AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesInformation ScienceHealth Care
Mushroom BodiesDrosophilaNeuropilDrosophila ProteinsDrosophila melanogasterOlfactory PathwaysSmellAnimals, Genetically ModifiedOdorsMetamorphosis, BiologicalMushroom PoisoningNeuronsLarvaAxonsAgaricalesConditioning, ClassicalMemoryShiitake MushroomsBeesInsect ProteinsFruiting Bodies, FungalPupaTemporal LobeOptic Lobe, NonmammalianMutationEmbryo, NonmammalianEpilepsy, Temporal LobeGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalMolecular Sequence DataMemory, Long-TermSense OrgansBrain
NeuronsMelanogasterKenyonSynaptic2020InterneuronsAdult mushroom bodyBehaviorLearned behaviorsOptic-lobePlasticityDopaminergicInsectNeural stemOdorAversiveBrainNeuromuscularBehavioralCharacterizationSubesophagealBrainsNeuronalFliesProteinDeficitsExpressionMeSHDefectsMemoryGenetic2021CorrelatesHormoneCircuit
Neurons29
  • Here, we focused our attention on the mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) of the γ-lobes that act as downstream synaptic partners of the MB γ-Kenyon cells (KCs) to ask how the output of the MB γ-lobe is shaped by olfactory associative conditioning, distinguishing this from non-associative stimulus exposure effects, and without the influence of downstream modulation. (nih.gov)
  • Gregg Roman, an associate professor of biology and biochemistry at UH, and Shixing Zhang, his postdoctoral associate, describe their findings in a paper titled "Presynaptic Inhibition of Gamma Lobe Neurons Is Required for Olfactory Learning in Drosophila," appearing Nov. 27 in Current Biology, a scientific bimonthly journal published by Cell Press. (uh.edu)
  • We found that these particular nerve cells - the gamma lobe neurons of the mushroom bodies in the insect brain - are activated by odors. (uh.edu)
  • Interestingly, we found that training caused the gamma lobe neurons to be more weakly activated by odors that were not paired with an electric shock, while the odors paired with electric shock maintained a strong activation of these neurons. (uh.edu)
  • Thus, the gamma lobe neurons responded more strongly to the trained odor than to the untrained odor. (uh.edu)
  • The team also showed that a specific protein - the heterotrimeric G(o) protein - is naturally involved in inhibiting gamma lobe neurons. (uh.edu)
  • Roman says removing the activity of this protein only within the gamma lobe neurons resulted in a loss of the memory trace and, thus, poor learning. (uh.edu)
  • The significance of using fruit flies is that while their brain structure is much simpler with far fewer neurons, the mushroom body is analogous to the perirhinal cortex in humans, which serves the same function of sensory integration and learning. (uh.edu)
  • The mushroom body intrinsic Kenyon cells are believed to store the memory in the synaptic connection to mushroom body output neurons. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • It seems likely that in the case of food intake mushroom body extrinsic neurons undergo adaptive changes, while Kenyon cells do not change morphologically. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • 40 water-responsive dopaminergic neurons that innervate a restricted zone of the mushroom body γ lobe. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Naive water-seeking behavior in thirsty flies did not require water taste but relied on another subset of water-responsive dopaminergic neurons that target the mushroom body β' lobe. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the locust, olfactory information is sent from peripheral olfactory organs to the antennal lobe (AL) and is then carried as the oscillatory output of a synchronized population of projection neurons (PNs) ( Wehr and Laurent, 1996 ) to two higher olfactory centers. (jneurosci.org)
  • During olfactory learning in fruit flies, dopaminergic neurons assign value to odor representations in the mushroom body Kenyon cells. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • Here we identify a class of downstream glutamatergic mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) called M4/6, or MBON-β2β'2a, MBON-β'2mp, and MBON-γ5β'2a, whose dendritic fields overlap with dopaminergic neuron projections in the tips of the β, β', and γ lobes. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • Like that of mushroom body neurons, M4/6 output is required for expression of appetitive and aversive memory performance. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • In Drosophila melanogaster , or the fruit fly, odour information is first passed from sensory neurons on their antennae and mouthparts to olfactory projection neurons in the antennal lobe, a first processing center similar to our olfactory bulb. (researchpod.org)
  • Mutation in the Drosophila retained/dead ringer ( retn ) gene leads to female behavioral defects and alters a limited set of neurons in the CNS. (sdbonline.org)
  • Neural defects of retn mutant cells include mushroom body ß-lobe fusion and pathfinding errors by photoreceptor and subesophageal neurons. (sdbonline.org)
  • Silva B, Mantha OL, Schor J,Pascual A, Plaçais PY, Pavlowsky A* , Preat T* (2022) Glia fuel neurons with locally synthesized ketone bodies to sustain memory under starvation. (espci.fr)
  • Dunce phosphodiesterase acts as a checkpoint for drosophila long-term memory in a pair of serotonergic neurons. (espci.fr)
  • Mushroom body output neurons encode valence and guide memory-based action selection in Drosophila. (espci.fr)
  • Two pairs of mushroom body efferent neurons are required for appetitive long-term memory retrieval in Drosophila. (espci.fr)
  • Drosophila type II neuroblasts (NBs), like mammalian neural stem cells, deposit neurons through intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) that can each produce a series of neurons. (biologists.com)
  • We show that while queen mandibular pheromone is processed by l-ALT (lateral antennal lobe tract) neurons and brood pheromone is mainly processed by m-ALT (median antennal lobe tract) neurons, worker pheromones induce redundant activity in both pathways. (jneurosci.org)
  • B: Five visible cell bodies of unidentified neurons marked with a blue circle in the left hemisphere. (brembs.net)
  • C: Unidentified neurons projecting into structures outside of the optic lobes especially the ventral lateral protocerebrum. (brembs.net)
  • With the focus on dopaminergic neurons, I conducted two experiments with two different driver lines to see how the naive gustatory behavior in Drosophila larvae is affected. (brembs.net)
  • This study investigated the role of miR-34 in two other types of large-scale axon degeneration in Drosophila: axotomy-induced axon degeneration in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and developmentally related axon pruning in mushroom body (MB) neurons. (sdbonline.org)
Melanogaster7
  • Here we show that thirst converts water avoidance into water-seeking in naive Drosophila melanogaster. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We used Drosophila melanogaster to explore the consequences of developmental BPA exposure on gene expression, cognitive function, and synapse development. (bvsalud.org)
  • Terrestrial locomotion is an important mode of translocation for Drosophila melanogaster flies as searching for food in the near-field and courtship occur during walking. (nature.com)
  • To address these questions, we examined activity in the neuropil thought to be responsible for visual motion detection, the medulla, of Drosophila melanogaster in response to a range of visual stimuli using two-photon calcium imaging. (janelia.org)
  • The Long 3′UTR mRNA of CaMKII Is Essential for Translation-Dependent Plasticity of Spontaneous Release in Drosophila melanogaster. (tcd.ie)
  • MicroRNA-34 ( miR-34 ) is crucial for preventing chronic large-scale neurite degeneration in the aged brain of Drosophila melanogaster. (sdbonline.org)
  • This study examined the roles of hormone-dependent transcription factors (Nuclear Receptors), in accessory gland development, function and male fertility of a genetically tractable insect model, Drosophila melanogaster. (sdbonline.org)
Kenyon7
  • Furthermore, analysis of Kenyon cell innervations within functionally specialized compartments of the γ lobe revealed no compartment-specific Kenyon cell subtypes. (uni-goettingen.de)
  • From there, information is transduced to so-called Kenyon cells in the mushroom bodies. (researchpod.org)
  • Decades of research have revealed that in the insect brain, odours evoke activity in small groups of Kenyon cells of the mushroom body. (researchpod.org)
  • A: 4 PPM 2 DANs per hemisphere marked with blue circles, three clusters of Kenyon cell bodies per hemisphere marked with white arrows. (brembs.net)
  • Strong fluorescence of cell bodies of the Kenyon cells projecting into the Mushroom bodies is visible. (brembs.net)
  • Lar mutants and Lar / sns transhets have identical axon guidance defects in the larval mushroom body in which Kenyon cell axons fail to stop at the midline and do not branch. (sciety.org)
  • Pupal Kenyon cell axon guidance is similarly affected, resulting in adult mushroom body defects. (sciety.org)
Synaptic1
  • Choudhury SD, Mushtaq Z, Reddy-Alla S, Balakrishnan SS, Thakur RS, Krishnan KS, Raghu P, Ramaswami M, Kumar V. σ2-Adaptin Facilitates Basal Synaptic Transmission and Is Required for Regenerating Endo-Exo Cycling Pool Under High-Frequency Nerve Stimulation in Drosophila. (tcd.ie)
20204
  • Turrel O, Rabah Y, Plaçais PY, Goguel V, Preat T. (2020) Drosophila Middle-Term Memory: Amnesiac is Required for PKA Activation in the Mushroom Bodies, a Function Modulated by Neprilysin 1. (espci.fr)
  • 2020). There is one of these per hemisphere, it fasciculates with the medial antennal lobe tract and it is cholinergic (Bates et al. (virtualflybrain.org)
  • 2020). It projects to the mushroom body calyx and the lateral horn (Marin et al. (virtualflybrain.org)
  • 2020). Mapped to MZ_lvPN based on body ID in Marin et al. (virtualflybrain.org)
Interneurons4
  • expression analysis guided us to C2 optic-lobe interneurons. (nature.com)
  • Identification of a Single Pair of Interneurons for Bitter Taste Processing in the Drosophila Brain. (unibas.ch)
  • Identification and structural characterization of interneurons of the Drosophila brain by monoclonal antibodies of the Würzburg hybridoma library. (tcd.ie)
  • Cassar M, Sunderhaus E, Wentzell JS, Kuntz S, Strauss R, Kretzschmar D. The PKA-C3 catalytic subunit is required in two pairs of interneurons for successful mating of Drosophila. (ucdenver.edu)
Adult mushroom body1
  • Amnesiac is required in the adult mushroom body for memory formation. (espci.fr)
Behavior3
  • GABAergic inhibition of leg motoneurons is required for normal walking behavior in freely moving Drosophila. (unibas.ch)
  • Motor control of Drosophila feeding behavior. (unibas.ch)
  • Social communication of predator-induced changes in Drosophila behavior and germline physiology. (tcd.ie)
Learned behaviors1
  • In insects, this process is localized to the mushroom body (MB), the circuitry of which facilitates the coincident detection of sensory stimuli and punishing or rewarding cues and, downstream, the execution of appropriate learned behaviors. (nih.gov)
Optic-lobe1
  • Lastly, R7 photoreceptor axons in Lar mutants and Lar/sns transhets fail to innervate the correct M6 layer of the medulla in the optic lobe. (sciety.org)
Plasticity3
  • Glomerulus-Selective Regulation of a Critical Period for Interneuron Plasticity in the Drosophila Antennal Lobe. (tcd.ie)
  • Implications of the Sap47 null mutation for synapsin phosphorylation, longevity, climbing proficiency and behavioural plasticity in adult Drosophila. (tcd.ie)
  • Plasticity of recurrent inhibition in the Drosophila antennal lobe. (tcd.ie)
Dopaminergic1
  • A GABAergic feedback shapes dopaminergic input on the Drosophila mushroom body to promote appetitive long-term memory. (espci.fr)
Insect2
  • The word "insect" (from Latin īnsectum "incised") was Germanized in the 18th century and therefore means "incised (animal)", which refers to the strongly separated body parts. (zxc.wiki)
  • Depending on their way of life, the body of the insect can be elongated, flattened or more or less spherical. (zxc.wiki)
Neural stem1
  • The splicing co-factor Barricade/Tat-SF1, is required for cell cycle and lineage progression in Drosophila neural stem cells. (unibas.ch)
Odor2
  • While this MBON did not undergo non-associative modulation, the reverse was true across the remainder of the γ-lobe, where general odor-evoked adaptation was observed, but no conditioned odor-specific modulation. (nih.gov)
  • Training the flies to associate an odor with an electric shock changed how these cells responded to odors by developing a modification in gamma lobe neuron activity, known as a memory trace," he said. (uh.edu)
Aversive1
  • Two independent mushroom body output circuits retrieve the six discrete components of Drosophila aversive memory. (espci.fr)
Brain4
Neuromuscular1
  • This paper claims to identify a long-sought ligand for the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase Lar that mediates its functions in neuromuscular junction development, mushroom body development, and photoreceptor axon targeting. (sciety.org)
Behavioral4
  • Drosophila represents the Goldilocks principle of neural research, with sufficient behavioral complexity, while maintaining a huge advantage in neural simplicity," Roman said. (uh.edu)
  • Additionally, Drosophila has the most powerful genetic toolkit available for behavioral experimentation. (uh.edu)
  • Nizinska K, Szydlowska K, Vouros A, Kiryk A, Stepniak A, Vasilaki E & Lukasiuk K (2021) Behavioral characteristics as potential biomarkers of the development and phenotype of epilepsy in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy . (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Visual motion speed determines a behavioral switch from forward flight to expansion avoidance in Drosophila. (janelia.org)
Characterization2
  • Identification and functional characterization of muscle satellite cells in Drosophila. (unibas.ch)
  • Structured inquiry-based learning: Drosophila GAL4 enhancer trap characterization in an undergraduate laboratory course. (ucdenver.edu)
Subesophageal1
  • Adult unilateral, uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron from the ALlv1 (BAlp4) neuroblast lineage with dendrites that mainly innervate antennal lobe glomerulus VP2 and also extend into the dorsal subesophageal zone (Bates et al. (virtualflybrain.org)
Brains2
  • Roman and Zhang set about to unravel some of these mysteries by studying the brains of fruit flies (Drosophila). (uh.edu)
  • The mushroom bodies are higher-order structures of arthropod brains that integrate incoming sensory information with positive or negative experiences, such as rewards or punishments. (researchpod.org)
Neuronal2
  • Exposure to sulfoxaflor led to sparse increases in neuronal apoptosis, localized primarily in the optic lobes, however there was no effect of imidacloprid. (frontiersin.org)
  • Glial and neuronal Semaphorin signaling instruct the development of a functional myotopic map for Drosophila walking. (unibas.ch)
Flies1
  • Drosophila CHCHD2 ( dCHCHD2 ) knockout flies exhibit PD-like phenotypes in an age-dependent manner, which include dysfunction in motor ability, DA neuron loss, increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial cristae degeneration 2 . (nature.com)
Protein3
  • The Full-Length Form of the Drosophila Amyloid Precursor Protein Is Involved in Memory Formation. (espci.fr)
  • A C-terminal ataxin-2 disordered region promotes Huntingtin protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in Drosophila models of Huntington's disease. (tcd.ie)
  • A genome-wide resource for the analysis of protein localisation in Drosophila. (tcd.ie)
Deficits1
  • Drosophila neprilysin 1 rescues memory deficits caused by amyloid-β peptide. (espci.fr)
Expression1
MeSH1
  • Mushroom Bodies" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
Defects1
  • To test the basis for defects in patterning, genes required for segment formation in the Drosophila embryo were examined. (sdbonline.org)
Memory7
  • Communication from Learned to Innate Olfactory Processing Centers Is Required for Memory Retrieval in Drosophila. (espci.fr)
  • Ingestion of artificial sweeteners leads to caloric frustration memory in Drosophila. (espci.fr)
  • Upregulated energy metabolism in the Drosophila mushroom body is the trigger for long-term memory. (espci.fr)
  • Drosophila neprilysins are involved in middle-term and long-term memory. (espci.fr)
  • Delayed dopamine signaling of energy level builds appetitive long-term memory in Drosophila. (espci.fr)
  • Abdelrahman NY, Vasilaki E & Lin AC (2021) Compensatory variability in network parameters enhances memory performance in the Drosophila mushroom body . (sheffield.ac.uk)
  • Kacsoh BZ, Greene CS, Bosco G. Machine Learning Analysis Identifies Drosophila Grunge/Atrophin as an Important Learning and Memory Gene Required for Memory Retention and Social Learning. (ucdenver.edu)
Genetic1
  • Drosophila, are significant due to its high genetic tractability together with high degree of conservation with humans at the genetic and cellular levels. (gitlab.io)
20211
  • Kohn, J.R., Portes, J.P., Christenson, M.P. Abbott, L.F. and Behnia R. (2021) State and Stimulus Dependence Reconcile Motion Computation and the Drosophila Connectome. (columbia.edu)
Correlates1
Hormone3
  • In the fruit fly Drosophila, it has been suggested that nearly equal numbers of two subtypes of EEs (Allatostatin A: AstA and Diuretic hormone 31 : Dh31) are alternately produced from the intestinal stem cells in the posterior midgut. (bioone.org)
  • In Drosophila, the hormone ecdysone governs transitions between key developmental stages. (sdbonline.org)
  • First, an RNAi screen was carried out involving 19 hormone receptors, individually and specifically, in a male reproductive tissue (accessory gland) for their requirement in Drosophila male fertility. (sdbonline.org)
Circuit1