Hepatic transaminaseSerumCirrhosisAspartate AminotransferaseInfectionIndicator of liverEnzyme testsSevereJaundicePersistentChronicElevated liver enzymesAlcoholic liver dAlcoholAcute liverPancreaticAmino acidsMyocardial infarctionCardiacDiagnosisPatientsRegimenDiseaseMildLevelsDiseasesKidneysInjuryTreatmentHeartCellMuscle
Hepatic transaminase1
- Typically, sudden and dramatic serum hepatic transaminase elevations lead to its discovery. (medscape.com)
Serum4
- The concentrations of these transaminases in the serum (the non-cellular portion of blood) are normally low. (wikipedia.org)
- These levels previously were called serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT). (wikipedia.org)
- Serum elevations of ALT activity are rarely observed except in parenchymal liver disease, since ALT is a more liver-specific enzyme than aspartate aminotransferase (AST). (cdc.gov)
- Liver injury was assessed by serum transaminase levels (ALT) and liver histology (hematoxylin and eosin). (wjgnet.com)
Cirrhosis9
- Cardiac cirrhosis (congestive hepatopathy) includes a spectrum of hepatic derangements that occur in the setting of right-sided heart failure. (medscape.com)
- Unlike cirrhosis caused by chronic alcohol use or viral hepatitis, the effect of cardiac cirrhosis on overall prognosis has not been clearly established. (medscape.com)
- Distinguishing cardiac cirrhosis from ischemic hepatitis is important. (medscape.com)
- Although cardiac cirrhosis and ischemic hepatitis arise from distinct underlying cardiac lesions (right-sided heart failure in the former and left-sided failure in the latter), in clinical practice they may present together. (medscape.com)
- Despite its name, cardiac cirrhosis (which usually implies congestive hepatopathy that results in liver fibrosis) rarely satisfies strict pathologic criteria for cirrhosis. (medscape.com)
- The terms congestive hepatopathy and chronic passive liver congestion are more accurate, but the name cardiac cirrhosis has become convention. (medscape.com)
- For the remainder of this chapter, the term cardiac cirrhosis will be used to mean congestive hepatopathy with or without liver fibrosis. (medscape.com)
- Because intrahepatic vascular lesions are confined to areas of the liver with higher fibrotic burden, cardiac cirrhosis may require a higher grade of vascular obstruction, such as intrahepatic thrombosis, for its development. (medscape.com)
- Alanine aminotransferase measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of certain liver diseases (e.g., viral hepatitis and cirrhosis) and heart diseases. (cdc.gov)
Aspartate Aminotransferase1
- Aspartate aminotransferase (glutamate oxalacetate transaminase) belongs to the transaminases, which catalyze the interconversion of amino acids and α‑ketoacids by transfer of amino groups. (unitslab.com)
Infection2
- low levels are associated with hyperthyroidism, hepatitis, and sometimes severe anemia or infection. (cdc.gov)
- INTRODUCTION - Goals of tuberculosis (TB) treatment include eradication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, preventing transmission, preventing relapse of disease, and preventing development of drug resistance [ 1-6 ]. (medilib.ir)
Indicator of liver3
- In medicine, the presence of elevated transaminases, commonly the transaminases alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), may be an indicator of liver dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
- It is currently the most sensitive enzymatic indicator of liver disease, with normal values rarely found in the presence of hepatic disease. (cdc.gov)
- AST/ALT) is a useful indicator of liver damage. (unitslab.com)
Enzyme tests2
- Other agents, such as methotrexate, can cause additive injury over time even in the absence of elevated liver enzyme tests [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Perform liver enzyme tests before initiating therapy and as clinically indicated thereafter. (nih.gov)
Severe2
- However, very high elevations of the transaminases suggests severe liver damage, such as viral hepatitis, liver injury from lack of blood flow, or injury from drugs or toxins. (wikipedia.org)
- 1.0 are indicative of severe liver disease, usually involving necrosis. (unitslab.com)
Jaundice1
- Patients may present with asymptomatic liver enzyme abnormalities, jaundice, and right upper quadrant discomfort. (medscape.com)
Persistent1
- Persistent elevations in hepatic transaminases can occur. (nih.gov)
Chronic1
- Elevated transaminases that persist less than six months are termed "acute" in nature, and those values that persist for six months or more are termed "chronic" in nature. (wikipedia.org)
Elevated liver enzymes1
- Other terms include transaminasemia, transaminitis, and elevated liver enzymes (though they are not the only enzymes in the liver). (wikipedia.org)
Alcoholic liver d2
- AST levels double or triple that of ALT are consistent with alcoholic liver disease. (wikipedia.org)
- This paper focuses on reviewing the existing data on the use of TE in the diagnosis of fibrosis and in monitoring disease progression in alcoholic liver disease, on the factors that may influence the result of fibrosis prediction, and last but not least, on its potential use in assessing the steatosis degree. (wjgnet.com)
Alcohol1
- Slight or moderate increases in AST levels may also be observed after ingestion of alcohol, or administration of drugs including penicillin, salicylates or opiates. (unitslab.com)
Acute liver1
- Agents associated with acute liver injury, such as leflunomide, may be more difficult to tolerate in this setting [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Pancreatic1
- Glucose measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic islet cell carcinoma and of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, including diabetes mellitus, neonatal hypoglycemia, and idiopathic hypoglycemia. (cdc.gov)
Amino acids1
- The liver has transaminases to synthesize and break down amino acids and to convert energy storage molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Myocardial infarction1
- Elevated levels of the transaminases can indicate myocardial infarction, hepatic disease, muscular dystrophy, or organ damage. (cdc.gov)
Cardiac1
- AST is most commonly found in the liver, but also in significant amounts in heart (cardiac) and skeletal muscle. (wikipedia.org)
Diagnosis4
- In general, any damage to the liver will cause medium elevations in these transaminases, but diagnosis requires synthesis of many pieces of information, including the patient's history, physical examination, and possibly imaging or other laboratory examinations. (wikipedia.org)
- This battery of measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of certain liver, heart, and kidney diseases, acid-base imbalance in the respiratory and metabolic systems, other diseases involving lipid metabolism and various endocrine disorders as well as other metabolic or nutritional disorders. (cdc.gov)
- Alkaline phosphatase measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of liver, bone, and parathyroid disease. (cdc.gov)
- AST measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of certain types of liver and heart disease. (cdc.gov)
Patients4
- Cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, and toxic skin eruptions, including drug rash, eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome, have been reported in patients receiving atazanavir. (evotazhcp.com)
- In patients with known hypersensitivity to tofacitinib or ingredient in the formulation, including any non-medicinal ingredient, or component of the container. (pfizermedicalinformation.ca)
- Treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may present unique risks to patients who are also chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). (biomedcentral.com)
- Despite growing concerns regarding appropriate management of viral hepatitis in the setting of RA treatments, the optimal screening for HBV in RA patients is an unsettled issue [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Regimen4
- If approved, this treatment could be the first two-drug regimen for HIV and could offer those living with HIV who are virally suppressed the option to switch to a regimen which does not include a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). (jnj.com)
- The SWORD Phase III results represent an important step forward in our efforts to deliver a two-drug regimen that may help simplify dosing regimens and reduce pill burden for people living with HIV," says Lawrence M. Blatt, Global R&D Head, Infectious Diseases & Vaccines, Janssen. (jnj.com)
- Our approach - For treatment of drug-susceptible pulmonary TB, options include the traditional regimen (≥6 months) or a shortened rifapentine-moxifloxacin (four-month) regimen. (medilib.ir)
- Rifapentine-moxifloxacin four-month regimen - A shortened, four-month regimen (intensive phase of eight weeks and continuation phase of nine weeks) includes the drugs isoniazid , rifapentine , moxifloxacin , and pyrazinamide ( table 3 ) [ 2,8 ]. (medilib.ir)
Disease3
- however, many people with liver disease have normal transaminases. (wikipedia.org)
- AST levels may be increased in viral hepatitis and liver disease associated with hepatic necrosis, with 20 to 50 fold elevations frequently encountered. (unitslab.com)
- The frequency of adverse events including serious infections, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, malignancies, non-melanoma skin cancer, gastrointestinal perforations, interstitial lung disease, venous thromboembolism, and arterial thromboembolism in XELJANZ-treated subjects 65 years of age and older was higher than among those under the age of 65. (pfizermedicalinformation.ca)
Mild1
- 1.0 are indicative of mild liver damage, and are particularly associated with diseases of an inflammatory nature. (unitslab.com)
Levels1
- Elevated levels are sensitive for liver injury, meaning that they are likely to be present if there is injury. (wikipedia.org)
Diseases1
- Unidimensional transient elastography (TE) is a noninvasive technique, which has been increasingly used in the assessment of diffuse liver diseases. (wjgnet.com)
Kidneys1
- Although heart muscle is found to have the most activity of the enzyme, significant activity has also been seen in the brain, liver, gastric mucosa, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and kidneys. (unitslab.com)
Injury1
- The magnitude of AST and ALT elevations vary depending on the cause of the increase, such as intensity of recent muscular exertion or type of hepatocellular injury. (wikipedia.org)
Treatment2
- a Missing=Failure algorithm uses all available HIV-1 RNA data collected at Week 144, including data collected from subjects who were off treatment. (evotazhcp.com)
- Includes Study AI463026 and the entecavir mg and lamivudine treatment arms of Study AI463014, Phase multinational, randomized, double-blind study of three doses of entecavir (0.1, 0.5, and mg) once daily versus continued lamivudine 100 mg once daily for up to 52 weeks in subjects who experienced recurrent viremia on lamivudine therapy. (drugcentral.org)
Heart1
- Decompensated right ventricular or biventricular heart failure causes transmission of elevated right atrial pressure to the liver via the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins. (medscape.com)
Cell1
- However, if the liver is damaged, the liver cell (hepatocyte) membrane becomes more permeable and some of the enzymes leak out into the blood circulation. (wikipedia.org)
Muscle2
- Muscle sources of the enzymes, such as intense exercise, are unrelated to liver function and can markedly increase AST and ALT. (wikipedia.org)
- This is a good reminder that AST and ALT are not good measures of liver function when other sources may influence AST and/or ALT, because they do not reliably reflect the synthetic ability of the liver, and they may come from tissues other than liver (such as muscle). (wikipedia.org)