HumansHepatocellularAntigensDifferentiationAdherentEpithelialHumanVitroStimulationMRNAImmortalProliferationLineMetabolismFungalMiceMammalianTissuesAssaySecreteMethylationTissue and cellReporterMonolayerProliferateMetabolicGeneticKidneyInduce0.25BacterialRegulationLinesStudyStemCulturesMigrationClinicalCultureConditionsControlSkinRoleSubstancesLevelsImportant
Humans1
- In obese humans, adipocyte-secreted CCL20 may contribute to the deposition of Compact disc4+ helper and Compact disc8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes within adipose tissues, possibly via connections with CCR6 which was upregulated on T cells in obese adipose tissues (100). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Hepatocellular4
- Hep G2 is an immortal cell line which was derived in 1975 from the liver tissue of a 15-year-old Caucasian male from Argentina with a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
- The Hep G2 cell line has been isolated from a liver biopsy of a male Caucasian aged 15 years, with a well differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), an extremely persistent perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS), and 2,3,3,3-Tetrafluoro-2-(heptafluoropropoxy) propanoic acid (GenX), its shorter chain alternative, have been implicated in hepatocellular damage with unusual fat deposit and liver enlargement. (illinois.edu)
- Liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 was used as a model to study induced liver inflammation in vitro at the cellular, genetic, and epigenetic levels. (illinois.edu)
Antigens2
- Hepatitis B virus surface antigens have not been detected. (wikipedia.org)
- indicated that ATMs colocalized with T cells in lymphoid clusters within adipose tissue and may act as APCs, which express high levels of MHCII and also costimulatory molecules and process and present antigens to induce CD4+ T-cell proliferation and activation in adipose tissue of obese mice (29, 68, 105). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Differentiation3
- Another well-characterized polarized hepatocyte cell line is the rat hepatoma-derived hybrid cell line WIF-B. With the proper culture conditions, Hep G2 cells display robust morphological and functional differentiation with a controllable formation of apical and basolateral cell surface domains (van IJzendoorn et al. (wikipedia.org)
- Because of their high degree of morphological and functional differentiation in vitro, Hep G2 cells are a suitable model to study the intracellular trafficking and dynamics of bile canalicular, sinusoidal membrane proteins, and lipids in human hepatocytes in vitro. (wikipedia.org)
- S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
Adherent1
- Most cells require a surface or an artificial substrate to form an adherent culture as a monolayer (one single-cell thick), whereas others can be grown free floating in a medium as a suspension culture . (wikipedia.org)
Epithelial1
- These cells are epithelial in morphology, have a modal chromosome number of 55, and are not tumorigenic in nude mice. (wikipedia.org)
Human14
- Hep G2 (or HepG2) is a human liver cancer cell line. (wikipedia.org)
- Hep G2 will respond to stimulation with human growth hormone. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Hep G2 cells are a suitable in vitro model system for the study of polarized human hepatocytes. (wikipedia.org)
- This can be important for the study of human liver diseases that are caused by an incorrect subcellular distribution of cell surface proteins, e.g., hepatocanalicular transport defects such as Dubin-Johnson Syndrome and progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), and familial hypercholesterolemia. (wikipedia.org)
- Hep G2 cell line human has been used to study the cytotoxicity of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules and organic solvents on HepG2 cells and to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of aqueous extracellular polysaccharides (AEPS) for HepG2 using the MTT colorimetric assay. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- We previously determined that tTG activity increased in an animal model of hepatic fibrogenesis and in human liver disease. (nih.gov)
- Treatment of human Hep G2 cells with 1 ng/ml TNF-alpha increased [14C]putrescine cross-linking to cellular proteins. (nih.gov)
- Hep G2 cells, transiently transfected with a luciferase reporter containing 1.67 kb of the human tTG promoter, showed an increase in reporter activity after addition of TNF-alpha. (nih.gov)
- The MTT assay was used to examine the cytotoxic effects of fungal taxol against the human liver cancer cell line HepG2. (degruyter.com)
- With the recent advances in human-cell cultivation techniques, allowing in vivo -like in vitro long-term functionality, there is a shift in focus towards the mechanistic details of the adverse effects "over time" aimed at a better understanding of the dynamics of biological processes. (brill.com)
- In vitro methods, based on human primary cells, cell lines, and genetically modified reporter cell lines, have greatly expanded the scope of in vitro toxicology. (brill.com)
- Komor, Badran and Liu, 2017 ) have opened up tremendous opportunities for the development of cell lines, especially those of human origin ( Tobita, Guzman-Lepe and de L'Hortet, 2015 ). (brill.com)
- In February 2006, a live, oral, human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq® [RV5]) was licensed as a 3-dose series for use among U.S. infants for the prevention of rotavirus gastroenteritis, and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended routine use of RV5 among U.S. infants (CDC. (cdc.gov)
- In April 2008, a live, oral, human attenuated rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix® [RV1]) was licensed as a 2-dose series for use among U.S. infants, and in June 2008, ACIP updated its rotavirus vaccine recommendations to include use of RV1. (cdc.gov)
Vitro1
- Wen, Y, Mirji, N & Irudayaraj, J 2020, ' Epigenetic toxicity of PFOA and GenX in HepG2 cells and their role in lipid metabolism ', Toxicology in Vitro , vol. 65, 104797. (illinois.edu)
Stimulation2
- In addition to a role in adaptive immunity, memory CD8+ T cells are involved in innate immunity, being able to become activated and to proliferate under cytokine stimulation (107, 108). (exposed-skin-care.net)
- Indeed, CD8+ T cells from mouse adipose tissue respond to cytokines and become activated and proliferate under stimulation of IL-12 and IL-18, which are mainly produced by APCs and are elevated in obese adipose tissue (44). (exposed-skin-care.net)
MRNA2
- Gel shift experiments using nuclear extracts from TNF-alpha-treated cells and oligonucleotides containing the tTG nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B motif revealed increased binding, concordant with mRNA data. (nih.gov)
- mRNA expression analysis of PFOA exposed cells showed that cell cycle homeostasis genes were affected significantly, as well as the ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs) and the essential lipid metabolism genes. (illinois.edu)
Immortal1
- The lifespan of most cells is genetically determined, but some cell-culturing cells have been "transformed" into immortal cells which will reproduce indefinitely if the optimal conditions are provided. (wikipedia.org)
Proliferation2
- showed that adipose tissue from obese mice induced proliferation of splenic CD8+ T cells, indicating a CD8+ T cell-activating environment in obese adipose tissue (31). (exposed-skin-care.net)
- Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa L), has proven to be a modulator of multiple intercellular signalling pathways linked to inflammation, to proliferation, growth, invasion, drug sensitivity, angiogenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. (researchgate.net)
Line1
Metabolism1
- citation needed] Hep G2 cells and their derivatives are also used as a model system for studies of liver metabolism and toxicity of xenobiotics, the detection of environmental and dietary cytotoxic and genotoxic (and thus cytoprotective, anti-genotoxic, and cogenotoxic) agents, understanding hepatocarcinogenesis[citation needed], and for drug targeting studies[citation needed]. (wikipedia.org)
Fungal1
- In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)
Mice2
- Another statement showed the preadipocyte- and endothelial cell-derived stromal-derived element-1 (CXCL12), mediated early infiltration of CD4+ T lymphocytes in obesity, which preceded the increase of macrophages in adipose cells of mice on HFD (101). (exposed-skin-care.net)
- Indeed, the principal adipocytes isolated from obese mice could induce antigen-specific Compact disc4+ T cell activation (58). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Mammalian1
- Since 2015, more than 3,000 articles were published on studies using crispr /Cas9 genome editing, including more than 900 articles using the technology in mammalian cells (PubMed, accessed June 11, 2017). (brill.com)
Tissues6
- Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
- [12] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
- Systems toxicology, therefore, aims at understanding and exploring the way that different biological components are orchestrated as an ensemble in cells, tissues, and organisms. (brill.com)
- However, the main element substances that mediate T cell infiltration into adipose tissues in maturing remain to become discovered. (exposed-skin-care.net)
- Activation of Typical T Cells in Adipose Tissues Compact disc4+ Purpureaside C T Cell Activation TCRs recognize the current presence of a particular antigen by binding to brief peptide sequences in the antigen that's shown on APCs. (exposed-skin-care.net)
- further defined that mostly huge adipocytes from obese adipose tissues exhibited an increased expression degree of MHCII substances and acted as APCs to activate Compact disc4+ T cells to secrete IFN- (103). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Assay1
- 3. Subject has an APOL1 genotype of G1/G1, G2/G2, or G1/G2 obtained with a Vertex designated investigational clinical study assay. (who.int)
Secrete2
- The cells secrete a variety of major plasma proteins, e.g., albumin, and the acute-phase proteins fibrinogen, alpha 2-macroglobulin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin and plasminogen. (wikipedia.org)
- The cells secrete a variety of major plasma proteins e.g. albumin, α2-macroglobulin, α 1-antitrypsin, transferrin and plasminogen. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Methylation1
- Global methylation levels of HepG2 cells were found to be inversely proportional to PFOA exposure levels. (illinois.edu)
Tissue and cell1
- Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
Reporter1
- Furthermore, Hep G2 cells are incapable of upmodulating tTG promoter reporter activity in the presence of TNF-alpha when those cells overexpress a transdominant, negative mutant NF-kappa B subunit. (nih.gov)
Monolayer2
- 37°C. Cells might take 6 days to form a confluent monolayer without media change if seeded at 1:4. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- But, when the lower compartment of the Caco2 monolayer was applied to HepG2, some genes were modulated (after 24 h). (nih.gov)
Proliferate1
- We will provide viable cells that proliferate on revival. (abcam.com)
Metabolic2
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a globally observed metabolic disease with high prevalence both in adults and children. (mdpi.com)
- In this study, in order to identify the reactive metabolite of NVP mainly responsible for CYP inhibition and liver injury, we synthesized five NVP analogs designed to avoid the proposed bioactivation pathway and evaluated their metabolic stabilities, CYP3A4 time-dependent inhibitory activities, and cytotoxicity. (unboundmedicine.com)
Genetic1
- The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)
Kidney1
- This vaccine was made possible by the cell culture research of John Franklin Enders , Thomas Huckle Weller , and Frederick Chapman Robbins , who were awarded a Nobel Prize for their discovery of a method of growing the virus in monkey kidney cell cultures. (wikipedia.org)
Induce1
- The pyrimidine analog of NVP did not induce cytotoxicity in HepG2 and transchromosomic HepG2 cells, expressing major four CYP enzymes and CYP oxidoreductase. (unboundmedicine.com)
0.251
- A significant decrease (0.05-0.5 μM) was observed in the cell viability and IC 50 dosage was fixed as 0.25 μM after 24 h of treatment. (degruyter.com)
Bacterial1
- Based on the significant antibacterial activity, the sorting of bacterial cells against the compounds (MID6 and MID9) was analyzed by flow cytometry. (degruyter.com)
Regulation1
Lines2
Study1
Stem1
- Development: For advances in developmental biology and stem cells. (lu.se)
Cultures1
- Growing viruses in cell cultures allowed preparation of purified viruses for the manufacture of vaccines . (wikipedia.org)
Migration1
- studies indicated that RANTES is Purpureaside C an adipokine that can be produced by adipocytes and takes on an important part in T cell migration, suggesting a potential part of the RANTES/CCR5 axis in adipose T cell build up in obesity (24). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Clinical1
- Although curcumin has shown significant efficacy in cell culture studies, it has shown limited efficacy in clinical studies when administered in conventional oral formulations. (researchgate.net)
Culture8
- 2. Transfer the cell suspension (0.8 mL) to a 15 mL/50 mL conical sterile polypropylene centrifuge tube containing 8.4 mL pre-warmed culture medium, wash vial with an additional 0.8 mL culture medium (total volume 10 mL) to collect remaining cells, and centrifuge at 201 x g (rcf) for 5 minutes at room temperature. (abcam.com)
- 3. Resuspend the cell pellet in 5 mL pre-warmed culture medium and count using a haemocytometer or alternative cell counting method. (abcam.com)
- Based on cell count, seed cells in an appropriate cell culture flask at a density of 2x10 4 cells/cm 2 . (abcam.com)
- Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. (wikipedia.org)
- The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)
- Viral culture is also related, with cells as hosts for the viruses. (wikipedia.org)
- Cell culture techniques were advanced significantly in the 1940s and 1950s to support research in virology . (wikipedia.org)
- The injectable polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk was one of the first products mass-produced using cell culture techniques. (wikipedia.org)
Conditions1
- After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue , they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Control1
- MID9 showed a moderate level of cell death compared to the control. (degruyter.com)
Skin1
- Nevirapine (NVP) is widely used as a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor of HIV-1, however, it is associated with severe skin and liver injury. (unboundmedicine.com)
Role2
- However, its role in aging-related adipose tissue CD4+ T cell activation remains to be investigated. (exposed-skin-care.net)
- These results indicated that the epoxide intermediate of NVP might play an important role in NVP-induced liver injury. (unboundmedicine.com)
Substances1
- These brief peptide sequences in the antigen are often presented over the cell surface area of APCs by using MHCII substances, which are necessary for activation of Compact disc4+ T cells (102). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Levels1
- Similar to CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells exhibit effector memory or effector phenotypes expressing elevated levels of IFN- in obese adipose tissue (31, 44). (exposed-skin-care.net)
Important1
- Taken together, one important mechanism for obese adipose CD4+ T cell activation may be mediated through MHCII expressed on ATMs and adipocytes. (exposed-skin-care.net)