Lipids bacterial cells cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

or anabolic - the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). (wikipedia.org)
Other proteins have structural or mechanical functions, such as those that form the cytoskeleton, a system of scaffolding that maintains the cell shape. (wikipedia.org)
Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
By using a lytic cocktail that is capable of degrading lipids, proteins and carbohydrate molecules, Bdellovibrio then generates an opening in the cell wall of the prey. (mpg.de)
In this review, we intend to summarize the current knowledge on the many functions of autophagy proteins in cell defenses with a focus on bacteria-macrophage interaction. (frontiersin.org)
It was the early 2000s, and Mukherjee was working in Dennis Shields's lab at Albert Einstein College of Medicine, studying how cells organize the internal transport of proteins and other cargo. (the-scientist.com)
Recently, efforts have been made to reconstruct it using the individual component proteins to obtain a better understanding of the process of self-reproduction of cells. (elsevierpure.com)
Genes for fundamental cell division proteins, FtsZ, FtsA, and ZipA, were expressed inside the lipid compartment of giant vesicles (GVs). (elsevierpure.com)
Cells from all levels of life secrete vesicles, which are nanoscale proteoliposomes packaged with a variety of proteins, lipids, and small molecule cargo. (duke.edu)
Furthermore, we demonstrate the ability of cell-free synthesized OSTs to glycosylate multiple target proteins with varying N -glycosylation acceptor sequons. (biorxiv.org)
Mechanistically, both peptides caused a significant reduction at G0/G1 phase, in correlation with an augmented expression of the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p53, p27, p21, necrosis, exacerbated generation of reactive oxygen species and diminished mitochondrial membrane potential, all hallmarks of cellular stress. (nature.com)
Lipid transport proteins at membrane contacts, where organelles are closely apposed, are critical in redistributing lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where they are made, to other cellular membranes. (rupress.org)
Below is a non-exhaustive list of in-house infrastructures that are categorized into three overarching themes: bio-imaging, proteins, genes & cells and other resources. (lu.se)

Most previous studies on bacterial lipid metabolism have focused on E. coli , a gamma-proteobacteria. (csun.edu)
The word metabolism can also refer to the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living organisms, including digestion and the transportation of substances into and between different cells, in which case the above described set of reactions within the cells is called intermediary (or intermediate) metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
The metabolism of cancer cells is also different from the metabolism of normal cells, and these differences can be used to find targets for therapeutic intervention in cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Amino acids also contribute to cellular energy metabolism by providing a carbon source for entry into the citric acid cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), especially when a primary source of energy, such as glucose, is scarce, or when cells undergo metabolic stress. (wikipedia.org)
In this study we investigated how different preparations of kefir impact cholesterol and lipid metabolism and circulating markers of cardiovascular disease risk and determine if freeze-drying impacts health benefits relative to past studies. (frontiersin.org)
As a new type of probe, the heavy isotope of water has been widely used in the study of cell development, metabolism, tissue homeostasis, aging, and tumor heterogeneity. (medsci.org)
Herein, we review findings supporting the applications of and research on heavy water in monitoring of bacterial metabolism, rapid detection of drug sensitivity, identification of tumor cells, precision medicine, and evaluation of skin barrier function and promote the use of heavy water as a suitable marker for the development of detection and treatment methodologies. (medsci.org)
In-depth study of small non-coding RNA molecules confirmed that microRNA (miR) has an important regulatory role in cell proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis and development processes ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In the cell, RNF213 was shown to be involved in fatty acid metabolism ( 11 ), and to associate with intracellular lipid droplets in a manner dependent on its E3 ligase and ATPase activities ( 12 ). (biorxiv.org)
Several unexpected findings in genetically altered mice have prompted research into the direction of intermediate metabolism of skeletal cells. (mdpi.com)

In the cell, RNF213 is involved in lipid droplet formation, lipotoxicity, hypoxia, and NF-κB signaling, but its exact function in these processes is unclear. (biorxiv.org)

Here we demonstrate a de novo synthesis approach based on a cell-free translation system. (elsevierpure.com)
Here, we address this challenge by establishing a bacterial cell-free protein synthesis platform that enables rapid production of a variety of OSTs in their active conformations. (biorxiv.org)
The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis and may serve as a source of nutrients for both of these pathogens. (usda.gov)
Calcium carbonate particle synthesis in a confined and dynamically thinning layer on a spin-coater - in situ deposition for cell adhesion. (mpg.de)
Thus, citric acid cycle intermedi- ates are not used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and are shuttled out of the mitochondria, providing precursors for nucleotide, amino acid, and lipid synthesis path- ways for the dividing cell [13]. (who.int)

Lipids are usually defined as hydrophobic or amphipathic biological molecules but will dissolve in organic solvents such as ethanol, benzene or chloroform. (wikipedia.org)
Rotational decoupling between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in lipid membranes. (mpg.de)
An x-ray structure shows that the C-terminal domain of mitoguardin-2 has a hydrophobic cavity that binds lipids. (rupress.org)

The life cycle of Mtb commences with the inhalation of infectious droplets expectorated by a patient with active pulmonary disease ( fig. 1 ). (ersjournals.com)
We identify mitoguardin-2, a mitochondrial protein at contacts with the ER and/or lipid droplets (LDs), as a lipid transporter. (rupress.org)

Roy's team had found that "this protein called AnkX, when microinjected into cells-even at picomole levels-could cause the entire Golgi to fragment in, like, five minutes," Mukherjee says. (the-scientist.com)
Our cell-free approach provides a platform for studying protein dynamics associated with lipid membrane and paves the way to create a synthetic cell that undergoes self-reproduction. (elsevierpure.com)
Plasma vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) was lowered by both whole kefir and heat-treated kefir in male mice but not females, while c-reactive protein (CRP) was unchanged across all high fat diet fed groups in males and females. (frontiersin.org)
Specifically, by using lipid nanodiscs as cellular membrane mimics, we obtained yields of up to 440 µg/mL for the single-subunit OST enzyme, 'Protein glycosylation B' (PglB) from Campylobacter jejuni , as well as for three additional PglB homologs from Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari , and Desulfovibrio gigas . (biorxiv.org)
The activity of G-protein-coupled receptors is not limited to the cell surface. (natureasia.com)
Our facilities provide the opportunity to study protein structure, molecular probes and drug design, system biology and molecular interactions in cells and tissues. (lu.se)
In addition to infrastructures for bioimaging, protein and genes & cells, we also provide other resources e.g., databases, networks and specialized labs. (lu.se)

Their main structural uses are as part of biological membranes both internal and external, such as the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
Biomimetic asymmetric bacterial membranes incorporating lipopolysaccharides. (mpg.de)
Ozone reacts with the unsaturated fatty acids of the lipid layer in cellular membranes, forming hydro peroxides. (silvermedicine.org)
it's the process by which free radicals try to stabilize themselves by stealing electrons from cell membranes, causing damage to the cell. (innovitaresearch.com)

Binding of his-tagged molecules to giant vesicles via anchor lipids. (mpg.de)

Our lab studies the roles of lipid biosynthesis in this process, using pharmacological, genetic, and molecular approaches. (csun.edu)
Using Bdellovibrio's genomic information the life cycle of this unique bacterium can now be studied for the first time on a molecular level. (mpg.de)
Among these, Raman spectroscopy has attracted increasing attention as a highly sensitive molecular imaging technique for studying complex biological systems, including cells, tissues, and various biological materials [ 4 ]. (medsci.org)
Every eukaryote has a nucleus, a double lipid membrane-bound compartment that encapsulates the genome, but almost every nucleus is different - in shape, size, molecular composition, spatial organisation, and dynamics through the cell cycle. (europa.eu)
Measuring pico-Newton forces with lipid anchors as force sensors in molecular dynamics simulations. (mpg.de)
Consequently, studying bacterial growth and reproduction has become an area of immense interest among scientists seeking to unravel key molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. (echase.org)
By comprehending these mechanisms at a molecular level, scientists can devise strategies to combat harmful pathogens while harnessing the beneficial aspects of bacterial reproduction for various applications in medicine, industry, and agriculture. (echase.org)
For unravelling the molecular response to chemicals and for detecting mechanisms underlying deleterious phenotypes of cells, organs and organisms, proteomics and metabolomics are well established tools, since they are characterising actual molecular functions. (ufz.de)

By then it was known that Listeria infects cells such as macrophages-motile human immune cells that engulf pathogens and cellular debris-by being taken up into vacuoles and breaking out of those vacuoles into the cytoplasm. (the-scientist.com)
Bringing together comparative genomics, phylogenetics, quantitative cell biology and experimental evolution in multiple microbial model systems drawn from across the eukaryotic tree, we set out to elucidate the genomic, biophysical and evolutionary factors that determine nuclear dynamics and remodelling - karyodynamics - within the context of cellular architecture and function. (europa.eu)
Moreover, studying bacterial growth kinetics facilitates the development of antimicrobial agents that target specific stages of replication or interfere with essential cellular processes. (echase.org)
In this method we are able to screen the entire metabolome of a specific sample type such as body fluids, tissue samples, bacterial and cellular model system and environmental samples. (ufz.de)

For Mukherjee, the paper was a revelation: not only did it identify the fastest way yet to target Golgi biology, it suggested that scientists could use intracellular bacteria "as a lens to understand basic processes inside the cell. (the-scientist.com)
So-called facultative intracellular bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Legionella pneumophila do not need to be inside a host cell to reproduce. (the-scientist.com)
Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma marginale are closely related tick-transmitted obligate intracellular bacterial pathogens that cause debilitating and potentially fatal diseases. (usda.gov)
The genus Anaplasma consists of tick-transmitted obligate intracellular bacteria that invade white or red blood cells to cause debilitating and potentially fatal infections. (usda.gov)
Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)

Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of autophagy manipulation in improving therapeutics and vaccines against bacterial pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we review the many functions of autophagy in bacterial infections with a focus on macrophages, the first line of host defenses, and the replicative niche of numerous pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
Scientists studying pathogens such as Chlamydia , Legionella , and Listeria get a master class in how to control the internal workings of mammalian cells. (the-scientist.com)
These microbes all enjoy at least part of their lives shielded from the onslaught of white blood cells, antibodies, and other immune defenses that the body launches against pathogens that live outside of host cells. (the-scientist.com)
While both of these pathogens cause different diseases and infect different cells in the mammalian host, they share a similar life cycle within the tick. (usda.gov)
Upon entrance into the tick, both pathogens are obligated to establish a niche within the cells of the tick midgut. (usda.gov)
The studies reported in this paper demonstrate that both of these pathogens interact with the endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell. (usda.gov)
The rapid growth and reproduction of these pathogens within the hospital environment highlight the urgent need to comprehend bacterial reproductive strategies and develop effective interventions. (echase.org)

Here, we demonstrate that the ApV and AmV extensively interact with the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in endothelial, myeloid, and/or tick cells. (usda.gov)

With viruses, the ozone damages the viral capsid and upsets the reproductive cycle by disrupting the virus-to-cell contact with peroxidation. (silvermedicine.org)
Vitamin C actually protects vitamin E, so when you have lipid peroxidation, vitamin E is used up and vitamin C can regenerate it," Traber said. (innovitaresearch.com)

Upon exhaustion of all prey resources Bdellovibrio's life cycle continues, with the bacteria differentiating back into as many as 15 motile cells, which seek out and attack new prey. (mpg.de)
Whiteheads- these tiny white bumps are actually open pores that become clogged with sebum, bacteria and dead skin cells. (novology.com)
Acne s bacteria are prone to grow in this lipid-rich environment inside the skin follicles. (novology.com)
By uncovering the secrets behind bacterial reproductive strategies, researchers aim to devise innovative approaches for combating pathogenic bacteria while harnessing beneficial ones for biotechnological applications. (echase.org)

Bacterial compartment is captured by autophagosome either via ubiquitination (A.2, 3) or host glycan recognition by galectins (A.3). (frontiersin.org)
Finally, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms responsible for karyodynamic phenotypic diversity would allow us to reconstruct evolutionary trajectories all the way back to the origins of the nuclear compartment, a landmark event in the evolution of eukaryotes from an archaeal-bacterial symbiosis over 2 billion years ago. (europa.eu)

The log Pow value provides information on the relative solubility of the substance in water and lipids (ECHA, 2017). (europa.eu)

Most of the structures that make up animals, plants and microbes are made from four basic classes of molecules: amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid and lipids (often called fats). (wikipedia.org)
As these molecules are vital for life, metabolic reactions either focus on making these molecules during the construction of cells and tissues, or on breaking them down and using them to obtain energy, by their digestion. (wikipedia.org)
Cell surface recognition and cytosolic sensing of these molecules result in signaling cascades that promote rapid and localized autophagy machinery recruitment. (frontiersin.org)
antioxidants such as vitamins C and E offer defense against the oxidative stress brought on by inflammation and the associated free radicals, unstable molecules that can damage the body's cells. (innovitaresearch.com)
Other trophic factors, such as IL-2, TNF-α, and granulocyte-macrophage stimulating factor, cause activated T cells to produce interferon-γ, TNF-α, and TNF-β, leading to stimulation of macrophages and further up-regulation of leukocyte adhesion molecules. (medscape.com)
Our facilities provide the opportunity to study molecules, cells, organs and entire organisms. (lu.se)

Lipids are the polymers of fatty acids[citation needed] that contain a long, non-polar hydrocarbon chain with a small polar region containing oxygen. (wikipedia.org)

This seems feasible, as Bdellovibrio is not capable of infecting eukaryotic cells, in particular mammalian cells. (mpg.de)
These bugs have a knack for pinpointing critical cell functions, she says, adding fondly that Legionella is continuing to help her explore how eukaryotic cells work. (the-scientist.com)

For example, the set of carboxylic acids that are best known as the intermediates in the citric acid cycle are present in all known organisms, being found in species as diverse as the unicellular bacterium Escherichia coli and huge multicellular organisms like elephants. (wikipedia.org)

Enzymes act as catalysts - they allow a reaction to proceed more rapidly - and they also allow the regulation of the rate of a metabolic reaction, for example in response to changes in the cell's environment or to signals from other cells. (wikipedia.org)
Kefir consumption can have many metabolic health benefits, including, in the case of specific kefirs, improvements in plasma and liver lipid profiles. (frontiersin.org)
This method does not alter the cell composition or rely on cell culture and thus allows the rapid, quantitative, and nondestructive evaluation of the effect of drugs on the real-time metabolic activity of microorganisms at the single-cell level [ 8 - 10 ]. (medsci.org)
A higher intake of vitamin C is crucial for metabolic syndrome patients trying to halt a potentially deadly cycle of antioxidant disruption and health-related problems, an Oregon State University researcher says. (innovitaresearch.com)
However, we have recently reported that moderate increase of plasma concentration of the inflammatory reagent, the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), increased during a fat-enriched diet, and defined metabolic endotoxemia ( 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Our findings show that RNF213 represents an undescribed type of a transthiolation E3 enzyme and is regulated by adenine nucleotide concentration via its ATPase core, possibly allowing it to react to changing metabolic conditions in the cell. (biorxiv.org)

This strain is a spore-forming culture and is distinguished by an unusual morphology and development cycle of gram-positive cells. (sciforum.net)
Effect of capillary fluid flow on single cancer cell cycle dynamics, motility, volume and morphology. (mpg.de)

In addition, ozone oxidizes the outer lipid layer of malignant cells and destroys them through cell lysis (break- down). (silvermedicine.org)
KP2156 forms very stable albumin adducts in the bloodstream resulting in a superior pharmacological profile, such as distinctly prolonged terminal excretion half-life and enhanced effective platinum dose (measured by ICP-MS). The albumin-bound drug is accumulating in the malignant tissue, where it enters the cancer cells clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis, and is activated by reduction to release oxaliplatin. (microbial-ecology.de)
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of malignant plasma cell and has a high incidence in malignant tumors of the blood system, accounting for ~2% of the total mortality of cancer ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

ApV association with the ER initiated early and continued throughout the infection cycle. (usda.gov)
Connections to non-vascular diseases were also reported, including diabetes ( 7 ), cancer ( 8 ) and both viral ( 9 ) and bacterial ( 10 ) infection. (biorxiv.org)
Imagine a scenario where an individual contracts a bacterial infection. (echase.org)

The amino acids and other nutrients are made available to the invader by the degradation of biopolymers in the cytoplasm of the prey cell and are subsequently transported into the Bdellovibrio cell. (mpg.de)
Autophagy is a well-conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that plays key roles in bacterial infections. (frontiersin.org)

Its asymmetric cell division results in one swarmer and one stalked cell progeny. (csun.edu)

Only by further elucidating the control mechanisms of bacterial cell division can we advance the development of new antimicrobial compounds. (csun.edu)

These potential complications have been illustrated in a recent article in the CDC's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), Serious Bacterial Infections Acquired During Treatment of Patients Given a Diagnosis of Chronic Lyme Disease . (scienceblogs.com)
On the other hand, uncontrolled bacterial replication can lead to harmful infections or outbreaks that pose significant threats to public health. (echase.org)
Chest radiography is used to evaluate the extent of pulmonary edema, to reveal secondary bacterial pulmonary infections, and to aid in ventilator management if intubation is required. (medscape.com)

Motile swarmer cells can not undergo DNA replication until they differentiate into stationary stalked cells. (csun.edu)
The centre of the tuberculous granuloma may undergo caseous necrosis surrounded by activated macrophages, T-cells and fibroblasts. (ersjournals.com)

TRIzol reagent, LA Taq DNA polymerase and lipid Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) were used. (spandidos-publications.com)

In addition, we designed and screened a panel of gomesin analogues with amino acid modifications that were predicted to influence cell viability. (nature.com)

Lipid biosynthesis is essential for cell viability and bacterial fatty acid synthetic enzymes have been suggested as antibiotic targets. (csun.edu)

A s a grad student in cell biology, Shaeri Mukherjee was always on the lookout for new ways to fiddle with cells' internal structures. (the-scientist.com)

Below you can see some examples of the infrastructure for research on genes and cells, available for researchers at Lund University. (lu.se)

J Cell Biol (2022) 221 (12): e202207022. (rupress.org)

Ozone activates the Krebs cycle by enhancing oxidative carboxylation of pyruvate, stimulating production of ATP. (silvermedicine.org)

In fact, compounds specific to bacterial fatty acid biosynthetic compounds have been generated. (csun.edu)

Once it has collided with a prey cell, Bdellovibrio stays reversibly attached to it while verifying its suitability for invasion. (mpg.de)
The weak enzyme coatings on cells which make them vulnerable to invasion by viruses make them susceptible to oxidation and elimination from the body, which then replaces them with healthy cells. (silvermedicine.org)
The body is destroying its own protection because it got tricked by the gut dysbiosis into thinking there was a bacterial invasion. (innovitaresearch.com)
A Transwell assay was used to detect the cell invasion ability. (spandidos-publications.com)
Under in vitro conditions, changes in the proliferation and invasion ability were detected in myeloma cells. (spandidos-publications.com)

Caseous material is lipid-rich and derived from dead macrophages [ 8 ]. (ersjournals.com)
These macrophages, in addition to smooth muscle cells, activate T cells by presenting antigens, including oxidized LDL. (medscape.com)

This technique allows non-destructive, label-free spectral imaging and analysis of cells, tissues, and nanoparticles [ 5 - 7 ]. (medsci.org)

Bacterial growth and reproduction are fundamental processes in microbiology that have been the subject of extensive research. (echase.org)
In summary, bacterial growth and reproduction are fundamental aspects of microbiology with significant implications for human health and environmental processes. (echase.org)

Evidence suggests that both species may also infect endothelial cells in vivo. (usda.gov)
They are expressed on endothelial cells and bind to the integrins CD 11a/CD 18 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1) and VLA-4, respectively. (medscape.com)

In circulatory disease, a clumping of red blood cells hinders blood flow through the small capillaries and decreases oxygen absorption due to reduced surface area. (silvermedicine.org)
Ozone reduces or eliminates clumping and red cell flexibility is restored, along with oxygen carrying ability. (silvermedicine.org)

In theory, this method can detect the entire spectrum of substances in the cell, especially the "fingerprint area" in the range of ~600-1800 cm -1 , which can distinguish cell types and explore the mechanism of microbial stress [ 11 - 13 ]. (medsci.org)
In this article, we delve into the fascinating world of bacterial growth and reproduction from a microbial perspective. (echase.org)

Functional delivery of large genomic DNA to human cells with a peptide-lipid vector. (ox.ac.uk)

In mammalian and arthropod host cells, A. phagocytophilum and A. marginale reside in host cell derived pathogen-occupied vacuoles (POVs). (usda.gov)

At 24hours after the exposure, significant increases in the pro-inflammatory markers IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IFN-, TNF-, IL-17A, VEGF, MCP-1, and MIP-1 were noted in the basolateral cell culture medium of ABS-exposed cells compared to non-exposed chamber control cells. (cdc.gov)

The generation of hydroxyl by killer cells is critical to their cytotoxic capability. (silvermedicine.org)
In this study, we report the cell-autonomous antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities exhibited by the spider peptide gomesin (AgGom) and gomesin-like homologue (HiGom) in DFTD cells. (nature.com)
The screening of a novel panel of AgGom-analogues revealed that, unlike changes in the hydrophobicity and electrostatic surface, the cytotoxic potential of the gomesin analogues in DFTD cells lies on specific arginine substitutions in the eight and nine positions and alanine replacement in three, five and 12 positions. (nature.com)
This observation prompted us to characterise the cell-autonomous cytotoxic and anti-proliferative profile of gomesin in DFTD cells and in comparison, to non-transformed (healthy) Tasmanian devil fibroblasts (FIBS). (nature.com)

The researchers will attempt to identify the targets in the prey cell that have proven to be successful points of attack in this million-year-old prey-predator relationship. (mpg.de)

We're suggesting that's because this slippage of bacterial cell walls causes the whole body to mount that anti-inflammatory response. (innovitaresearch.com)
Psoriasis is a complex, chronic, multifactorial, inflammatory disease that involves hyperproliferation of the keratinocytes in the epidermis, with an increase in the epidermal cell turnover rate (see the image below). (medscape.com)

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of sprouty homolog 2 (SPRY2) gene regulation by miR-21 on the occurrence, development and tumor metastasis in multiple myeloma (MM). The miR‑21 expression lentiviral vector (LV)‑anti‑miR‑21 and a liposome transfection method were used to screen MM cell lines with stable silent SPRY2. (spandidos-publications.com)

In this regard, TT technology has proven to help clear the debris of dead keratinocytes and sebum that cause whiteheads by targeting P. acnes bacterial growth at the root. (novology.com)
The ability of this strain to inhibit the growth of the bacterial phytopathogen Ralstonia sp. (sciforum.net)
During growth, the strain forms chains of cells of irregular shape, which on the first day of growth on rich nutrient media are filled with multiple lipid granules of unknown nature. (sciforum.net)
In fungi, ozone inhibits cell growth at certain stages. (silvermedicine.org)

Our work establishes Z. mobilis as a streamlined model for alphaproteobacterial genetics, has broad implications in bacterial energy coupling, and informs Z. mobilis genome manipulation for optimized production of valuable isoprenoid-based bioproducts. (bvsalud.org)

Photomanipulation of minimal synthetic cells: area increase, softening and interleaflet coupling of membrane models doped with azobenzene-lipid photoswitches. (mpg.de)

The white blood cells are scrubbing with bleach and that destroys vitamin C," Traber said. (innovitaresearch.com)

In the free-living phase of its life cycle Bdellovibrio swims at high speed while locating areas of high prey concentration by use of its chemosensory system. (mpg.de)
Life cycle of the predatory bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus (yellow). (mpg.de)
Life cycle of the predatory bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. (mpg.de)
The given below figure shows a generalised life cycle of a fungus. (neetprep.com)
Lung matrix destruction is critical to the life cycle of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). (ersjournals.com)

On one hand, it allows for the colonization of new habitats, enabling essential ecological functions such as nutrient cycling. (echase.org)

Via a pulling motion the predator navigates itself in the 'periplasmic space' between the outer and inner membrane of the prey cell. (mpg.de)

Although treatment strategies changed from traditional chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation to novel targeted drug therapy, the outcome was not improved ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
After the first cycle of chemotherapy in July 2001, neu- mild or asymptomatic, in some instances, a severe and fatal tropenia developed and the patient was treated with encephalitis is produced, typically in the elderly (3). (cdc.gov)
This virus granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) following both was first recognized in the Western Hemisphere in an outbreak the second and third cycles of chemotherapy. (cdc.gov)

Each eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus that houses its genome. (europa.eu)

Caulobacter's obligate cell cycle is controlled by oscillating master regulators that control different genetic modules in space and time. (csun.edu)
Conjugation is another important mode of bacterial reproduction that involves the transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells. (echase.org)
DNA replication: Prior to division, the bacterium's genetic material is replicated so that each daughter cell receives an exact copy. (echase.org)

As a new quantitative method, heavy water-labeled single-cell Raman microspectroscopy can reduce damage to cells and human interference factors. (medsci.org)
Real‑time quantitative PCR and western blot analysis showed that in the MM cell lines with high endogenous miR‑21 expression (RPMI8226 and KM3), SPRY2 expression was significantly lower. (spandidos-publications.com)
Day 2 and day 3 CM corresponding to each one of the embryos was analyzed, by quantitative PCR, for estimation of Cell-free DNA levels. (who.int)

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