• The prostaglandin and leukotriene families of lipid mediators are formed via two distinct biosynthetic pathways that are initiated by the oxygenation of arachidonic acid by either cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) or 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), respectively. (elsevierpure.com)
  • These compounds are synthesized in vivo through what can now be regarded as the "orthodox" cyclooxygenase pathways, which came to light largely through the work of Sune Bergström, who led a team then based at the Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm. (jci.org)
  • The pathogenesis of AIA has implicated both the lipoxygenase (LO) and the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways. (medscape.com)
  • Eicosanoids are formed from arachidonic acid (AA) through different enzymatic pathways, including the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, synthesizing prostanoids and the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway, generating leukotrienes (LTs) 8 . (nature.com)
  • Free AA can be metabolized to eicosanoids through three major pathways: the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway, and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • Regardless of the etiology, a deficiency of cyclooxygenase (COX), a key regulatory enzyme in the synthetic pathway of eicosanoid production, results in beneficial and detrimental physiologic conditions relative to imbalances of the eicosanoids. (medscape.com)
  • It was concluded that the PUFA rather than their metabolites were responsible for the inhibition since: (a) antioxidants did not prevent the PUFA-induced migration inhibition and the hydroxylated intermediates were less active, and (b) inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways were without effect. (jci.org)
  • The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PGF2 alpha, PGI2, thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4), which represent the cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways, were determined in 21 pairs of surgically excised human colon cancer and histologically normal mucosa samples 5 to 10 cm away from the tumor. (nih.gov)
  • Class 2 lipid mediators are eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, that are produced from arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) pathways. (rndsystems.com)
  • By inhibiting the COX pathway, aspirin diverts arachidonic acid metabolites to the LO pathway. (medscape.com)
  • A non-targeted metabolomics approach was used to reconstruct the metabolic pathways for the synthesis of oxylipins, derived from roughanic, linoleic, α-linolenic, and arachidonic acid in wild type, the oxylipin-deficient mutants of Ppaos1 and Ppaos2 , the mutants of Ppdes being deficient in all fatty acids harboring a Δ 6 -double bond and the C20-fatty acid-deficient mutants of Ppelo . (frontiersin.org)
  • 12-Lipoxygenase plays a key role in cell death caused by glutathione depletion and arachidonic acid in rat oligodendrocytes. (umassmed.edu)
  • 5 It is concluded that the relaxation of guinea-pig trachea to arachidonic acid is epithelium-dependent and is mediated by an inhibitory product of the cyclo-oxygenase metabolic pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • The contraction in denuded trachea, and trachea in the presence of indomethacin, may be mediated by lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism, i.e. peptidoleukotrienes. (cdc.gov)
  • Leukotrienes belong to a family of biologically active conjugated trienes that are formed from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway and are important mediators of inflammatory reactions. (lu.se)
  • Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, also known as ALOX5, 5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX, or 5-LO, is a non-heme iron-containing enzyme (EC 1.13.11.34) that in humans is encoded by the ALOX5 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase is a member of the lipoxygenase family of enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Collectively, these landmark discoveries provided initial insight into the COX pathway of arachidonate metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase" by people in this website by year, and whether "Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Arachidonate 12-Lipoxygenase" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • In intact tissues this lipoxygenase inhibitor converted the arachidonate-induced relaxation to a concentration-dependent contraction. (cdc.gov)
  • Identification of the highly oxygenated hemiketal eicosanoids provides evidence for a previously unrecognized biosynthetic cross-over of the 5-LOX and COX-2 pathways. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Changes in dietary fatty acids, specifically the polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 and ω-6 families and some derived eicosanoids from lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases, and cytochrome P-450, seem to control the activity of transcription factor families involved in cancer cell proliferation or cell death. (springer.com)
  • They are part of a much larger group of compounds, the eicosanoids, which, although ubiquitous as a group, are produced by a variety of cell type-, tissue-, and species-specific biosynthetic pathways. (jci.org)
  • MDM from convalescent SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals showed a downregulation of pro-resolving factors and an increased production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, particularly 5-lipoxygenase-derived leukotrienes. (nature.com)
  • This study investigated the contribution of lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid (M4N) and zileuton (ZIL), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) inhibitor 4,5-diphenylimidazole (DPI) in the proliferation of Brucella abortus infection. (gnu.ac.kr)
  • Inhibitors of this pathway may provide a new therapeutic strategy to preserve beta cell mass in diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • Jasmonic acid, the final product of the allene oxide synthase/allene oxide cyclase branch of the pathway, regulates wound-induced gene expression. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • It is shown here that while a 13-lipoxygenase (LOX H3), allene oxide synthase and allene oxide cyclase proteins accumulate upon wounding in potato, a second 13-lipoxygenase (LOX H1) and hydroperoxide lyase are present at constant levels in both non-wounded and wounded tissues. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase-2-Derived Nitric Oxide Drives Multiple Pathways of Breast Cancer Progression. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Wound-induced accumulation of the jasmonic acid biosynthetic enzymes may thus commit the lipoxygenase pathway to jasmonic acid production in damaged plants. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Structures of the first six prostaglandins (PGs) were established by 1962, before their individual biosynthetic pathways were studied. (jci.org)
  • The tissue-specific biosynthetic pathways that generate specific PGs are well covered in textbooks. (jci.org)
  • Here, we focus on newly uncovered pathways, involving either the cyclooxygenases (COXs) or nonenzymatic chemical transformations, that lead to the formation of bioactive prostanoids and of previously unknown lipid mediators produced by COX-2. (jci.org)
  • Prostaglandins are associated with diverse physiological and pathological pathways. (rndsystems.com)
  • 3,8-9 In fact, there is a great interest in the understanding of its structure and its mechanism of action, particularly of the molecular pathways involved in its recognition and cellular signaling, 10-15 as well as the forms of its inactivation 3,16 . (bvsalud.org)
  • It is shown that all enzymes of the lipoxygenase pathway differentially localize within chloroplasts, and are largely found associated to thylakoid membranes. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Current evidence on the subcellular localization of the lipoxygenase pathway is conflicting, and the regulation of metabolic channelling between the two branches of the pathway is largely unknown. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • It is suggested that, in addition to their differential expression pattern, this segregation underlies the regulation of metabolic fluxes through the alternative branches of the lipoxygenase pathway. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Four metabolic pathways and one oxidative stress pathway were identified in the miPPSPC, whereas linoleic acid metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway were identified in the mPPSPC. (aging-us.com)
  • The metabolic and oxidative stress pathways may participate in PC progression. (aging-us.com)
  • Cellular pathways that result in beta cell oxidative stress are poorly resolved. (nih.gov)
  • It has previously been reported that pro-inflammatory cytokine stimulation induces 12-lipoxygenase (12-LO) expression in human islets. (nih.gov)
  • Neurological studies have demonstrated that chronic stress exposure induces neurodegeneration of important neuronal structures and destabilization of the mesocortical dopaminergic pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Pneumolysin Induces 12-Lipoxygenase-Dependent Neutrophil Migration during Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection. (umassmed.edu)
  • Breast cancer cell-derived EMMPRIN stimulates fibroblast MMP2 release through a phospholipase A(2) and 5-lipoxygenase catalyzed pathway. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The generation of MMP2 is mediated by activation of phospholipase A(2) and 5-lipoxygenase. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These results suggest that the production of soluble EMMPRIN, phospholipase A(2) and 5-lipoxygenase activities are sites for potential therapeutic intervention. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The Δ4-desaturation pathway for DHA biosynthesis is operative in the human species: differences between normal controls and children with the Zellweger syndrome. (springer.com)
  • The findings, published in the Jan. 1 online issue of Cancer Research,demonstrated dietary sugar's effect on an enzymatic signaling pathway known as 12-LOX (12-lipoxygenase). (mdanderson.org)
  • Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli promotes transepithelial migration of neutrophils through a conserved 12-lipoxygenase pathway. (umassmed.edu)
  • Key factors of the pentose phosphate pathway and linoleic acid metabolism, G6PD and CYP2C8/9/18/19, respectively, are related to the survival of PC patients according to our tissue microarray. (aging-us.com)
  • Hepoxilin A(3) facilitates neutrophilic breach of lipoxygenase-expressing airway epithelial barriers. (umassmed.edu)
  • Lipoxygenases (LOX) contribute to vascular disease and inflammation through generation of bioactive lipids, including 12-hydro(pero xyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-H(P)ETE). (reading.ac.uk)
  • Oxylipin profiling reveals the preferential stimulation of the 9-lipoxygenase pathway in elicitor-treated potato cells. (mpg.de)
  • The ALOX5 gene, which occupies 71.9 kilobase pairs (kb) on chromosome 10 (all other human lipoxygenases are clustered together on chromosome 17), is composed of 14 exons divided by 13 introns encoding the mature 78 kilodalton (kD) ALOX5 protein consisting of 673 amino acids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was used to establish and validate a miRNA set-based pathway prognostic signature for PC (miPPSPC) and a mRNA set-based pathway prognostic signature for PC (mPPSPC) in independent datasets. (aging-us.com)
  • Gene set variation analysis (GSVA), a functional enrichment analysis method similar to gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), allows the assessment of underlying pathway activity variation in each sample by pre-inputting a selected gene set [ 11 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • Gene-environment interaction models have utility in unmasking the impact of specific cellular pathways in toxicity that may not be observed using a solely genetic or toxicant disease model alone. (sri.com)
  • These proteins participate in all major pathways of electron transport: photosynthesis, respiration, hydroxylation and bacterial hydrogen and nitrogen fixation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Systemic disease during Streptococcus pneumoniae acute lung infection requires 12-lipoxygenase-dependent inflammation. (umassmed.edu)
  • Recently, differences in pathway activities have been calculated among breast cancer subtypes, and researchers have found that high OSTN-AS1 expression is related to immune-associated pathways using GSVA [ 12 ]. (aging-us.com)
  • This study characterizes a receptor-dependent pathway for 12-H(P)ETE synthesis via the collagen receptor GPVI, which is negatively regulated by PECAM-1 and PKC, and demonstrates a novel link between immune receptor signaling and lipid mediator generation in the vasculature. (reading.ac.uk)
  • It is well-known that an inflammatory process occurs within the arterial wall at the site of a developing plaque [ 9 - 11 ], and the mechanism of injury to the intima and lipid infiltration of the media is the accepted atherogenic pathway, which is considered reactive to the atheroma. (hindawi.com)
  • Their regulation may be carried out either through direct binding to DNA as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors or via modulation in an indirect manner of signaling pathway molecules (e.g., protein kinase C) and other transcription factors (nuclear factor kappa B and sterol regulatory element binding protein). (springer.com)
  • Beispiele sind die Modulation von intrazellulärem Calcium, die 12-lipoxygenase, PKC und SRC Kinase Kaskaden. (antikoerper-online.de)
  • Human platelets that contain a 12-LOX isoform (p12-LOX) were used to define pathways that activate H(P)ETE synthesis in the vasculature. (reading.ac.uk)
  • We establish a pH dependant oligomerisation pathway forming tetrameric DEC-205 using solution-based techniques and ultimately solved the 4.9 Å cryo-EM structure of the DEC-205 tetramer to identify the unfurling of the second lectin ring which enables tetramer formation. (uci.edu)
  • During plaque development many proangiogenic pathways are reactivated and this leads to formation of immature blood vessels prone to rupture [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • This study describes an integrated pathway in beta cells that links beta cell dysfunction induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines with 12-lipoxygenase and NADPH oxidase (NOX-1) activation. (nih.gov)
  • Most of the existing research has focused on genes for prognosis prediction, whereas pathways based on mRNAs or miRNAs have never been used to predict survival. (aging-us.com)
  • Is There a Role for Macrophage 5-Lipoxygenase Pathway in Aortic Aneurysm Development in Apolipoprotein E Deficient Mice? (chipsbooks.com)
  • Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity has been implicated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, but its effects in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis are less understood. (sri.com)