugal and analyzed its association with capsular serotypes, clusters defined by the pulsed-field gel electrophoretic profiles (PFGE) and multilocus sequence types. (biomedcentral.com)
The rates of clonal complex 90 (CC90) and CC386 among the oral-penicillin-nonsusceptible isolates decreased over the years, whereas the rates of CC855 and CC3173 increased. (biomedcentral.com)
Another study in Korea demonstrated that some serogroup 6 isolates encode distinctive cps (capsular) loci, differing from those of most other serogroup 6 isolates. (biomedcentral.com)
In the present study, we report the STs of all the serogroup 6 isolates and an association between the STs and antibiotic resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Four isolates were penicillin G-resistant and 73% of those penicillin G-susceptible showed a minimum inhibitory concentration from 0.064 μg/mL to 0.25 μg/mL. (bmj.com)
Antibiotics6
MRSA is any strain of S. aureus that has developed (through natural selection) or acquired (through horizontal gene transfer) a multiple drug resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
Beta-lactam (β-lactam) antibiotics are a broad-spectrum group that include some penams (penicillin derivatives such as methicillin and oxacillin) and cephems such as the cephalosporins. (wikipedia.org)
Further researches confirm the presence of this operon on transposons element, conjugative plasmid and chromosomes which confers the bacteria with ability to survive mercury contamination and also confers the antibiotic resistance towards some antibiotics 5,6 . (microbiologyjournal.org)
Our findings indicate that rational application of antibiotics is indispensable for minimizing widespread of drug resistance. (frontiersin.org)
We collected draft genome sequence data and associated metadata data on 76 N. gonorrhoeae strains from around the globe and searched for known determinants of antibiotics resistance within the strains. (peerj.com)
Strains with resistance phenotypes to more recent antibiotics ( azithromycin and cefixime ) were mostly found in two of the five population subgroups. (peerj.com)
Virulence3
Therefore, investigating how competent pneumococci can be for genetic transformation is useful because this factor plays a role in the evolution of S. pneumoniae, especially with respect to virulence and antimicrobial drug resistance ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
We identified GPSC9 to be a strain of concern due to its high prevalence in disease, multidrug resistance, and ability to switch to an unencapsulated phenotype via insertion of virulence factor pspC into the cps locus. (cdc.gov)
S. aureus is a major cause of nosocomial infections due to its ability to produce many virulence factors and to develop multiple drug resistance [ 2 , 3 ]. (walshmedicalmedia.com)
Strains3
S. aureus is one of the leading pathogens for deaths associated with antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), is a worldwide problem in clinical medicine . (mdwiki.org)
Confirmation of Phenotypes of Tester Strains: The phenotypes of the tester strains used in the bacterial reverse mutation assays with regard to membrane permeability (rfa), UV sensitivity (uvrA and uvrB), ampicillin resistance (amp), as well as spontaneous mutation frequencies are checked regularly according to Ames et al. (europa.eu)
High levels of recombination could confound studies of the gonococcal populations, especially if the studies are based on few genetic loci within strains as compared to the entire genomes. (peerj.com)
Clonal1
Over 90% of VREfs belonged to L1-L3, with resistance acquired and lost multiple times in L1 and L2, but only once followed by clonal expansion in L3. (nature.com)
Drug resistance3
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct group of cells within cancerous tissue that possess the ability to initiate tumorigenesis and exhibit potency, self-renewal, and drug resistance. (bmrat.org)
A. baumannii is developing into multidrug resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR), and pandrug resistant (PDR) bacteria, and its adaptation to the environment with drug resistance has previously been reported ( Durante-Mangoni and Zarrilli, 2011 ). (frontiersin.org)
The report also includes a summary on the status of drug resistance for TB, HIV and malaria. (who.int)
Genetic1
These massive rearrangements suggest that there might not be single driver mutations, but that the quantitative alterations in cellular traits associated with malignant transformation is distributed among multiple genetic loci. (biomedcentral.com)
Streptococcus1
In this study, we defined the population biology of serogroup 6 Streptococcus pneumoniae collected in China and their antibiotic resistance profiles. (biomedcentral.com)
However, doctors discovered that the use of penicillin could cure S. aureus infections. (mdwiki.org)
Quantitative1
For my PhD research so far, I've identified a heritable difference in how quickly two 11Peromyscus species begin nesting and have done a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping experiment to identify regions of the genome that are associated with this behavioral difference," Lewarch said. (harvard.edu)
Confer resistance1
The NCSE later admits that "Explore Evolution then says mutations do confer resistance but with a 'fitness cost. (exploreevolution.com)
Widespread1
Unfortunately, by the end of the 1940s, penicillin resistance became widespread amongst this bacterium population and outbreaks of the resistant strain began to occur. (mdwiki.org)
Antimicrobial drug1
Vancomycin is the first-line antimicrobial drug for enterococci with high-level resistance to ampicillin or for patients with penicillin allergy. (nature.com)
Insulin resistance6
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is hallmarked by insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and increased hepatic glucose production. (diabetesjournals.org)
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder involving a combination of insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and increased hepatic glucose production ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Insufcient adipose lipid storage is asso- ciated with many pathological conditions including hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes. (deepdyve.com)
Adipocyte Senp2 deciency resulted in less adipose lipid storage accompanied by an ectopic fat accumulation and insulin resistance under high-fat diet feed- ing. (deepdyve.com)
These processes to severe lipodystrophy and induces insulin resistance in mice (He et al. (deepdyve.com)
This mouse also showed an ectopic lipid inammation indicates that HFD induced adipocyte death would distribution and insulin resistance. (deepdyve.com)
Prediction1
Phenotypic tests confirmed the array-based typing results and corroborate that the selected probes allowed correct typing and prediction of major antibiotic resistances of clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae , including the subspecies level, e.g. the reliable distinction of different E. coli pathotypes. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanisms3
The NCSE then launches into a lengthy discussion of the history and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. (exploreevolution.com)
The NCSE is to be complimented for its understanding of this process, however EE's coverage of antibiotic resistance is in full agreement with their discussion, except for the fact that EE , because of its target audience, only covers certain types of mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. (exploreevolution.com)
reported the dissemination of MDR OXA-23-producing A. baumannii clones throughout multiple cities in China, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of resistance to carbapenems in western China. (frontiersin.org)
Gene2
The NCSE further alleges that according to EE , "a 'resistance gene' does not develop through mutation. (exploreevolution.com)
not only does the phrase "resistance gene" (which the NCSE directly attributes to EE ) exist nowhere in the textbook, but EE also nowhere implies that antibiotic resistance "does not develop through mutation. (exploreevolution.com)
Genome1
Recent genome-wide association studies have revealed strong associations between the CDKN2A/B locus and T2D risk. (diabetesjournals.org)
Mutation2
A. The NCSE Claims that According to EE , "Antibiotic resistance is just selection of pre-existing variability" without a Requirement for Mutation, but in fact the NCSE Misrepresents EE on this Point. (exploreevolution.com)
In another section on antibiotic resistance where EE describes "The neo-Darwinian Mutation Scenario," the textbook explains that "mutations in the DNA sometimes modify this program. (exploreevolution.com)
Compounds2
One approach to overcoming resistance is to discover compounds that inhibit AR in alternative ways. (aacrjournals.org)
hOAT3 interacted with chemically heterogeneous anionic compounds, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, diuretics, sulfobromophthalein, penicillin G, bile salts and tetraethyl ammonium bromide. (aspetjournals.org)
Patients2
Clinically approved AR antagonists compete with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) for binding to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of AR, and patients eventually develop resistance to these treatments. (aacrjournals.org)
As a result of antibiotic resistance, there are now limited options for treating patients. (peerj.com)
Deaths1
It caused more than 100,000 deaths attributable to antimicrobial resistance in 2019. (wikipedia.org)
Cell2
overexpression of DHX15 caused dramatic resistance to ATO-induced cell apoptosis, suggesting an important role for DHX15 in cell apoptosis. (oncotarget.com)
This is probably because the outer layer consisting mainly of mycolic acid affords enough resistance to cell lysis and/or functions as a permeability barrier against the enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
Role1
Either EE implies that mutations play a role in antibiotic resistance, or it doesn't. (exploreevolution.com)
Vital2
These cancer-inducing factors may trigger aberrations in genomic loci encoding vital oncogenes such as CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin) or/and tumor suppressers including P53 [ 4 ]. (jcancer.org)
100) EE clearly states (as it should) that mutations are a vital component of the process of antibiotic resistance, for they provide the "raw materials" upon which selection can act. (exploreevolution.com)
Data1
In its rebuttal to Explore Evolution ( EE ) on antibiotic resistance, the National Center for Science Education (NCSE) calls EE "incoherent," "deeply confused," and asserts that it "significantly misrepresents" the data. (exploreevolution.com)
Cells1
The two temperature-resistant mutants seem to carry suppressor mutations that rendered cells temperature-resistance and abolished L-glutamate overproduction. (biomedcentral.com)
Selection2
The NCSE alleges that according to EE , "[a]ntibiotic resistance is just selection of pre-existing variability. (exploreevolution.com)
We already know the answer, but it's worth noting that the NCSE's response is self-contradictory, and the NCSE's admissions defeat its own arguments, misrepresenting EE by claiming that the textbook says that antibiotic resistance is "just selection. (exploreevolution.com)
Responsible1
It is generally believed that OXA-23 is responsible for carbapenem antibiotic resistance. (frontiersin.org)