• Six neuromodulators [proctolin, Cancer borealis tachykinin-related peptide Ia, crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), red pigment-concentrating hormone, TNRNFLRFamide, and pilocarpine] converge onto the same voltage-dependent inward current in stomatogastric ganglion (STG) neurons of the crab C. borealis . (jneurosci.org)
  • Using the dynamic clamp, we introduced an artificial peptide-elicited current into the PD and PY neurons, in the presence of CCAP, and converted the CCAP rhythm into a rhythm that was statistically similar to that seen in proctolin. (jneurosci.org)
  • Specifically, we found that by introducing an artificial peptide-activated current into two cells that do not respond to CCAP but do respond to proctolin we could convert the CCAP rhythm into a proctolin-like rhythm. (jneurosci.org)
  • For example, the sensory cells in the lobster oval organ, a stretch receptor organ of the second maxilla, are sensitive to their endogenous peptide proctolin, which affects the receptor potential and the spike generation ( Pasztor and Bush, 1989 ). (biologists.com)
  • Sensory and neurosecretory innervation of the leech excretory system (34 nephridia with their associated bladders) is accomplished by 34 peripheral neurones, the nephridial nerve cells (NNCs), which monitor the extracellular Cl − concentration ( Wenning, 1989 ) and contain the tetrapeptide FMRFamide (Wenning et al . (biologists.com)
  • The dendritic projections in the nephridium are both sensory and neurosecretory and extend between the basal infoldings of the urine-secreting cells ( Wenning and Cahill, 1986 ). (biologists.com)