Phospholipase C zeta undergoes dynamic changes in its pattern of localization in sperm during capacitation and the acrosome reaction. (ox.ac.uk)
Next, we used hamster and mouse models to investigate the localization of PLC zeta in non-capacitated and capacitated sperm and in sperm treated with ionophore to induce the acrosome reaction. (ox.ac.uk)
CONCLUSION(S): Phospholipase C zeta is localized to acrosomal and post-acrosomal regions and undergoes dynamic changes during capacitation and the acrosome reaction, indicating a potential role regulating not only egg activation but other sperm functions. (ox.ac.uk)
Interestingly, F-actin depolymerization was also associated with a correct acrosome repositioning, thus to favor a proper acrosome reaction onset, with changes in sperm nuclear size parameters and histone acetylation rate reaching high-quality conditions. (ijbs.com)
In mammalian spermatozoa, actin represents the most abundant cytoskeletal protein localized in sperm head which actively participates in several structural and biochemical functions such as: i) head shaping occurring during spermiogenesis, ii) sperm capacitation and iii) acrosome reaction (AR) [ 1 - 4 ]. (ijbs.com)
During the female tract transit, spermatozoa undergo a series of biochemical and functional changes, known as capacitation [ 1 ], that prepare the cells for an ultimate exocytosis event called acrosome reaction. (biomedcentral.com)
Cofactor for acrosome reaction-inducing substance (Co-ARIS) is a steroidal saponin from the starfishAsterias amurensis. (elsevierpure.com)
Saponins exist in many plants and few animals as self-defensive chemicals, but Co-ARIS has been identified as a cofactor for inducing the acrosome reaction (AR). (elsevierpure.com)
The objective of the present study is to identify and localize syntaxin in bovine epididymal spermatozoa and to determine the fate of syntaxin 2 during the acrosome reaction. (ommegaonline.org)
The mammalian sperm acrosome reaction entails extensive fusion between the periacrosomal plasma membrane and the outer acrosomal membrane, with the release of hydrolases which function in sperm penetration through the zona pellucida [1-3] . (ommegaonline.org)
Following the acrosome reaction the fused hybrid membrane complex remains adherent to the zona surface, [4] and the newly exposed inner acrosomal membrane of the spermatozoon functions as the limiting membrane or plasma membrane equivalent [1] . (ommegaonline.org)
These diverse functions performed by the acrosomal segment during fertilization reveal the importance of identifying the specific signaling events and protein constituents which initiate and regulate the membrane fusion process of the acrosome reaction and prepare spermatozoa to fuse with the egg. (ommegaonline.org)
The acrosome reaction is analogous to regulated exocytosis in somatic cells in that both are initiated by ligand acting at the plasma membrane, both require activation of signaling pathways and ion channels, both are Ca 2+ -dependent and both result in the fusion of the plasma membrane with the membrane of a docked secretory granule (acrosome) [2,9,10] . (ommegaonline.org)
In contrast to the sperm acrosome reaction, the secretory pathway of somatic cells has received detailed characterization in recent years and a great deal has been learned of the processes regulating vesicle docking and fusion with the plasma membrane. (ommegaonline.org)
Although the members of these protein families are widely distributed among various types of somatic cells [10,11] , it is not known whether related proteins function in the acrosome reaction. (ommegaonline.org)
Arun S, Burawa J, Sukhorum W, Sampannang A, Maneenin C, Iamsaard S. Chronic restraint stress induces sperm acrosome reaction and changes in testicular tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in rats. (mfu.ac.th)
AZP-Ab and its association with ASA in quired to activate the acrosome reaction [ 1 ]. (who.int)
In this paper, we describe the capacitation phenotype of sperm lacking the long isoform of β1,4-galactosyltransferase I (GalT I), a sperm surface protein that functions as a receptor for the zona pellucida glycoprotein, ZP3, and as an inducer of the acrosome reaction following ZP3-dependent aggregation. (biologists.com)
The post-acrosomal localization, which became more evident after capacitation and was maintained after ionophore treatment, is in line with PLC zeta being the endogenous agent of egg activation. (ox.ac.uk)
In addition to its PRKA-dependent effects, different studies have clearly demonstrated that cAMP also activates EPAC ( E xchange P roteins directly A ctivated by c AMP) during capacitation and acrosome exocytosis [ 15 - 17 ]. (plos.org)
By contrast, GalT I-null sperm behave as though they are precociously capacitated, in that they demonstrate maximal binding to the zona pellucida and greatly increased sensitivity to ionophore-induced acrosome reactions without undergoing capacitation in vitro. (biologists.com)
Exocytosis1
Binding to the zona pellucida clusters the sperm receptor, activating intracellular signaling cascades that stimulate the exocytosis of the acrosome. (biologists.com)
Protein localization1
Subcellular localization critically influences protein function, and cells control protein localization to regulate biological processes. (elifesciences.org)
Zona pellucida2
The glycosylated mature peptide is one of the structural components of the zona pellucida and functions in secondary binding and penetration of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. (nih.gov)
Localization and functional importance of a conserved zona pellucida 2 protein domain in the human and bovine ovary using monoclonal anti-ZP2 peptide antibodies. (nih.gov)
ACTIN2
In our work, we characterized subcellular organization of F-actin in human high- and low-quality spermatozoa (A- and B-SPZ), respectively, showing that F-actin over-expression in sperm head of B-SPZ affected IZUMO1 localization. (ijbs.com)
In conclusion, the current work shows a key role of F-actin in the control of IZUMO1 localization as well as chromatin remodeling and acetylation events. (ijbs.com)
Spermatozoa6
The objective of this study was to identify the PDE10A isoforms expressed in the testis and germ cells, and to determine the presence and localization of PDE10A in mature spermatozoa. (plos.org)
We also reveal using a combination of immunological techniques and proteomics analytical tools that the PDE10A isoform X4 is present in the area of the developing acrosome of spermatids and of the acrosome of mature spermatozoa. (plos.org)
Goupil S, Maréchal L, El Hajj H, Tremblay M-È, Richard FJ, Leclerc P (2016) Identification and Localization of the Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 10A in Bovine Testis and Mature Spermatozoa. (plos.org)
Besides, sperm proteases involved in penetration are likely to be located either in the surface of the plasma membrane or in the acrosome, since during penetration spermatozoa remain associated to ZP components by receptors located in the inner acrosomal membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
Type 1 is classified as total globozoospermia owing to the absence of spermatozoa with an acrosome in the spermatozoon. (jri.ir)
VCP was distinguished within the sperm mitochondrial sheath each earlier than and after the extract co-incubation and was additionally detected within the acrosome and postacrosomal sheath and the subacrosomal layer of the spermatozoa co-incubated with extraction buffer as management. (eqalix.com)
Subcellular localization2
Protein function is critically determined by subcellular localization, as organelles offer different chemical environments and interaction partners. (elifesciences.org)
In order to regulate protein activity, many biological processes involve changes in protein subcellular localization. (elifesciences.org)
Spermatogenesis1
Complementary with the binding of SQSTM1 and VCP to sperm mitochondria, two sperm-borne pro-mitophagy proteins, parkin co-regulated gene product (PACRG) and spermatogenesis related 18, underwent localization modifications after extract coincubation, which had been according to their degradation noticed inside fertilized porcine oocytes. (eqalix.com)
Membrane4
Localization of low-density detergent-resistant membrane proteins in intact and acrosome-reacted mouse sperm. (umassmed.edu)
The acrosome contains enzymes that break down the outer membrane of an egg cell, allowing the sperm to fertilize the egg. (medlineplus.gov)
Without an acrosome, the abnormal sperm are unable to get through the outer membrane of an egg cell to fertilize it, leading to infertility in affected men. (medlineplus.gov)
The equatorial segment of the acrosome underlies the domain of the sperm that fuses with the egg membrane during fertilization. (bioone.org)
Mammalian2
This review aims to provide insights into the structure, localization, and function of the mammalian CatSper channel, primarily human and mice. (123dok.net)
In the present study, we investigated the localization of PRKRA in the mammalian testis by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic techniques. (hindawi.com)
Acrosomal2
Light microscopic immunofluorescent observations revealed that during acrosome biogenesis ESP first appears in the nascent acrosomal vesicle in early round spermatids and subsequently segregates to the periphery of the expanding acrosomal vesicle, thereby defining a peripheral equatorial segment compartment within flattened acrosomal vesicles and in the acrosomes of early and late cap phase, elongating, and mature spermatids. (bioone.org)
Based on these observations, we propose a new model of acrosome biogenesis in which the equatorial segment is defined as a discrete domain within the acrosomal vesicle as early as the Golgi phase of acrosome biogenesis. (bioone.org)
Biogenesis1
In particular, sperm head shaping, that coincides with acrosome biogenesis process, is supported by the acroplaxome, a nucleo-skeletal structure which not only anchors the acrosome to the nuclear envelope, ensuring its correct positioning, but also provides a mechanical scaffold plate during the nuclear shaping of the spermatid. (ijbs.com)
Globozoospermia1
The sperm cells of males with globozoospermia, however, have a round head and no acrosome. (medlineplus.gov)
We have raised an antiserum to VCY2 and used it to characterize the localization of VCY2 in human testis. (bioone.org)
Maturation2
The DPY19L2 protein is involved in the development of the acrosome and elongation of the sperm head, which are integral steps in sperm cell maturation. (medlineplus.gov)
As a major part of differentiation, sperm undergo extensive post-meiotic maturation en route to the oocyte. (silverchair.com)
Proteins3
We initially used maps statically to generate a database with localization and absolute copy number information for over 8700 proteins from HeLa cells, approaching comprehensive coverage. (elifesciences.org)
Previously, we investigated the localization of several nuage-resident proteins in the nuage structures of spermatogenic cells by immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) [ 22 - 26 ]. (hindawi.com)
Sukhorum W , Iamsaard S. Changes of testicular function proteins and sperm acrosome status in rats treated with valproic acid. (mfu.ac.th)
Sperm head1
A recurrent deletion of DPY19L2 causes infertility in man by blocking sperm head elongation and acrosome formation. (medlineplus.gov)
Phospholipase2
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the localization of phospholipase C zeta (PLC zeta) in non-capacitated, capacitated, and ionophore-treated sperm. (ox.ac.uk)
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Phospholipase C zeta localization in non-capacitated, capacitated, and ionophore-treated sperm. (ox.ac.uk)
Expression1
Olabarrieta E, Totorikaguena L, Matorras R, Agirregoitia E, Agirregoitia N. Delta and kappa opioid receptors in human endometrium during the menstrual cycle: Expression and localization. (biocruces.com)
Investigate1
This study was designed to investigate localization of ABH antigens on the inner surface of human tooth hard tissues. (go.jp)
Periacrosomal1
Co-ARIS treatment did not reduce the content of sperm sterols, however, the condition was changed and localization of GM1 ganglioside on the periacrosomal region disappeared. (elsevierpure.com)
Cell1
On the other hand, localization of epitopes on intrinsic dentine without cell components could not be visualized. (go.jp)
Department1
Department developed a low cost but sensitive acrosome staining Coomasie blue technique. (edu.in)
RESULT1
As a result, sperm cells have no acrosome and do not elongate properly. (medlineplus.gov)