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Apolipoproteins BLipoproteins, IDLLipoproteins, VLDLApolipoprotein B-100Apolipoprotein A-ILipoproteins, HDLLipoproteinsLipoproteins, LDLApolipoproteinsLipoprotein(a)Apolipoproteins EApolipoprotein B-48Lipoprotein LipaseTriglyceridesCholesterolApolipoproteins AApolipoprotein C-IIIApolipoprotein A-IIApolipoprotein E3Apolipoprotein C-IILipidsApolipoprotein E4Receptors, LDLCholesterol, LDLLipid MetabolismApolipoproteins CCholesterol, HDLApolipoprotein C-IApolipoprotein E2LiverReceptors, LipoproteinApoprotein(a)ChylomicronsHypobetalipoproteinemiasHyperlipidemiasCholesterol EstersArteriosclerosisHyperlipoproteinemia Type IICytidine DeaminaseLipoproteins, HDL3RNA EditingHypercholesterolemiaCholesterol, VLDLHyperlipidemia, Familial CombinedHyperlipoproteinemiasAtherosclerosisHypolipoproteinemiasMolecular Sequence DataLipoproteins, HDL2HypertriglyceridemiaRNA, MessengerEnergy MetabolismKineticsOleic AcidAbetalipoproteinemiaDietary FatsUltracentrifugationPhosphatidylcholine-Sterol O-AcyltransferaseLipaseHyperlipoproteinemia Type IVPhospholipidsBase SequenceCholesterol, DietaryHypobetalipoproteinemia, Familial, Apolipoprotein BCarrier ProteinsMice, KnockoutCholesterol Ester Transfer ProteinsAnticholesteremic AgentsLow Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1Apolipoproteins DMice, Inbred C57BLHyperlipoproteinemia Type IIIOxidation-ReductionCells, CulturedFatty AcidsGenotypeElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelAllelesHypolipidemic AgentsAmino Acid SequenceParticle SizePolymorphism, GeneticBiological TransportHeterozygoteTrioleinTime FactorsATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1IntestinesCell LineDyslipidemiasAortaMacrophagesPhenotypeMice, TransgenicRisk FactorsLipolysisProtein BindingOleic AcidsHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsFasting
LipidsHigh-density lipoproteinsParticlesTriglyceridesAtherosclerosisCholesterol metabolismAPOELipaseReceptorAPOBChylomicronsProteinAPOE4SynthesisPeripheral tissuesVLDL and LDLCardiovascularClasses of lipoproteChylomicronTypes of lipoproteinsHypertriglyceridemiaAlzheimer'sTRLsPathwaysFatsMetabolicTotal cholesterolRegulation of lipidLiverHydrophobicGeneGeneticPathogenesisSignaling pathwayFatty acidsEnzymesAmyloidMoleculesAbstractFamilialLevelsCellular metabolismSerumRegulatorSignificantly decreasedDisorders
Lipids13
High-density lipoproteins4
Particles5
Triglycerides4
Atherosclerosis6
Cholesterol metabolism9
  • In Dr. Remaley's view, the opportunity to study and learn from patients at the NIH with rare genetic disorders of cholesterol metabolism is a distinguishing characteristic of the work being done in his laboratory. (nih.gov)
  • The exposure to patients with rare diseases often leads to new insights into common disease processes that can be obtained in no other manner and inspires him and his co-workers to translate their basic science findings in cholesterol metabolism into new therapies for cardiovascular disease. (nih.gov)
  • In peripheral tissues, APOE is primarily produced by the liver and macrophages, and mediates cholesterol metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cholesterol metabolism in the brain is independent of peripheral tissues due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that impairs the entrance of the protein-bound lipid into the central nervous system (CNS). (frontiersin.org)
  • Finally, we discuss cholesterol metabolism and its implication in AD. (frontiersin.org)
  • Variations in ApoE affect cholesterol metabolism, which in turn alter your chances of having heart disease and in particular a heart attack or a stroke. (feedburner.com)
  • Type "B" repeats in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor that plays a central role in mammalian cholesterol metabolism. (embl.de)
  • Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism. (nihatodabasi.com)
  • They'll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance - â ¦ Risk for myocardial infarction increases by about 25 percent for every 5 mg/dL decrement in serum HDL-cholesterol below median â ¦ This pathway of cholesterol metabolism in the brain is a part of the reverse cholesterol transport process and serves as a major route of cholesterol turnover in the brain. (vondellhenderson.com)
APOE18
  • APOE interacts significantly with the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which is essential for the normal processing (catabolism) of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the central nervous system, Apo-E is mainly produced by astrocytes and transports cholesterol to neurons via APOE receptors, which are members of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gene, APOE, is mapped to chromosome 19 in a cluster with apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1) and the apolipoprotein C2 (APOC2). (wikipedia.org)
  • Indeed, the apolipoprotein ε4 isoform is more protective against cognitive decline than other isoforms in some cases, so caution is advised before making determinant statements about the influence of APOE polymorphisms on cognition, development of Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, telomere shortening, etc. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid-transport protein abundantly expressed in most neurons in the central nervous system. (dovepress.com)
  • Several APOE isoforms with major structural differences were discovered and shown to influence the brain lipid transport, glucose metabolism, neuronal signaling, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial function. (dovepress.com)
  • The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is located on chromosome 19 and encodes a glycoprotein that is 299 amino acids long. (dovepress.com)
  • APOE plays multiple roles in the regulation of lipid and lipoprotein levels in the blood. (dovepress.com)
  • APOE serves as a ligand for members of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family and is involved in the removal of lipoproteins from the circulation for excretion in the liver. (dovepress.com)
  • APOE is also involved in the formation of chylomicrons and VLDL and affects the activity of other lipid metabolism-associated proteins and enzymes, such as hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase. (dovepress.com)
  • Emerging study has shown that APOE and APOE isoform functions may extend beyond lipid metabolism to include maintenance of normal brain function. (dovepress.com)
  • In the plasma, APOE will associate with most lipoproteins. (dovepress.com)
  • Yassine has spent the past decade studying the role of a specific variant of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene, which is involved in lipid metabolism. (usc.edu)
  • lt;p>The apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene makes a protein which, when combined with fat, becomes a lipoprotein. (feedburner.com)
  • lt;br />The lipoprotein ApoE is a very low-density lipoprotein, responsible in part for removing cholesterol from the bloodstream. (feedburner.com)
  • The apolipoproteinE (APOE) gene provides instructions for the production of the apolipoprotein E (apoE) protein. (randox.com)
  • Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a multifunctional glycoprotein with central roles in lipid metabolism, neurobiology, and neurodegenerative diseases. (randox.com)
  • The key function of apoE is to mediate the binding of lipoproteins or lipid complexes in the plasma or interstitial fluids to specific cell-surface receptors. (randox.com)
Lipase5
  • Recently, several studies verified that apoA5 could significantly reduce plasma TG level by stimulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity, and the intracellular role of apoA5 has also been proved since apoA5 is associated with cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) and affects intrahepatic TG accumulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ApoC-III impairs the lipolysis of TRLs [triacylglycerol (triglyceride)-rich lipoproteins] by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and the hepatic uptake of TRLs by remnant receptors. (portlandpress.com)
  • Once on chylomicrons, APOC2 activates triglyceride lipolysis and uptake via lipoprotein lipase (LPL) on peripheral tissues (step 5). (jci.org)
  • Dietary TG metabolism begins in the stomach and duodenum, where TGs are broken into monoglycerides (MGs) and FFAs by gastric lipase, emulsification due to vigorous stomach peristalsis, and pancreatic lipase. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the capillaries of adipose and muscle tissue, apoprotein C-II (apo C-II) on the chylomicron activates endothelial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to convert 90% of chylomicron triglyceride to fatty acids and glycerol, which are taken up by adipocytes and muscle cells for energy use or storage. (msdmanuals.com)
Receptor11
  • The C-terminal region also contains a low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-binding site. (wikipedia.org)
  • Hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA concentrations were significantly decreased in animals fed on TP, while apolipoprotein B mRNA concentrations were significantly increased. (cambridge.org)
  • These effects on lipoprotein metabolism may be exerted through specific modulation of the expression of the LDL receptor and apolipoprotein B genes. (cambridge.org)
  • The repeat is found in a variety of proteins that include, vitellogenin receptor from Drosophila melanogaster, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor [ ( PUBMED:6091915 ) ], preproepidermal growth factor, and nidogen (entactin). (embl.de)
  • The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) is the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, acting to regulate cholesterol homeostasis in mammalian cells. (embl.de)
  • Complete cloning and sequencing of rat gp330/"megalin," a distinctive member of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene family. (embl.de)
  • The N-terminal type A repeats in LDL receptor bind the lipoproteins. (embl.de)
  • Other homologous domains occur in related receptors, including the very low-density lipoprotein receptor and the LDL receptor-related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor, and in proteins which are functionally unrelated, such as the C9 component of complement. (embl.de)
  • RNA-sequence analysis revealed that curcumin intake affected hepatic lipid metabolism via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway, especially PPARα activation, resulting in increased Apoa2 mRNA expression. (elifesciences.org)
  • Lipoprotein metabolism is con-trolled by the activity of functional proteins (enzymes, cell surface receptors, receptor ligands) that deter-mine the rate at which lipoproteins enter and leave the system, and by the physicochemical properties of the lipoprotein themselves. (nihatodabasi.com)
  • Trastorno familiar que se caracteriza por incremento de la concentración del colesterol transportado por las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL) y por déficit de un receptor en la superficie celular que regula la degradación de las LDL y la síntesis del colesterol. (bvsalud.org)
APOB4
  • The APOB gene provides instructions for making two versions of the apolipoprotein B protein, a short version called apolipoprotein B-48 and a longer version known as apolipoprotein B-100. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Most APOB gene mutations that cause FHBL lead to the production of apolipoprotein B that is abnormally short. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The severity of the condition largely depends on the length of the abnormal apolipoprotein B. Some mutations in the APOB gene lead to the production of a protein that is shorter than apolipoprotein B-100, but longer than apolipoprotein B-48. (medlineplus.gov)
  • We aimed to evaluate the effects of red grape juice (RGj) consumption on high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), apolipoprotein B (apoB) and homocysteine (Hcy) levels in healthy human volunteers. (openbiochemistryjournal.com)
Chylomicrons6
Protein11
APOE41
  • The lipoprotein-binding preference of apoE4 to large (30-80nm), triglyceride-rick VLDL, is associated with elevated levels of LDL. (randox.com)
Synthesis3
  • Title: Amyloid-?25-35 induces apolipoprotein D Synthesis and growth arrest in HT22 hippocampal cells. (genscript.com)
  • The endogenous pathway of lipid metabolism begins with the synthesis of very low lipoprotein (VLDL) by the liver (Figure 2). (nihatodabasi.com)
  • Factors that stimulate hepatic lipoprotein synthesis generally lead to elevated plasma cholesterol and TG levels. (msdmanuals.com)
Peripheral tissues3
  • Title: Cerebral Apolipoprotein-D Is Hypoglycosylated Compared to Peripheral Tissues and Is Variably Expressed in Mouse and Human Brain Regions. (genscript.com)
  • Lipoproteins circulate through the blood continuously until the TGs they contain are taken up by peripheral tissues or the lipoproteins themselves are cleared by the liver. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) contain apoprotein B-100 (apo B), are synthesized in the liver, and transport TGs and cholesterol to peripheral tissues. (msdmanuals.com)
VLDL and LDL1
  • Find methods information, sources, references or … Endogenous pathway of lipid transport: VLDL and LDL metabolism. (nihatodabasi.com)
Cardiovascular4
  • The Lipoprotein Metabolism Laboratory, led by Dr. Alan T. Remaley, seeks to better understand lipoprotein metabolism and to translate new insights gained from basic biochemistry, cell biology, and transgenic animal models into much-needed clinical advances in the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease. (nih.gov)
  • From the abstract: 'Lipoprotein(a) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Preclinical, epidemiologic, and genomic studies identify lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). (cdc.gov)
  • The group has defined epitopes on apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins targeted by immunoglobulins, and have shown that plasma levels of these immunoglobulins can predict future cardiovascular disease. (lu.se)
Classes of lipoprote1
Chylomicron2
  • Apolipoprotein B-48 is produced in the intestine, where it is a building block of a type of lipoprotein called a chylomicron. (medlineplus.gov)
  • They are divided by structure and function into five major classes, A through E. Pathway network for Lipoprotein metabolism SuperPath 11 Pathways in the Lipoprotein metabolism SuperPath Lipoprotein metabolism: Chylomicron-mediated lipid transport: HDL-mediated lipid transport: VLDLR internalisation and degradation: … The handling of lipoproteins in the body is referred to as lipoprotein metabolism. (nihatodabasi.com)
Types of lipoproteins1
Hypertriglyceridemia2
  • Genetic deficiency of apolipoprotein D in the mouse is associated with nonfasting hypertriglyceridemia and hyperinsulinemia. (genscript.com)
  • Hypertriglyceridemia is indicative of insulin resistance when present with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), while elevated triglyceride is a clinical risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), especially when low HDL is present. (medscape.com)
Alzheimer's2
  • One focus of Yassine's lab is understanding the mechanisms behind faulty lipid metabolism and neuroinflammation, in the hopes of identifying new treatment targets to prevent the development of Alzheimer's. (usc.edu)
  • Title: Apolipoprotein D modulates amyloid pathology in APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease mice. (genscript.com)
TRLs3
Pathways1
  • By studying diabetic dyslipid- in diabetes mellitus because insulin resist- aemia among a group of our patients we ance or deficiency affects key enzymes hoped to draw attention of the medical com- and pathways in lipid metabolism [ 1 ]. (who.int)
Fats1
Metabolic3
  • In recent years, a newly discovered apolipoprotein has been proved to be closely related to the occurrence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Regulating apoC-III metabolism may be an important new therapeutic approach to managing dyslipidaemia and CVD risk in the metabolic syndrome. (portlandpress.com)
  • These data indicate that the miR-34a-HNF4α pathway is activated under common conditions of metabolic stress and may have a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and in regulating plasma lipoprotein metabolism. (nihatodabasi.com)
Total cholesterol4
  • 15] found that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in serum was higher in ovarian cancer patients than in control subjects, but total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) showed no such association. (researchsquare.com)
  • Subjects with hyperhomocysteinaemia had significantly elevated total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A and apolipoprotein B and lower vitamin B levels compared with subjects with 12 normohomocysteinaemia. (who.int)
  • Hcy levels correlated with total cholesterol ( r = 0.09), apolipoprotein A ( r = 0.012), and B ( r = 0.013) levels and total/HDL cholesterol ratio ( r = -0.085). (who.int)
  • Previous reports from the Framingham Heart Study suggested a strong positive relationship between coronary heart disease and elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, in addition to an inverse relationship between the disease and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels [ 5 - 8 ]. (cdc.gov)
Regulation of lipid1
Liver4
  • Apolipoprotein B-100 allows LDLs to attach to specific receptors on the surface of cells, particularly in the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Liver weights and plasma ApoA-II and high-density lipoprotein concentrations were significantly elevated in curcumin-supplemented groups. (elifesciences.org)
  • LCAT, the major player in HDL maturation, is mainly synthesized by the liver but also in the brain, suggesting a crucial role of this enzyme in the maturation of brain lipoproteins, although LCAT concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is much lower than in plasma [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Different from the published … LIVER IN LIPOPROTEIN METABOLISM Pages with reference to book, From 232 To 233 Anjum Shahid (PMRC Research Centre, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. (nihatodabasi.com)
Hydrophobic1
  • Cells and organisms use lipoproteins to move hydrophobic lipid molecules, which are not water soluble, through the aqueous blood and tissue lymph environment. (nihatodabasi.com)
Gene1
  • Title: Identification of apolipoprotein D as a cardioprotective gene using a mouse model of lethal atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. (genscript.com)
Genetic3
  • Independent risk assessment tests such as sdLDL Cholesterol and Lipoprotein(a) to determine any genetic factors which may increase their risk of CVD. (randox.com)
  • These data add to limited literature comparing wheat whole grains to wheat refined grains on CVD risk and highlight the need to consider genetic variation in relation to lipoprotein lipid content and CVD risk. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genetic basis for elevation in lipid levels is not well understood, but substantial heritability has been demonstrated in twin [ 9 ] and family-based [ 10 - 12 ] studies, which have estimated that approximately 43% to 83% of the variance in blood lipid and lipoprotein levels is attributable to genetic factors. (cdc.gov)
Pathogenesis1
  • Lp(a) is a low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particle that is bound to apolipoprotein(a) and is causally implicated in the pathogenesis of ASCVD. (cdc.gov)
Signaling pathway1
Fatty acids2
  • The effect of different dietary fatty acids on lipoprotein. (cambridge.org)
  • While it is well established that the fatty acid composition of dietary fat is important in determining plasma lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, the effects of changing the absolute quantities of the individual fatty acids are less clear. (cambridge.org)
Enzymes1
  • hence its cellular and whole body distribution is subject to complex, dynamic regulation by circulating lipoproteins and enzymes. (nih.gov)
Amyloid2
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which curcumin affects systemic amyloidosis, we investigated amyloid deposition and molecular changes in a mouse model of amyloid apolipoprotein A-II (AApoAII) amyloidosis, in which mice were fed a curcumin-supplemented diet. (elifesciences.org)
  • Taken together, these results demonstrate that curcumin is a PPARα activator and may affect expression levels of proteins involved in amyloid deposition to influence amyloidosis and metabolism in a complex manner. (elifesciences.org)
Molecules1
Abstract1
  • From the abstract: 'What is the prevalence of high lipoprotein(a) concentrations (=125 nmol/L) in first- and second-degree relatives of individuals with high lipoprotein(a) levels? (cdc.gov)
Familial4
  • Criteria for the definition of familial HAs are (1) a low HDL cholesterol level in the presence of normal VLDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, (2) an absence of diseases or factors to which HA may be secondary, and (3) the presence of a similar lipoprotein pattern in a first-degree relative. (medscape.com)
  • Lipoprotein X is a lipoprotein that is found only in the plasma of subjects with cholestasis or who have familial lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency. (nihatodabasi.com)
  • Of the many disorders of lipoprotein metabolism, the familial hypercholesterolemias (FH) may be the most prevalent in the general population. (nihatodabasi.com)
  • A group of familial disorders characterized by elevated circulating cholesterol contained in either LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS alone or also in VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS (pre-beta lipoproteins). (bvsalud.org)
Levels6
  • Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), or hypoalphalipoproteinemia (HA), includes a variety of conditions, ranging from mild to severe, in which concentrations of alpha lipoproteins or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are reduced. (medscape.com)
  • Relationship of skeletal muscle fiber type to serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A₁ levels. (aaem.pl)
  • These results suggests role of vitamin D in modulation of circulating levels of lipoproteins. (nih.gov)
  • The sexual dimorphism observed in circulating levels of measured apolipoproteins following vitamin D correction may explain, in part, known sexual disparity in the events of cardiometabolic health. (nih.gov)
  • An article published in the International Journal of Clinical Practice states that niacin is highly effective for increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, and supplementation with niacin can increase HDL levels by up to 40% 5 . (burnlabpro.com)
  • Cascade screening of first-degree relatives of individuals with high lipoprotein(a) levels, if implemented at scale, is likely to identify a substantial number of additional high-risk individuals. (cdc.gov)
Cellular metabolism1
  • We have also discovered that changes in cellular metabolism is associated with the risk profile of atherosclerotic plaques. (lu.se)
Serum1
  • Results from our study contribute to a growing body of literature identifying key determinants of plasma lipoprotein concentrations and could provide insight into the biological mechanisms underlying serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations. (cdc.gov)
Regulator2
  • ApoC-III (apolipoprotein C-III), an important regulator of lipoprotein metabolism, is strongly associated with hypertriglyceridaemia and the progression of CVD. (portlandpress.com)
  • Our study identifies ILRUN as a completely novel regulator of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism that promotes hepatic lipoprotein … Two plasmalipoproteins, LDL and HDL, and one plasma lipid, triglyceride (TG), play an important role in this pathway. (nihatodabasi.com)
Significantly decreased1
  • In addition, apolipoprotein B significantly decreased only in females (p = 0.002). (nih.gov)
Disorders1