Lipids reside membrane protein. Medical search. Frequent questions

Membrane lipids are a group of compounds (structurally similar to fats and oils) which form the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
By forming a double layer with the polar ends pointing outwards and the nonpolar ends pointing inwards membrane lipids can form a 'lipid bilayer' which keeps the watery interior of the cell separate from the watery exterior. (wikipedia.org)
In order to perform physiological functions, membrane proteins are facilitated to rotate and diffuse laterally in two dimensional expanse of lipid bilayer by the presence of a shell of lipids closely attached to protein surface, called annular lipid shell. (wikipedia.org)
The bilayer formed by membrane lipids serves as a containment unit of a living cell. (wikipedia.org)
Non-bilayer forming lipid like monogalactosyl diglyceride (MGDG) predominates the bulk lipids in thylakoid membranes, which when hydrated alone, forms reverse hexagonal cylindrical phase. (wikipedia.org)
It is shown that cholesterol segregates preferentially around the receptors in both leaflets of the lipid bilayer, interacting robustly with specific transmembrane sites and creating a network of bridging microdomains. (iucr.org)
Within the scope of the SFB1027 we aim to determine which intrinsic protein features and which lipid-mediated parameters define a hairpin topology that allows bilayer-to-monolayer membrane partitioning. (uni-saarland.de)
Inserted into the lipid bilayer - which mimics a cell membrane - are modeled structures of CopA proteins, with a section (in pink) that resides inside the lipid and sections above the lipid surface (brown) and slightly inside the liposome (also brown, but inside). (medicaldesignbriefs.com)
The red blood cell membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer and proteins assembled in a complex manner that protects the red blood cell's integrity and allows a bidirectional flux of electrolytes, energy, and information between the cell and its environment. (medscape.com)
The lipid bilayer contains nearly equal quantities (molar ratio of 0.9-1) of unesterified cholesterol and phospholipids asymmetrically distributed between the outer and inner leaflets. (medscape.com)
According to this model, which of the following float singly or as aggregates in the fluid lipid bilayer? (browsegrades.net)
Cell adhesion molecules Integral membrane proteins float freely in the fluid lipid bilayer. (browsegrades.net)
Little is currently known on how the presence of nanoparticles influences lipid vesicle stability and bilayer phase behavior. (biomedcentral.com)
Formation of bilayer-embedded nanoparticles was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence anisotropy, where increasing nanoparticle concentration suppressed the lipid pretransition temperature, reduced the melting temperature, and disrupted gel phase bilayers. (biomedcentral.com)
These results suggest that lipid bilayers can distort to accommodate large hydrophobic nanoparticles, relative to the thickness of the bilayer, and may provide insight into nanoparticle/biomembrane interactions and the design of multifunctional liposomal carriers. (biomedcentral.com)
In lipid vesicles, nanoparticle encapsulation can be achieved by trapping particles within the aqueous vesicle core or within the hydrophobic lipid bilayer. (biomedcentral.com)
To embed nanoparticles within lipid bilayers, the nanoparticle must be small enough to fit within a DPPC bilayer and it must present a hydrophobic surface. (biomedcentral.com)
Likewise, Jang et al [ 7 ] embedded 2.5-3.5 nm silicon particles with chemisorbed 1-octanol into bilayer membranes composed of DOXYL-labeled phosphocholine lipids. (biomedcentral.com)
Disruption of such inter-lipid interactions can result in changes in lipid bilayer phase behavior, which is related to the degree of lipid ordering and bilayer viscosity. (biomedcentral.com)
This work demonstrates the formation of hybrid lipid/nanoparticle assemblies (LNAs) containing hydrophobic decanethiol-modified silver nanoparticles (Ag-decanethiol) and the effect of embedded nanoparticles on bilayer structure. (biomedcentral.com)
A major challenge in the application of proteins in biomedical research is their inability to cross the lipid bilayer of mammalian cells. (iisc.ac.in)
Mugesh's group developed a novel strategy for the transport of proteins and small molecules across the cell plasma membrane using halogen bonding as a powerful tool, which provides a simple and efficient method for the transport of proteins across the lipid bilayer. (iisc.ac.in)
At the target cell, the hormones are released from the carrier protein and diffuse across the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane of cells. (openstax.org)
Early T cell signalling reactions are embedded in the complex and dynamic lipid bilayer matrix of the T cell plasma membrane and are critically defined by their lateral compartmentalisation in plasma membrane domains [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However specific lipid-mediated interactions at the T cell plasma membrane bilayer are also a central functional element in early TCR signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
Most acanthocytic disorders are associated with acquired abnormalities of the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer. (medscape.com)
The channel is a multimeric complex made of 15 kDa subunits and responds directly to the tension in the lipid bilayer. (usda.gov)
The dual localization of proteins also raises a topological problem simply because the ER membrane is often a common biological phospholipid bilayer, whereas the triglyceride core in the lipid droplet is surrounded by a monolayer only. (calcimimeticagent.com)
Therefore, the mode of protein binding is theoretically restricted to lipid anchors, amphipathic helices, or hairpin structures, whereas proteins with transmembrane stretches followed by hydrophilic tails can't be accommodated (1) unless a single assumes that excess membrane could form nearby wrinkles of bilayer, as proposed earlier (82). (calcimimeticagent.com)
The cell membrane is also made of the phospholipid bilayer which as well has proteins embedded in it. (grabmyessay.com)
An earlier study showed that, upon interaction with a common model bilayer, a protein cushion spontaneously forms underneath the bilayer. (lu.se)
A decrease in the number of histidine from the original seven to zero decreases the ability of the peptide to penetrate the bilayer, and the peptide is then also found residing within the bilayer. (lu.se)
We hypothesize that this is due to the ability of the histidines to charge titrate, which charges up the peptide, and enables it to penetrate and translocate through the lipid bilayer. (lu.se)

However, in combination with other lipids and carotenoids/chlorophylls of thylakoid membranes, they too conform together as lipid bilayers. (wikipedia.org)
liposomal structures formed by total lipid extract of thylakoid membranes have been found sensitive to sucrose as it turns bilayers into micellar structures. (wikipedia.org)
Cellular membranes are heterogeneous planar lipid bilayers displaying lateral phase separation with the nanometer-scale liquid-ordered phase (aka "lipid rafts" or Lo) surrounded by the liquid-disordered phase (Ld). (typeset.io)
This behavior, however, has never been reproduced in vitro in model bilayers with recombinant proteins, and therefore has been attributed to action of other proteins binding Ras at the membrane surface. (typeset.io)
To create lipid bilayers that spontaneously forms nanometer-sized raft domains (approx. (typeset.io)
In this work, the formation of aqueous lipid/nanoparticle assemblies (LNAs) consisting of hydrophobic silver-decanethiol particles (5.7 ± 1.8 nm) embedded within 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) bilayers is demonstrated as a function of the DPPC/Ag nanoparticle (AgNP) ratio. (biomedcentral.com)
The dispersions were stable at 50°C where the bilayers existed in a liquid crystalline state, but phase separated at 25°C where the bilayers were in a gel state, consistent with vesicle aggregation below the lipid melting temperature. (biomedcentral.com)
To address this gap in our understanding of PI3Kβ regulation, we established an assay to directly visualize and decipher how three binding interactions regulate PI3Kβ when presented to the kinase in a biologically relevant configuration on supported lipid bilayers. (elifesciences.org)
The data represent the first direct determination of the cholesterol-binding structure of a membrane protein in lipid bilayers, and moreover indicate a specific mechanism by which cholesterol concentration gradients in the membrane drive the M2 protein to the neck of the budding virus to conduct membrane scission. (lu.se)
1990) Human protectin (CD59), an 18,000 20,000 MW complement lysis restricting factor, inhibits C5b-8 catalysed insertion of C9 into lipid bilayers. (sdbonline.org)

The addition of an affinity tag allowed us to avoid the use of antibodies targeted toward the intracellular C-terminal tail of APP, a region to which a number of reported interacting proteins bind ( King and Turner, 2004 ). (jneurosci.org)
It is known that GSLs interact with both intracellular as well as exogenous proteins and are critical for membrane organisation, signalling, and recognition events. (springer.com)
As many clinically valuable targets like DNA, mRNA or protein/enzymes reside inside the cell membrane, development of efficient intracellular targeted MR CA is required. (mpg.de)
Depending on the location of the protein receptor on the target cell and the chemical structure of the hormone, hormones can mediate changes directly by binding to intracellular hormone receptors and modulating gene transcription, or indirectly by binding to cell surface receptors and stimulating signaling pathways. (openstax.org)
The steroid hormones pass through the plasma membrane of a target cell and adhere to intracellular receptors residing in the cytoplasm or in the nucleus. (openstax.org)
Figure 37.5 An intracellular nuclear receptor (NR) is located in the cytoplasm bound to a heat shock protein (HSP). (openstax.org)
Critical for cellular organization, phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipids regulate the localization and activity of numerous proteins across intracellular membranes in eukaryotic cells ( Di Paolo and De Camilli 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)
Numerous intracellular signalling proteins interact with plasma membrane lipids of the cytoplasmic leaflet via specific lipid headgroup-binding domains. (biomedcentral.com)
Cullen, 1997), suggesting that an increase in intracellular IP4 levels leads to the release of the PH domain from the membrane. (sdbonline.org)
These receptors bind various cargo proteins via their luminal Vps10p domains and have been shown to mediate a variety of intracellular sorting and trafficking functions. (biomedcentral.com)
Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)

Whereas the trisaccharidic head group of Gb 3 defines the specificity of Shiga toxin binding, the lipophilic part composed of sphingosine and different fatty acids is suggested to determine its localization within membranes impacting membrane organisation and protein binding eventually leading to protein internalisation. (springer.com)
A similar increasing trend in the temperature dependence of F/Fo values was observed confirming their conclusion of the localization of the mant-labeled C-terminal N-Ras lipopeptide outside of lipid rafts-readily accessible by acceptor fluorophores. (typeset.io)
In this review, we present an overview of several structural and functional features of the F-type ATPases that vary across taxa and are purported to be adaptive or otherwise evolutionarily significant: ion channel selectivity, rotor ring size and stoichiometry, ATPase dimeric structure and localization in the mitochondrial inner membrane, and interactions with membrane lipids. (escholarship.org)
Previous experiments have not been able to elucidate whether interactions with membrane-tethered proteins primarily control PI3Kβ localization versus directly modulate lipid kinase activity. (elifesciences.org)
Using single molecule Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy, we determined the mechanism controlling membrane localization of PI3Kβ, prioritization of signaling inputs, and lipid kinase activation. (elifesciences.org)
To decipher how amplification of PI(3,4,5)P 3 arises from the relay of signals between cell surface receptors, lipids, and peripheral membrane proteins, we must understand how membrane localization and activity of PI3Ks is regulated by different signaling inputs. (elifesciences.org)
ACBD3 is responsible for proper localization of enteroviral 3A proteins in host cells, which is important for 3A to recruit PI4KB. (uu.nl)
Hence, the applications for imaging protein localization and dynamics require high accuracy, particularly at high spatio-temporal level. (biomedcentral.com)
Besides direct overlap of dual-color fluorescence signals, the co-localization analysis was carried out quantitatively in combination with the methodology for calculating puncta distance and protein proximity index. (biomedcentral.com)
2010). Crooked, coiled and crimpled are three Ly6-like proteins required for proper localization of septate junction components. (sdbonline.org)
Due to the fact Dictyostelium Net4 is identified on lipid droplets when the medium is supplemented with fatty acid (Fig. 5D), we also tested the localization for the human NET4 protein and, certainly, discovered this house conserved from amoebae to humans (Fig. 5E and F). Dual localization of lipid droplet proteins. (calcimimeticagent.com)
Given the observation that both GFP fusions of LdpA show exactly the same localization behaviors, future experiments could address the query of whether the ends of this protein face the cytoplasm or the ER lumen and evaluate these topological benefits with data obtained from the Ldp protein residing on lipid droplets.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe thank Carmen Demme for production of monoclonal antibodies from hybridoma cell lines. (calcimimeticagent.com)

Here, cryo-EM is used to examine the protein-lipid architecture of this membrane in tubular vesicles obtained from the (muscle-derived) electric organ of the Torpedo ray. (iucr.org)
As reported earlier, the helical arrangement of the protein component of the vesicles facilitates image averaging and enables us to determine how cholesterol and phospho-lipid molecules are distributed in the surrounding matrix, using headgroup size as a means to discriminate between the two kinds of lipid. (iucr.org)
Here, we analyse by cryo-EM the architecture of this membrane in vesicles isolated from the (muscle-derived) electric organ of the Torpedo ray, with view to defining the protein-lipid interplay required to achieve an optimal neurotransmitter response. (iucr.org)
It mediates fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane resulting in exocytosis of neurotransmitters. (researchgate.net)
These molecules enabled us to address the question, where the Gb 3 sphingolipids are localized prior protein binding by means of fluorescence microscopy on giant unilamellar vesicles. (springer.com)
In this paper, we report the observation of the nucleotide-dependent switch of lipid domain preferences of the semisynthetic lipidated N-Ras in raft lipid vesicles in the absence of other proteins. (typeset.io)
The movement of protein from the ER to the Golgi is called anterograde transport and it is mediated by ER coat proteins (COPII) that accumulate at the site where the ER buds off to form tubules or vesicles that are targeted to the Golgi. (oup.com)
These scaffolding proteins have large, extended structural domains that would allow vesicles to accumulate and be stabilized in the vicinity of target membranes. (oup.com)
We studied the thermal plasticity of membrane fluidity using three fluorescent probes across a temperature range of -5 to 41 °C in isolated microsomal fraction (MF), vacuolar membrane (VM), and plasma membrane (PM) vesicles from Arabidopsis plants. (bvsalud.org)
Caveolins are found predominantly at the plasma membrane but also in the Golgi, the endoplasmic reticulum, in vesicles, and at cytosolic locations. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, VIP21 was isolated as an integral membrane protein component of transport vesicles derived from the trans-Golgi network in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, suggesting that Cav-1/VTP21 may have a role in molecular trafficking as well as oncogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
membrane vesicles (MVs) involved in ER and NE formation (6-13). (gasyblog.com)
The cell membrane also contains Golgi equipments that are responsible for transportation of vesicles introduced from the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. (grabmyessay.com)

The arrangements of lipids and various proteins, acting as receptors and channel pores in the membrane, control the entry and exit of other molecules and ions as part of the cell's metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
5. Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors? (browsegrades.net)
Ribosomes ANS: D .te Ligands are specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane. (browsegrades.net)
Therefore, the commonly used tools involve the use of electroporation, infectious reagents or secreted receptors that reside on the surface of the cell or the extracellular matrix. (iisc.ac.in)
Other lipid-soluble hormones that are not steroid hormones, such as vitamin D and thyroxine, have receptors located in the nucleus. (openstax.org)
The hormones diffuse across both the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope, then bind to receptors in the nucleus. (openstax.org)
The class 1A phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) beta (PI3Kβ) is functionally unique in the ability to integrate signals derived from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and Rho-family GTPases. (elifesciences.org)
Ras signaling can be thought of in simple terms as occuring downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases, triggered by association of adaptor proteins with the phosphorylated cytoplasmic tails of these receptors. (sdbonline.org)
These data indicate that the α- and γ-secretase cleavages of the mammalian Vps10p sorting receptors occur in a fashion analogous to other known γ-secretase substrates, and could possibly regulate the biological functions of these proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

These endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived organelles consist of a core of neutral lipids (mainly triglycerides and sterol-esters), which is uniquely encapsulated by a phospholipid monolayer . (uni-saarland.de)
The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis and may serve as a source of nutrients for both of these pathogens. (usda.gov)
Rather than residing in a specific location, the researchers were surprised to see that the protein oscillated back and forth between the endoplasmic reticulum - a network of membranes important for protein and lipid synthesis - and bubble- or tube-shaped structures within the cell. (funguyinspections.com)
Further research suggests that MavQ, along with a partner molecule called SidP, remodels the endoplasmic reticulum so that Legionella can steal parts of the membrane to help create and sustain the vacuole, a structure that houses the parasite inside cells and protects it from immune attack. (funguyinspections.com)
Indeed , Smt1, Ldp, and Net4 are all discovered within the endoplasmic reticulum in the absence of fatty acids, i.e., when lipid droplets are absent (Fig. three, 4, and five). (calcimimeticagent.com)
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is liable for lipid synthesis and converting processes of metabolic inclusive of drug detoxification and lacks ribosomes while the rough endoplasmic reticulum is answerable for protein synthesis due to the presence of ribosomes (Detich et al. (grabmyessay.com)
This ability to exploit structure within a pre-protein is an unexplored area of protein transport, which may apply to other protein transporters, such as those of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. (elifesciences.org)

The presence of such a protein scaffold could be inferred from early micrographs of plant Golgi bodies because they were surrounded by a zone of exclusion which excluded other organelles, including the ubiquitous cytoplasmic ribosomes. (oup.com)
In the following, we refer to pump of halophilic archaebacteria, has become the these as the extracellular (EC) channel and the paradigm of membrane proteins in general and ion cytoplasmic (CP) channel. (lu.se)
The TCR signalling cascade is initiated by phosphorylation of critical tyrosines of the TCR/CD3 complex by the Src-family kinases Lck or Fyn which are anchored in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the T cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)

Figure 2: Known initial biochemical steps responsible for the synthesis of all lipids. (nature.com)
Proteins embedded into this membrane include key enzymes for the hydrolysis and synthesis of neutral lipids. (uni-saarland.de)
The lactogenic differentiation of the secretory epithelial cells is characterized by the synthesis of lactose and milk fat and by the expression of milk protein genes, such as beta-casein or whey acidic protein (WAP). (biomedcentral.com)
As these amino acids are unnatural (not genetically coded), the protein synthesis machinery in the cells does not accept them. (iisc.ac.in)
mRNA translation initiation regulation has a pivotal role in achieving the synthesis of the appropriate battery of proteins needed to cope with temperature stress. (bvsalud.org)
The replication of DNA and transcription takes place in the nucleus while on the other hand translation of the mRNA takes place in ribosomes, which is essential in carrying out protein synthesis for the transportation. (grabmyessay.com)

Cholesterol interactions with the receptor are apparently essential for stabilizing and maintaining its physiological architecture, since the transmembrane structure contracts, involving displacements of the helices at the outer membrane surface by ∼2 Å (1-3 Å), when this lipid is extracted. (iucr.org)
Being typically a minor component of the cell membrane, they are of utmost importance for biological functions that rely on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions (Schnaar and Kinoshita 2015 ). (springer.com)
We emphasize the importance of studying these features within the context of the enzyme's particular lipid environment: Just as the interactions between an organism and its physical environment shape its evolutionary trajectory, ATPases are impacted by the membranes within which they reside. (arxiv.org)
Just as the interactions between an organism and its physical environment shape its evolutionary trajectory, ATPases are impacted by the membranes within which they reside. (escholarship.org)
The mechanism by which PI3Kβ prioritizes interactions with various membrane tethered signaling inputs, however, remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
The PM provides an environment in which macromolecules interact efficiently, including the clustering of proteins in oligomeric complexes via protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions, the docking and anchoring of protein complexes for regulatory reactions and other precisely orchestrated processes [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
All these reports highlighted protein-protein interactions as critical driving force of TCR signalling complex formation. (biomedcentral.com)
The study of MscL, a highly convenient model system, will give us basic understanding and the first example of what type of intramolecular interactions, sequence motifs, and conformations make membrane proteins sensitive to a physiologically relevant mechanical stimulation. (usda.gov)
FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
Our hypothesis is that this effect is of electrostatic origin and that the observed behavior is due to proton charge fluctuations of the histidines, promoting attractive electrostatic interactions between the positively charged proteins and the anionic surfaces, with concomitant counterion release. (lu.se)

Figure 1: Biological membranes are often depicted as a sea of homogenous lipid in which membrane proteins reside and cytosolic proteins translocate. (nature.com)
Cells store the majority of their metabolic energy in cytosolic lipid droplets. (uni-saarland.de)
The cytosolic ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase is recruited to the T cell plasma membrane via binding to the tyrosine phosphorylated TCR-complex [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Specific protein that mediate ER and NE set up and even comparative contributions of protein within cytosol Toceranib on the membranes or both in cytosol with the membranes stay elusive (11 14 15 27 Because MVs fuse and type an ER network within a protein-free buffer supplemented with GTP (28) the protein necessary for these rearrangements are either transmembrane protein or cytosolic protein tightly from the membranes. (gasyblog.com)
Alternatively membrane targeting towards the chromatin and GTP-dependent lipid blending on the chromatin surface area at the first levels of NE set up do not need transmembrane protein as demonstrated within an program where MVs had been changed by phosphatidylcholine (Computer) liposomes with linked cytosolic protein (29). (gasyblog.com)
Within this research of ER and NE set up in the egg reconstitution program we explored the comparative efforts of cytosolic protein (defined right here as protein that can be found either just in cytosol or both in cytosol so that as peripheral protein in Mouse monoclonal to RUNX1 the membranes) and specifically membrane-residing (MR) proteins such as transmembrane proteins. (gasyblog.com)
rotor TLC-55 Beckman) into cytosolic light membrane and weighty membrane (enriched in mitochondria) fractions. (gasyblog.com)
A combination of molecular simulation with hydrogendeuterium-exchange mass spectrometry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal an asymmetry across the membrane: ATP-induced conformational changes in the cytosolic cavity promote unfolded pre-protein structure, while the exterior cavity favours its formation. (elifesciences.org)

We recently discovered that lipid droplets share targeting machinery with peroxisomes for some of their membrane protein constituents (Schrul and Kopito, Nature Cell Biology 2016, doi: 10.1038/ncb3373). (uni-saarland.de)

From studies of APP trafficking and metabolism, the following pathways have emerged: in the first, a fraction of APP molecules residing on the cell surface are processed by ADAM/TACE "sheddases" N-terminal to the ectodomain-transmembrane domain to generate an 83 aa membrane-tethered stub, termed α-CTF. (jneurosci.org)
alternatively, APP molecules that are subject to endocytosis are proteolyzed by BACE1 at a site further N-terminal to the membrane domain to generate a 99 aa membrane-tethered stub, termed β-CTF. (jneurosci.org)
an Cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane and allow cells to hook together. (browsegrades.net)
With these molecules in hand, it became possible to investigate the phase behaviour of liquid ordered/liquid disordered supported membranes doped with the Gb 3 species by means of fluorescence and atomic force microscopy. (springer.com)
In contrast, globosides are neutral lipid molecules. (springer.com)
To detect segregation of Ras molecules in raft and disordered lipid domains, we measured Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between the donor fluorophore, mant, attached to the protein-bound guanine nucleotides, and the acceptor, rhodamine-conjugated lipid, localized to the liquid-disordered domains. (typeset.io)
Artificial enzymes are synthetic proteins or small molecules that mimic the function of the natural enzymes. (iisc.ac.in)
Mugesh's group at the Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry has made remarkable contributions to the development of novel methods for an efficient delivery of proteins and synthetic small molecules into human cells and regulation of cellular functions by artificial enzymes, which have direct impact on human health. (iisc.ac.in)
The lipid matrix in cell membranes is a dynamic, bidimensional array of amphipathic molecules exhibiting mesomorphism, which contributes to the membrane fluidity changes in response to temperature fluctuation. (bvsalud.org)
From the MRD data, the rotational correlation time of detergent-solubilized BR was determined to 35 ns at 300 K, con- sistent with a monomeric protein in complex with about 150 detergent molecules. (lu.se)
While the locations and inferred H-bond connec- water molecules in a membrane protein, despite tivities of these internal water molecules are essen- being deeply buried and extensively H-bonded to tial, one would also like to quantify their mobility. (lu.se)
Higher ordering of lipid acyl chains was suggested for these entities and imaging of membrane order in living cells during activation can therefore help to understand the mechanisms responsible for the supramolecular organization of molecules involved in the activation of T cells. (ox.ac.uk)

This protein can be used either to change the structure of the cell or to produce enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. (openstax.org)
Tagliabracci's lab studies atypical kinases, unusual forms of enzymes that transfer chemical groups called phosphates onto proteins or lipids, changing their function. (funguyinspections.com)
Topological research were not too long ago started for some lipid-synthesizing enzymes (79), and also the mode of membrane insertion was also investigated for caveolin (83). (calcimimeticagent.com)
The extruded lipids are arranged into lamellae in the intercellular space with the help of concomitantly released hydrolytic enzymes. (medscape.com)
Ribosomes are critical for protein meeting, such as enzymes that are vital for many cellular functions. (grabmyessay.com)

The cholinergic postsynaptic membrane is an acetyl-choline receptor-rich membrane mediating fast chemical communication at the nerve-muscle synapse. (iucr.org)
Structure of the ACh receptor in Torpedo postsynaptic membrane. (iucr.org)
c ) The 5.8 Å density map and superimposed 2.7 Å structure of the Torpedo receptor (PDB entry 6uwz ) obtained from detergent-solubilized protein complexed with α -bungarotoxin. (iucr.org)
The results clearly highlight the influence of the different fatty acids of the Gb 3 sphingolipids on the phase behaviour and the binding properties of Shiga toxin B subunits, even though the membranes were only doped with 5 mol% of the receptor lipid. (springer.com)
2018 ). Here, we will solely focus on the less recognized globosides and in particular the globoside Gb 3 , which is the membrane receptor for vero toxins. (springer.com)
Green fluorescent protein (GFP) marks both the ER and the Golgi because the GFP is reporting on the distribution of a receptor (ERD2), which cycles between the ER and Golgi. (oup.com)
Proteins that stay in the ER, so-called ER resident proteins, briefly leave the ER via COPII, but are recognized by the recycling receptor (ERD2) which binds to a terminal four amino acid sequence (KDEL or HDEL). (oup.com)
Upon hormone binding, the receptor dissociates from the heat shock protein and translocates to the nucleus. (openstax.org)
The observed spatial patterning of membrane order in the immunological synapse depends on active receptor signalling. (ox.ac.uk)
The focus of Dr. Berg's work is on the signaling proteins and pathways regulating T lymphocyte development, differentiation, activation, and migration, with a strong emphasis on T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling. (cuanschutz.edu)
More specifically, substrates with certain FYVE domains (named after the first four proteins in this motif, Fab1, YotB, Vac1p, and EEA1) bind PIP, and these pathways have been implicated in vesicular trafficking or receptor-mediated endocytosis ( 5 ). (asm.org)
The mammalian Vps10p sorting receptor family is a group of 5 type I membrane homologs (Sortilin, SorLA, and SorCS1-3). (biomedcentral.com)
In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , the minimal transport machinery includes the membrane proteins Pex13 and Pex14 and the cargo-protein-binding transport receptor, Pex5. (tcdb.org)
The ATP-dependent dislocation of the PTS1 receptor from the peroxisomal membrane into the cytosol is mediated by the AAA peroxins Pex1p and Pex6p ( Platta et al . (tcdb.org)
DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
These plasma membrane proteins are accountable for keeping homeostasis through shipping or with the aid of appearing as receptor sites or maybe inside the immune device for ell to cellular popularity. (grabmyessay.com)

Peripheral membrane proteins b. (browsegrades.net)
om ANS: B Peripheral membrane proteins are not embedded in the layer, but reside at the surface. (browsegrades.net)

At the heart of a renaissance in lipid biochemistry, systems biology is being used to define the cellular lipome, build a comprehensive picture of metabolic interconnections, discover new molecular species and determine how lipids modulate biological functions. (nature.com)
The MARV matrix layer confers the virion filamentous shape and stability but how host lipids modulate mVP40 oligomerization is mostly unknown. (uci.edu)

[ 6 ] ABCA12 encodes a transmembrane protein that mediates lipid transport. (medscape.com)

These complexes assemble into submicron TCR signalling domains in the T cell plasma membrane which were first studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy at the contact zone of a T cell with TCR-activating glass coverslips. (biomedcentral.com)
Confocal fluorescence microscopy was employed to monitor the distribution of TCR signalling plasma membrane sites and to relate their distribution to that of clustered raft markers which show resistance to Triton X 100 detergent solubilisation. (biomedcentral.com)

We also propose that stretch in the membrane increases the tilt of the M1 and M2 helices, making the barrel wider. (usda.gov)
They form a massive 5.8 megadalton supercomplex of 150 proteins with at least 300 transmembrane helices and 311 lipids. (evolutionnews.org)

New technologies for purifying membrane-bound protein complexes in combination with cryo-electron microscopy (EM) have recently allowed the exploration of such complexes under near-native conditions. (researchgate.net)
Purification of APP-AT protein complexes and identification of the constituents by mass spectrometry revealed several previously reported APP-interacting proteins as well as proteins involved in synaptic maintenance. (jneurosci.org)
In the presence of either pY/GβGγ or pY/Rac1(GTP), PI3Kβ activity is dramatically enhanced beyond what can be explained by the increase in membrane avidity for these complexes. (elifesciences.org)
The assembly of protein complexes and compositional lipid patterning act together to endow cells with the plasticity required to maintain compositional heterogeneity with respect to individual proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
We will here discuss recent data which provide a detailed picture of the membrane raft characteristics of the plasma membrane domains supporting active TCR signalling protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
Several epidemiological studies have reported an association between environmental pollution and various health conditions in individuals residing in industrial complexes. (eaht.org)
These results can be used as basic objective data for developing health management measures for individuals residing near industrial complexes. (eaht.org)
The peroxisomal protein import machinery, which shares similarities with chloroplasts, is unique in transporting folded and large (up to 10 nm in diameter) protein complexes into peroxisomes. (tcdb.org)

Within the cell, TSPO is predominantly located in mitochondria, specifically in the outer mitochondrial membrane. (uni-regensburg.de)
Another crucial component of a cell membrane is mitochondria. (grabmyessay.com)

The site where this exit from the ER takes place is called the ER exit site (ERES), a special protein domain in the ER, which in animal cells resides far from the one to eight Golgi stacks located next to the nucleus. (oup.com)
The recycling of protein back to the ER from the Golgi is called retrograde transport and is mediated by the Golgi coat proteins (COPI). (oup.com)
Movie 2 The COPII region is shown by SAR 1, a Rab protein involved in ER transport to the Golgi. (oup.com)
Certainly, the concerted movement shown in Movie 2 indicates that there are tubular connections between the Golgi and the ER or there is some kind of protein scaffold that holds the structure together. (oup.com)
These are either trans -membrane proteins or proteins that bind to lipid-anchored GTP-binding proteins that reside in the Golgi. (oup.com)
While it was recently demonstrated that the A. phagocytophilum-occupied vacuole (ApV) intercepts membrane traffic from the trans-Golgi network, it is unclear if it or the A. marginale-occupied vacuole (AmV) interacts with other secretory organelles. (usda.gov)
Here, we revealed a role of a Golgi-residing protein, ACBD3, as a mediator of PI4KB recruitment upon enterovirus replication. (uu.nl)

Separation of three lipidomes is exemplified: (i) Escherichia coli, (ii) SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, and (iii) lipids assembled in polymer nanodiscs. (researchgate.net)
Lipid droplets are highly dynamic organelles that balance influx, storage and consumption of neutral lipids in nearly all cells of our body and are therefore central hubs in lipid metabolism. (uni-saarland.de)
Eukaryotic cells have membrane bounded cellular components called organelles. (testbankltd.com)
Here, we show that APP can coimmunoprecipitate NEEP21 from nontransgenic mouse brain and from mammalian cells stably coexpressing both proteins. (jneurosci.org)
te Free-floating nuclear material describes a prokaryotic cell, which would not have a distinct w Eukaryotic cells have membrane bounded cellular components called organelles. (browsegrades.net)
Secretory epithelial cells display lactogenic differentiation which is characterized by the expression of milk protein genes, such as beta-casein or whey acidic protein (WAP). (biomedcentral.com)
Differentiating HC11 cells displayed lower expression levels of milk protein genes than mammary glands of mid-pregnant or lactating mice. (biomedcentral.com)
The delivery of macromolecules into the cells by facilitating a halogen bonding between the cargo and membrane proteins is a safe and efficient method as it does not involve the use of any reagents that can affect the secondary structure of the proteins or the integrity of the lipids on the cell membrane. (iisc.ac.in)
Therefore, Mugesh's group used a strategy in which the genetic code of the organism has been expanded to accept and incorporate the halogenated amino acids into the proteins during the translation on ribosomes in the cells. (iisc.ac.in)
These results have huge biomedical applications as this strategy would allow the delivery of therapeutic proteins and genetic materials into the cells. (iisc.ac.in)
Mugesh, G. A Single Atom Change Facilitates the Membrane Transport of Green Fluorescent Proteins in Mammalian Cells. (iisc.ac.in)
Amino acid derived hormones and polypeptide hormones are not lipid-derived (lipid-soluble) and therefore cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane of cells. (openstax.org)
Membrane curvature generation and membrane remodeling underlie many biological processes such as virus entry into cells and virus budding. (lu.se)
3) The influenza virus buds from host cells in a cholesterol-dependent manner using the matrix protein M2. (lu.se)
In mammalian and arthropod host cells, A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale reside in host cell derived pathogen-occupied vacuoles (POVs). (usda.gov)
Scientists at UT Southwestern have discovered a key protein that helps the bacteria that causes Legionnaires' disease to set up house in the cells of humans and other hosts. (funguyinspections.com)
Caveolin-3 (Cav-3) has greater protein-sequence similarity to Cav-1 than to Cav-2, but it is expressed mainly in muscle cells, including smooth, skeletal, and cardiac myocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
We provided experimental data for the applications of Variable-Angle Epifluorescence Microscopy (VAEM) in dissecting protein dynamics in plant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The present study presented experimental evidence on illustrating the use of VAEM in tracking and dissecting protein dynamics, dissecting endosomal dynamics, cell structure assembly along with membrane microdomain and protein motility in intact plant cells. (biomedcentral.com)
High plasma membrane lipid order imaged at the immunological synapse periphery in live T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we employ the phase-sensitive membrane dye di-4-ANEPPDHQ together with a variety of spectrally-resolved microscopy techniques, including 2-channel ratiometric TIRF microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging, to characterize membrane order at the T cell immunological synapse at high spatial and temporal resolution in live cells at physiological temperature. (ox.ac.uk)
However analysis of membrane dynamics in living cells (17) and very recent studies in the nuclear reconstitution system (18-21) suggest that NE reassembly involves coalescence of ER elements. (gasyblog.com)
Acanthamoeba binding to HBMEC is mediated by a mannose-binding protein expressed on the surface of Acanthamoeba cells ( 2 ). (asm.org)
Looking at online resources for the expression on the genes we've got confirmed above as lipid droplet components of Dictyostelium, we discover that all of them are expressed in vegetatively expanding cells, i.e., within the absence of fatty acid addition. (calcimimeticagent.com)
Eukaryotic cells range from the greater primitive prokaryotic cells because of the presence of membranous organelles within the cytoplasm, a nuclear membrane and chromosomal proteins. (grabmyessay.com)
2003). Cell membranes also are crucial and cellular walls are found in plant cells. (grabmyessay.com)
They are determined in each animal and plant cells and are the sites of cellular breathing, which creates Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) that is used as energy by the cell membrane (Detich et al. (grabmyessay.com)
In normal circumstances, the ear wax is continuously pushed out of the ear canal by the slow migration of the top layer of skin cells from the tympanic membrane towards the outer ear. (kenyon.edu)
The encapsulation and compartmentalisation of cells has necessitated the evolution of machineries that conduct proteins across membranes, including for protein secretion and organellar import. (elifesciences.org)

Although pY peptides strongly localize PI3Kβ to membranes, they only modestly stimulate lipid kinase activity. (elifesciences.org)
Such signaling function has been associated with plant immunity, with an apparent connection to mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MPK6) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). (bvsalud.org)
A host lipid kinase, PI4KB, plays an important role in this membrane rearrangement. (uu.nl)
Her work on the T cell tyrosine kinase ITK has revealed a critical role for this TCR signaling protein in autoreactive T cell trafficking into tissues such as the pancreas and the intestine. (cuanschutz.edu)

However, next to nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying protein targeting to lipid droplets, the biogenesis of lipid droplets from the ER membrane and the integration of lipid droplet function into lipid metabolism. (uni-saarland.de)
Our lab investigates fundamental aspects of lipid droplet biogenesis and function. (uni-saarland.de)
2. How is lipid droplet biogenesis from the ER membrane regulated? (uni-saarland.de)
Our long-term goal is to understand how aberrant lipid droplet function contributes to human pathologies such as obesity, diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, which will enable the identification of novel therapeutic targets. (uni-saarland.de)
Conversely, inside a yeast strain unable to form lipid droplets, all common lipid MAP3K8 Synonyms droplet-resident proteins localize for the ER (80). (calcimimeticagent.com)
Christoph Thiele (Bonn, Germany) generously offered the lipid droplet-specific probe LD540, and Eric Schirmer (Edinburgh, Uk) created the mammalian NET4 plas. (calcimimeticagent.com)

Amphipathic lipids st b d. (browsegrades.net)
w Amphipathic lipids are a portion of the cell membrane. (browsegrades.net)

An advantage of using lipids as stabilizing or functional ligands is that they mimic the lipidic scaffolding of biological membranes and have well-characterized physicochemical properties and phase behavior. (biomedcentral.com)

MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)

[ 4 ] To preserve the red blood cell's shape and regulate the cell's deformability and mechanical stability, the plasma membrane is tethered to a filamentous network of proteins known as the membrane skeleton. (medscape.com)

The majority of inositol lipids reside in membranes and serve as substrates for kinases, phosphatases, and phospholipases. (asm.org)
All identified γ-secretase substrates are type I transmembrane proteins [ 29 ] and contain a putative stop transfer sequence immediately following the transmembrane region [ 30 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The ABC superfamily of genes encodes proteins that transport a number of substrates across cell membranes. (medscape.com)

Altogether, our data provide new insight into the central role of ACBD3 in recruiting PI4KB by enterovirus 3A and reveal the minimal domains of ACBD3 involved in recruiting PI4KB and supporting enterovirus replication.IMPORTANCE Similar to all other positive-strand RNA viruses, enteroviruses reorganize host cellular membranes for efficient genome replication. (uu.nl)

Many membrane-associated proteins were found to stably integrate in the rafts, which is critical for their biological function. (typeset.io)
At the same time, the isolated lipidated C-terminal peptide of N-Ras was found localized outside of the liquid-ordered rafts, most likely-in the bulk disordered lipid. (typeset.io)
Considerable controversy arose over the concept that cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich rafts in the T cell plasma membrane serve as a platform for TCR signalling reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
This controversy was founded on the initial definition of rafts as detergent resistant membranes which later turned out to misrepresent many features of cell membrane organisation under physiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
The results led to a refined perception of membrane rafts which resolves the controversies. (biomedcentral.com)
Cholesterol- and glycosphingolipid-enriched membrane lipid microdomains, frequently called lipid rafts, are thought to play an important role in the spatial and temporal organization of immunological synapses. (ox.ac.uk)

2) For the HIV fusion protein gp41, we have determined the oligomeric structure of the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) and the TMD. (lu.se)
Intact folded proteins and even oligomeric proteins can be transported. (tcdb.org)

Lipid Droplets (LDs) create a unique physicochemical environment in the cell as their hydrophobic neutral lipid core is segregated from the aqueous cytosol by a phospholipid monolayer . (uni-saarland.de)

The analysis of detergent-resistant T cell membranes had initiated the concept that early TCR signalling steps take place in cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich raft domains of T cell plasma membranes [ 10 ] (see Box for an overview of the current perception of raft domains in cell membranes). (biomedcentral.com)

The three major classes of membrane lipids are phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol. (wikipedia.org)
Cholesterol also occurs naturally in other eukaryote cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
Cell membranes require high levels of cholesterol - typically an average of 20% cholesterol in the whole membrane, increasing locally in raft areas up to 50% cholesterol (- % is molecular ratio). (wikipedia.org)
Although the cholesterol contents of the membrane are in equilibrium with the plasma free cholesterol, the uneven distribution of phospholipids is maintained by passive and active processes. (medscape.com)
The plasma of some patients exhibits decreased activity of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, resulting in increased free cholesterol in the outer layer of the red blood cell membrane as a direct consequence of its increased concentration in the plasma. (medscape.com)
ranging from 4 to 15 nm), the authors followed Pathak and London50 and utilized a lipid mixture of sphingomyelin (SM), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), and cholesterol in the equimolar ratio (referred to in the following as the raft lipid mixture). (typeset.io)
Cholesterol coupling has been reported to facilitate cellular import of siRNAs for effective silencing of protein expression [1]. (mpg.de)
We developed a contrast agent based on a lipid mediated delivery system by using cholesterol. (mpg.de)
To understand how cholesterol interacts with M2 to generate membrane curvature, we have determined the cholesterol-binding site of M2 by measuring protein-cholesterol distances and cholesterol orientation in the membrane. (lu.se)
Here we review new biophysical and biochemical data which provide an updated picture of the highly dynamic nanometer-sized cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich raft domains stabilised by protein-networks to form TCR signalling platforms in the T cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
Although the cholesterol contents of the membrane are in equilibrium with the plasmafree cholesterol, the uneven distribution of phospholipids is maintained by passive and active processes. (medscape.com)

Normal extrusion of lipid from these granules into the extracellular space cannot occur, and lipid lamellae are not formed. (medscape.com)

By transmission electron microscopy, they appear as structures resembling 'little caves', which are vesicular invaginations of the plasma membrane of 50-100 nanometer (nm) in size [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Many mechanistic features and protein constituents are still ill defined. (tcdb.org)

These studies tracked the movement of Lck and LAT in the T cell plasma membrane and showed retention of these proteins in the submicron TCR signalling domains and their subsequent release. (biomedcentral.com)

w The ribosomes are involved in manufacturing of proteins within the cell. (browsegrades.net)
w Ribosomes make proteins and are not involved in binding. (browsegrades.net)

1. What are the molecular mechanisms underlying protein targeting and insertion into the limiting membrane of lipid droplets? (uni-saarland.de)
Expansion from the NE membrane is normally followed by NPC insertion (9 20 22 Though it has been proven that some nucleoporins are implicated in NE development (23-26) the precise mechanisms where membrane growth impacts NPC set up are up to now unclear. (gasyblog.com)
Over two dozen proteins involved in protein import and membrane insertion, peroxins, encoded by PEX genes, have been characterized. (tcdb.org)
Most peroxisomal membrane proteins do not have PTS1 or PTS2, and insertion requires several peroxins distinct from those required for import of soluble matrix proteins. (tcdb.org)
The bulk of protein secretion and membrane protein insertion is conducted by the ubiquitous Sec translocon. (elifesciences.org)

Furthermore, its protein-lipid composition, organization and size are subject to modification by physiological events, making it an important mediator of neuronal plasticity. (iucr.org)

Entially reside in the outer nuclear membrane (43). (calcimimeticagent.com)
The function ascribed to Entially reside inside the outer nuclear membrane (43). (calcimimeticagent.com)

Phosphatidylcholine (30% of phospholipids) and sphingomyelin (30%) are found mainly in the outer layer, whereas phosphatidylethanolamine (28%) and phosphatidylserine (14%) reside in the inner layer. (medscape.com)
The outer ear consists of the pinna(the visible part of the ear) and the auditory ear canal to the tympanic membrane(ear drum). (kenyon.edu)
The membrane separates the outer ear from the middle ear which is an air-filled space that is connected to the nasopharynx via the eustachian tube. (kenyon.edu)
The middle ear, also known as the tympanic cavity, is an air filled space that is seperated from the outer ear by the tympanic membrane and from the inner ear by the fenestra vestibuli. (kenyon.edu)

Isoforms H and N of Ras GTPase possess a unique ability to switch their lipid domain preference depending on the type of bound guanine nucleotide (GDP or GTP). (typeset.io)
This niche is bound by a protective membrane which protects the pathogen from degradation and allows it to replicate. (usda.gov)
The paper says this supercomplex has "150 different proteins and 311 bound lipids, forming a stable 5.8-MDa assembly. (evolutionnews.org)
The membrane bound docking subcomplex includes several Pex proteins, Pex13p, 14p and 17p. (tcdb.org)

The postsynaptic membrane, apposing the pre-synaptic nerve terminal, is where transmitter-gated ion channels are concentrated. (iucr.org)
The postsynaptic membrane, by eliciting this response, plays a critical role in determining the efficacy and speed of synaptic transmission. (iucr.org)

AD is pathologically characterized by the deposition of pathogenic Aβ peptides that are derived from larger integral membrane proteins, termed β-amyloid precursor proteins (APPs). (jneurosci.org)
Aβ is liberated from type I integral membrane proteins, termed β-amyloid precursor proteins (APPs), by the concerted action of β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase (for review, see Selkoe, 2002 ). (jneurosci.org)
Integral membrane proteins c. (browsegrades.net)

This suggests that the biogenesis and function of these two organelles with complementary roles in lipid metabolism is coordinated. (uni-saarland.de)
Based on the data obtained from model organisms and humans, it is evident that metabolites associated with amino acids, lipids, carbohydrate, and redox metabolism may serve as biomarkers of aging and/or longevity. (biomed.news)
Perilipin 5 S155 phosphorylation by PKA is required for the control of hepatic lipid metabolism and glycemic control. (uci.edu)
We detected phosphorylation on S155 and identified S155 as a functionally important site for lipid metabolism. (uci.edu)
Re-expression of PLIN5 S155A in the liver of Plin5 liver-specific null mice reduced lipolysis compared with wild-type PLIN5 re-expression, but was not associated with other changes in hepatic lipid metabolism. (uci.edu)

Proteins targeted to the peroxisome (in plants called glyoxisomes) are synthesized in the cytoplasm of the cell and are targeted to the peroxisome post-translationally, possibly via multiple pathways. (tcdb.org)

To introduce a halogen at a specific site on the protein, the team used halogenated amino acids. (iisc.ac.in)

We employ a range of biochemical and cell biological techniques including in vitro reconstitution experiments, protein-interaction studies, organelle / protein isolations, CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing, RNA interference, quantitative proteomics, lipidomics analyses as well as advanced fluorescence and electron microscopy. (uni-saarland.de)
Marburg virus (MARV) is a lipid-enveloped virus harboring a negative sense RNA genome, which has caused sporadic outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fever in Sub-Saharan Africa. (uci.edu)

The dynamic metabolic function of LDs relies on specific proteins that integrate into this membrane in a monotopic hairpin-type topology. (uni-saarland.de)
yet, the biophysical principles enabling hairpin proteins to reside in these distinct physicochemical membrane environments as well as the partitioning between them remain unknown. (uni-saarland.de)

In an attempt to understand the function of APP, in vitro studies have focused on the identification of interacting proteins. (jneurosci.org)
In vitro studies have demonstrated normalization of lipid transport when the wild-type ABCA12 gene is transferred to keratinocytes of patients with harlequin ichthyosis. (medscape.com)

Acanthocytes can result from abnormalities in membrane lipids and proteins. (medscape.com)

Moreover, lateral motility of membrane proteins was analyzed by calculating diffusion coefficients and kymograph analysis, which represented an alternative method for examining protein motility. (biomedcentral.com)

Video microscopy technology resolving single molecule movement was employed to monitor the dynamic interaction of membrane-associated signalling proteins with TCR signalling clusters in plasma membrane domains. (biomedcentral.com)

Of note, with these extraction procedures, GSLs are categorized by their glycan structure, whereas the lipid tails are not determined (Fahy et al. (springer.com)
DPPC, a zwitterionic phospholipid with dual saturated C 16 tails, was chosen for this study as a model lipid system because of its well-characterized phase behavior [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

MscL, a mechanosensitive channel of large conductance, was the first isolated molecule shown to respond to membrane stretch by opening a large aqueous pore. (usda.gov)

TSPO is a ubiquitous mitochondrial protein and is involved in numerous biological functions. (uni-regensburg.de)

Anatomy42

Organisms12

Chemicals and Drugs105

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes64

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture7

Information Science3

Health Care1

Bilayer33

Bilayers10

Intracellular11

Localization12

Vesicles13

Receptors9

Endoplasmic7

Cytoplasmic3

Synthesis6

Interactions10

Cytosolic8

Discovered that lipid droplets1

Molecules12

Enzymes5

Receptor17

Peripheral2

Modulate2

Transmembrane protein1

Fluorescence microscopy2

Helices2

Complexes8

Mitochondria2

Golgi7

Cells29

Kinase4

Droplet6

Amphipathic2

Physicochemical properties1

Leaflet1

Regulate1

Substrates3

Cellular membranes1

Rafts6

Oligomeric2

Neutral lipid1

Plasma membranes1

Cholesterol11

Extracellular1

Structures1

Constituents1

Cell plasma membrane1

Ribosomes2

Insertion5

Physiological1

Nuclear membrane2

Outer4

Bound4

Synaptic2

Integral3

Metabolism5

Pathways1

Amino acids1

Genome2

Hairpin2

Vitro2

Abnormalities1

Lateral1

Microscopy1

Tails2

Aqueous1

Biological functions1