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Lipid MetabolismLipidsLipid AFatty AcidsLipid BilayersTriglyceridesPhospholipidsLiverCeruleninCholesterolAcyltransferasesGlyceryl EthersLipid PeroxidationGalactolipidsLynestrenolAcetatesSterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1Lipid Metabolism DisordersPlasmalogensMolecular Sequence DataEnergy MetabolismSterol Regulatory Element Binding ProteinsPhosphatidate PhosphataseGlycerophosphatesPhospholipid EthersTolnaftateFatty Acid SynthasesChromatography, Thin LayerLipid PeroxidesPhosphatidylcholinesObesityMembrane LipidsChondrodysplasia Punctata, RhizomelicGlucoseDiacylglycerol O-AcyltransferaseAcholeplasma laidlawiiAmino Acid SequenceGlycolipidsMutationKineticsGlycerolAcetyl-CoA CarboxylaseRNA, MessengerAlkyl and Aryl TransferasesInsulinGene Expression RegulationGene Expression ProfilingAcyl Carrier ProteinAdipose TissueBacterial ProteinsBlood GlucoseBody WeightCarbon IsotopesPhosphatidic AcidsModels, BiologicalCell MembraneCarbonCells, CulturedFatty Acids, NonesterifiedTime FactorsOxidation-ReductionEscherichia coliSignal TransductionBase SequenceInsulin ResistanceBiosynthetic PathwaysDietary FatsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionLipoproteinsMembrane MicrodomainsTranscription, GeneticLipolysisSaccharomyces cerevisiaeMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyMetabolismEndoplasmic ReticulumChromatography, High Pressure LiquidHyperlipidemiasMuscle, SkeletalPPAR alphaLipogenesisPhylogenyMetabolic Networks and PathwaysMice, Inbred C57BLChloroplastsEatingReceptors, Cytoplasmic and NuclearAdipocytesMolecular StructureSterolsLipoprotein LipaseCarbon RadioisotopesDietFatty Acids, UnsaturatedBiological TransportIntracellular MembranesCell LineLiposomesMembrane ProteinsHomeostasis

Neutral lipidsAccumulation of lipidEndogenousDegradationLigandsAdipose tissueProteinsPhysiologicalPeroxidationEnzymesPPARCholesterol metabolismPathwaySerumMicroalgaeHomeostasisDiabetesCompositionInsulinSpeciesMembraneAcidCellsStudiesStudyLevelsDiet

Neutral lipids3

• however, two-stage culture raised lipids to 50% in which neutral lipids were enhanced 2.14 times. (hindawi.com)
• This enables microalgae to accumulate a significant amount of neutral lipids under stress conditions. (hindawi.com)
• Fatty acid analysis showed that CLA was incorporated predominantly in mammary tissue neutral lipids, while the increase in CLA in mammary tissue phospholipids was minimal. (integratedhealthblog.com)

Accumulation of lipid2

• Nitrogen stress, by NR inhibition or other technique, led to accumulation of lipid in microalgae cells but at the same time it severely reduces growth rate. (hindawi.com)
• If the capacity of the adipocyte to store lipids is exceeded, it can no longer regulate the release of FFAs into the circulation, which ultimately leads to the abnormal accumulation of lipid in nonadipose depots. (jci.org)

Endogenous1

• Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are endogenous lipid ligands that bind to cannabinoid receptors that also mediate the effects of marijuana. (degruyter.com)

Degradation2

• The eCB system is comprised of eCBs, anandamide, and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, their cannabinoid-1 and cannabinoid-2 receptors (CB 1 and CB 2 , respectively), and the enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and degradation. (degruyter.com)
• Physiological processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of LIPIDS. (lookformedical.com)

Ligands1

• While the physiological role of adipose tissue in cholesterol and oxLDL metabolism remains to be established, the induction of OLR1 is a potential means by which PPARγ ligands regulate lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity in adipocytes. (jci.org)

Adipose tissue1

• Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces rat adipose tissue cell size rather than cell number. (raw-milk-facts.com)

Proteins4

• Covalent attachment of LIPIDS and FATTY ACIDS to other compounds and PROTEINS. (lookformedical.com)
• Oxidative stress can denature lipids and proteins [ 10 , 12 - 14 ], as well as induce DNA and RNA fragmentation [ 15 - 17 ], leading to cell dysfunction, injury, and death. (hindawi.com)
• Membrane embedded proteins are functionally regulated by the lipid composition of the surrounding bilayer. (sphingolipidclub.com)
• Taken together, these results demonstrate that curcumin is a PPARα activator and may affect expression levels of proteins involved in amyloid deposition to influence amyloidosis and metabolism in a complex manner. (elifesciences.org)

Physiological1

• In small hibernators, global downregulation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is involved in modulating neuronal signaling, feeding behavior, energy metabolism, and circannual rhythms, has been reported to possibly drive physiological adaptation to the hibernating state. (biomedcentral.com)

Peroxidation2

• Basu S, Smedman A, Vessby B. Conjugated linoleic acid induces lipid peroxidation in humans. (raw-milk-facts.com)
• Basu S, Riserus U, Turpeinen A, Vessby B. Conjugated linoleic acid induces lipid peroxidation in men with abdominal obesity. (raw-milk-facts.com)

Enzymes2

• Chronic high glucose dramatically influences β-cell lipid metabolism via substrate availability, changes in the activity and expression of enzymes of glucose and lipid metabolism, and modifications in the expression level of key transcription factors. (diabetesjournals.org)
• N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPEPLD) and sn-1-specific diacylglycerol lipase-α and β (DAGLA and DAGLB) are the main enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of NAEs and 2-AcGs, respectively [ 17 , 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

PPAR1

• RNA-sequence analysis revealed that curcumin intake affected hepatic lipid metabolism via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway, especially PPARα activation, resulting in increased Apoa2 mRNA expression. (elifesciences.org)

Cholesterol metabolism1

• Concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides are strongly correlated in the adipocyte, but little is known about mechanisms regulating cholesterol metabolism in fat cells. (jci.org)

Pathway2

• Pathway analysis indicated that phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and arachidonic acid metabolism were prone to interference in diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
• A pathway for taurine biosynthesis from serine and sulfate is reported in microalgae , [5] developing chicken embryos , [14] and chick liver . (cloudfront.net)

Serum4

• We explored circulating lipids in serum and the ECS in plasma and metabolically active tissues in free-ranging subadult Scandinavian brown bears when both active and hibernating. (biomedcentral.com)
• Abstract Background Most studies focused on the benefits of lycopene on serum lipids but no studies have been specifically designed to assess the role of a tomato sauce from vine-ripened tomatoes on patients affected by polygenic hypercholesterolemia. (researchgate.net)
• We measured serum lipids and creatinine and transaminases at basal and follow-up visit. (researchgate.net)
• We measured serum lipids and cr eatinine and transaminases at basal and follow-up visit. (researchgate.net)

Microalgae3

• Nitrogen stress increases lipids content in microalgae, the main feedstock for algal biodiesel. (hindawi.com)
• Microalgae are one of the most promising sources of biomass for biodiesel production thanks to their high lipid content [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Nutritional stress like nitrogen deprivation, phosphorus starvation, and iron supplementation can enhance the lipid content in many microalgae species [ 8 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

Homeostasis1

• The adipocyte is the major site of fatty acid storage in the body and plays a critical role in maintaining normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (jci.org)

Diabetes4

• In various mouse and rat models of obesity and type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, eCBs generated in various renal cells activate CB 1 receptors and contribute to the development of oxidative stress, inflammation, and renal fibrosis. (degruyter.com)
• Obesity can be viewed as a state of long-term lipid disequilibrium that is marked by massive adipocyte hypertrophy and is a major risk factor for developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
• Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease mainly caused by the disorder of metabolism, which has become huge threat to human health. (biomedcentral.com)
• Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease mainly caused by the disorder of metabolism, which divided into type I and II. (biomedcentral.com)

Composition1

• Moreover, endomitotic cell cycles could be modulated by the lipid composition of the membrane among GSL, SM and phosphoinositides. (sphingolipidclub.com)

Insulin1

• Finally, pro-ceramide genes, examined because ceramides cause insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and neurodegeneration, were significantly up-regulated by HFD and/or NDEA exposure, but the highest levels were generally present in brains of HFD+NDEA treated rats. (biomedcentral.com)

Species2

• Free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxidants that are normally produced as a by-product of normal aerobic metabolism [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
• In Krabbe's disease patient cells, GalCer is the primary lipid species accumulated, its de-N-acylated psychosine is also accumulated and psychosine was suggested as a cause of toxicity. (sphingolipidclub.com)

Membrane2

• Membrane glycosphingolipid (GSL) expression positively and sphingomyelin (SM) negatively correlated with multiploid cell formation, indicating the importance of lipid environment in the psychosine-mediated endomitosis. (sphingolipidclub.com)
• These data indicated that membrane lipid environment could be important for the proper mitotic event(s). (sphingolipidclub.com)

Acid7

• A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids. (lookformedical.com)
• A fatty acid coenzyme derivative which plays a key role in fatty acid oxidation and biosynthesis. (lookformedical.com)
• It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism. (lookformedical.com)
• A group of compounds that are derivatives of octadecanoic acid which is one of the most abundant fatty acids found in animal lipids. (lookformedical.com)
• The observed reduction in ECS tone may promote fatty acid mobilization from body fat stores, and favor carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal muscle of hibernating bears. (biomedcentral.com)
• Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid in humans. (raw-milk-facts.com)
• 2002. Concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid (cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid) are not increased in tissue lipids of cattle fed a high-concentrate diet supplemented with soybean oil. (raw-milk-facts.com)

Cells1

• Furthermore, we investigated the impact of nitrogen stress on Dunaliella tertiolecta cells, lipid compositions, and most important proprieties of produced biodiesel. (hindawi.com)

Studies2

• Previous studies have demonstrated that the quantity of lipids varies according to the change of growth conditions such as nutrients concentrations, light intensity, or temperature [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
• Preliminary studies indicate that CLA is a powerful anticarcinogen in the rat mammary tumor model with an effective range of 0.1-1% in the diet. (integratedhealthblog.com)

Study1

• The aim of this study was to compare the lipid-lowering effect of a novel functional tomato sauce with a well-known functional food with a lipid-lowering effect, i.e. a sterol-enriched yogurt. (researchgate.net)

Levels1

• In addition, increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine were measured in cerebella of HFD ± NDEA treated rats, and overall, NDEA+HFD treatment reduced brain levels of Tau, phospho-GSK-3β (reflecting increased GSK-3β activity), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and ChAT to greater degrees than either treatment alone. (biomedcentral.com)

Diet1

• or = 1% in the diet is protective against mammary carcinogenesis in rats. (integratedhealthblog.com)