• The term ergot alkaloid refers to a diverse group of about forty different toxins which are formed by Claviceps spp. (thebeefsite.com)
  • This fungus produces the ergot responsible for the ergot alkaloid group of mycotoxins and parasitizes the seed heads of plants at the time of flowering. (thebeefsite.com)
  • These factors include twinning, hormonal deficiencies, congenital anomalies, ergot alkaloid toxicity or ingestion of tent caterpillar setae. (ontario.ca)
  • Ergotamine, a prominent ergot alkaloid, is an agonist of the Serotonin 2B receptor subtypes (5-HT2BR), which are found in the cardiovascular system. (ualberta.ca)
  • Both water hemlock and poison hemlock have caused severe poisoning in both humans and livestock. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] Poison hemlock causes skeletal deformities in the offspring of livestock that eat the plants during gestation (eg, crooked calf disease in cattle). (medscape.com)
  • Poison hemlock contains several piperidine alkaloid toxins (namely coniine) that are structurally similar to nicotine. (medscape.com)
  • Dwight Lingenfelter, an extension associate in weed science with Penn State Extension, says poison hemlock contains several pyridine alkaloids that are toxic to livestock at relatively small concentrations. (hayandforage.com)
  • In most cases, however, wisteria is poisonous to livestock as well as many types of wildlife due to the high amount of alkaloids it contains which can lead to death if consumed in large enough quantities over long periods of time. (goatreboot.com)
  • Potatoes are an excellent energy source for ruminant livestock (cattle and sheep) but the presence of anti-nutritional factors, as well as the difficulty in digesting potato starch make raw potatoes low in feed value for pigs. (gnb.ca)
  • The poisonous compounds are alkaloids which cause cattle diseases, neoplasms, and liver damage and are used to produce cancers in experimental animals. (bvsalud.org)
  • Locoweeds are Astragalus and Oxytropis species that contain the toxic alkaloid swainsonine, causing widespread poisoning of livestock in Inner Mongolia. (usda.gov)
  • Ergot alkaloids (also named ergolines) exert toxic effects in all animal species, and the most prominent toxic signs can be attributed to the interaction of ergot alkaloids with adrenergic, serotinergic and dopaminergic receptors. (thebeefsite.com)
  • The research involved identifying fungal species that produce locoweed toxins, assessing toxin level variations, finding biomarkers that could help pinpoint toxicity levels in animals that had consumed locoweed, assessing the effect of locoweed toxins on animal reproduction and livestock grazing preferences, and evaluating herbicide and biological control of the weed. (thecattlesite.com)
  • The Black Bean has also proved valuable as a timber species, it's seeds have been utilized - following extensive preparation as a food by Aborigines and it contains alkaloids which have been shown to have anti-HIV and anti -cancer properties. (toptropicals.com)
  • The adaptability and success of sheep are confirmed by the fact that they are the world's most diverse mammalian livestock species, contributing some 25% to the global number of farm animal breeds (Cottle, 2010). (asas.org)
  • This review presents some of the emerging and well-established plant species that are responsible for poisoning episodes in companion animals and livestock in Europe. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pimelea is a genus of about 140 plant species, some of which are well-known for causing animal poisoning resulting in significant economic losses to the Australian livestock industry. (bvsalud.org)
  • This means that neither the total alkaloid content, nor a single alkaloid can be recommended as reliable indicators of the potential adverse effects to livestock associated with the ingestion of ergot contaminated feeds. (thebeefsite.com)
  • However, it should be noted that wisteria is toxic to all livestock and ingestion of large amounts can lead to serious consequences. (goatreboot.com)
  • Information on the chemical and toxicological properties of individual ergot alkaloids is too limited at the present time for their selection as individual marker toxins when it comes to monitoring the extent of contamination. (thebeefsite.com)
  • Endophytic toxins in grasses include ergot alkaloids in tall fescue and tremorgens (e.g., lolitrem B) in perennial ryegrass. (thebeefsite.com)
  • Producers need to replant their entire pastures to reduce the potential for their livestock to fall victims to fescue toxicosis or manage toxic pastures specifically to minimize the severity of toxicosis," Andrae said. (farmprogress.com)
  • To help South Carolina livestock owners learn management techniques and how to replant their pastures with a new nontoxic novel-endophyte fescue, the Clemson Cooperative Extension Service and other institutions are teaming up with the Alliance for Grassland Renewal to hold one-day schools for producers in five states in 2018. (farmprogress.com)
  • Perennial ryegrass endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) alkaloids are frequently present in pastures containing the neurotoxin lolitrem B, together with the vaso-constrictor ergovaline, at levels associated with ryegrass staggers, heat stress, ill-thrift and lowered milk production. (thebeefsite.com)
  • During these critical periods, ranchers could preserve locoweed-free pastures for livestock grazing or else create them with appropriate herbicide treatments. (thecattlesite.com)
  • Livestock could resume grazing in locoweed-infested pastures in summer, when green grass is abundant. (thecattlesite.com)
  • However, the fungus produces alkaloids which can produce toxic effects in livestock grazing infected pastures, particularly between late spring and early winter. (equimed.com)
  • The neurotoxic condition can occur in livestock of all ages occurs in late spring, summer, and fall--only in pastures in which perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) or hybrid ryegrass are the major components. (equimed.com)
  • Scout your pastures and remove these weeds before they cause livestock health problems. (osu.edu)
  • However, results of feeding tests with grass extracts are occasionally difficult to interpret due to the presence of other endophyte alkaloids in these extracts, and the exact mechanisms of the insecticidal actions of the lolines are unknown. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, ergot alkaloids also have repellent and immobilizing effects on P. scribneri, and an endophyte of perennial ryegrass lacking lolines, and genetically engineered to produce no ergot alkaloids, exhibits resistance to this nematode. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ryegrass breeders continually search for ryegrass variety/endophyte combinations which balance palatability, persistence/hardiness, and livestock safety. (equimed.com)
  • Fescue toxicosis is problematic for ruminant livestock, causing weight loss and low productivity when fed endophyte-infected forages. (uky.edu)
  • in grasses, particularly tall fescue and perennial ryegrass, which adversely affects the health and productivity of livestock. (thebeefsite.com)
  • The researchers recommended restricting livestock access to locoweed in spring and fall, when it is relatively more palatable than dormant warm-season grasses. (thecattlesite.com)
  • With fall fast approaching, it may be time to assess potential problems that could arise when livestock are grazing, such as trees and grasses. (osu.edu)
  • The fungus produces alkaloids that are harmful to insects, ensuring better pasture persistence, but can have toxic effects in livestock when eaten in sufficient quantity. (equimed.com)
  • When livestock graze on locoweed, the plant's toxic alkaloids can sicken and sometimes kill the animals, which can cost US producers millions of dollars every year. (thecattlesite.com)
  • Do not let livestock, particularly sheep, graze fruiting plants. (nsw.gov.au)
  • Livestock may be forced to graze on weeds that normally they would not, or they may eat weeds out of curiosity. (osu.edu)
  • US - Keeping livestock away from poisonous locoweed during seasons when it's a forage favorite is one way ranchers can protect their animals and their profits, according to a 20-year collaboration by Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists and their university partners. (thecattlesite.com)
  • The scientists also suggested that supplemental nutrients could be used to tempt livestock away from locoweeds when other forage is low in nutrient quality. (thecattlesite.com)
  • Since ergot inhabits forage and seed grains, livestock have an increased risk. (ualberta.ca)
  • A perennial bunch-type grass that grows rapidly during spring and fall, the majority of tall fescue plants contain a wild fungus that produces compounds beneficial to the plants, but toxic to livestock. (farmprogress.com)
  • Hoary ragwort ( S. erucifolius ), a perennial that is similar to common ragwort and is locally common in England and Wales, also contains the poisonous alkaloids as does marsh ragwort (S. aquaticus) but neither is included in the legislation. (gardenorganic.org.uk)
  • Perennial ryegrass can cause problems for livestock and may cause two very different conditions. (equimed.com)
  • There are several neurotoxins responsible for these signs, due to the alkaloids produced in perennial and hybrid ryegrasses infected with the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium lolii. (equimed.com)
  • Coniine is a neurotoxin, which disrupts the workings of the central nervous system and is toxic to humans and all classes of livestock. (eyemead.com)
  • Festuca arundinacea, tall fescue)-also produce ergot alkaloids that are toxic to mammalian herbivores. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tall fescue is a popular grass used for grazing, hay and erosion control in the eastern United States, but experts believe this grass could be responsible for more than $1 billion per year in livestock production losses. (farmprogress.com)
  • They are alkaloids, organic compounds containing basic nitrogen atoms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The compounds created by the fungus are called "ergot alkaloids. (farmprogress.com)
  • In order to clarify the possible role of other secondary compounds from previous termAcacia berlandierinext term on non-lethal toxicities in domestic livestock, leaf samples collected in the spring and autumn were subjected to rigorous chemical analysis. (erowid.org)
  • Study of aerial parts yielded a new acyclic guanidine alkaloid, canarosine, together with five known compounds: ß-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), daucosterol (3), epi -inositol 6- O- methyl ether (4), and rutin (5). (stuartxchange.org)
  • Green tomatoes contain solanine which can be toxic to livestock and should never be fed to a goat. (goatopedia.com)
  • the objective of the study was to determine if ruminally dosed ergot alkaloids impact rumen motility. (uky.edu)
  • The ergot alkaloids occur at relatively low concentrations in the plant and are often difficult to detect analytically. (wikipedia.org)
  • Isoquinoline alkaloids - Isoquinoline alkaloids 1-Benzyl isoquinoline type: Papaverine: An opiate alkaloid isolated from the plant Papaver somniferum and produced synthetically. (powershow.com)
  • This plant so appealing to the eye is not as welcome in other body parts, however, containing potentially toxic strychnine alkaloids that can be deadly to certain animals, from honey bees who may gather its nectar, to livestock that may chew on its leaves. (charlestonfootprints.com)
  • Plant yields alkaloids, phenols, saponins. (stuartxchange.org)
  • In a short time the alkaloids produce a potentially fatal neuromuscular blockage when the respiratory muscles are affected. (eyemead.com)
  • by domestic livestock during periods of drought may result in a locomotor ataxia, as well as having negative effects on intake and male fertility. (erowid.org)
  • The ARS researchers teamed up with New Mexico State University (NMSU) scientists to study locoweed poisoning in US livestock and devise ways to minimise or prevent losses. (thecattlesite.com)
  • A member of the loline alkaloids was first isolated from the grass Lolium temulentum and its elemental composition determined in 1892. (wikipedia.org)
  • Health workers also are encouraging farmers to monitor the health of livestock that can contract the disease by eating toxic weeds. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition to the four previously detected amines, 29 other alkaloids and amines were isolated and identified by GC-MS, these including nicotine, nornicotine, mescaline, mimosine, and four amphetamines. (erowid.org)