MembranesMetabolismEnzymesNucleic acidsGolgiSynthesisMoleculesJournal of Lipid ResearchBilayerBindsMitochondriaInteractionsEukaryotic cellsPlasma membraneHydrophobicPeptidesTransfer proteinsTransportersBiologicalVesicular transportGenesMembrane proteinLipoprotein levelsAmino acidsDynamicsMoleculeMechanismsCholesterolOrganizationVPS13GeneDropletsLipoproteinsVesicles that bud offComposed of phospholipidComplexesCellRaftsAsymmetryPhospholipid transportTranslocationExtracellularMolecularCytosolLTPsApolipoproteinCeramideFattyCellsTransmembraneMacromoleculesPhosphatidylcholinePhysiological functionsBiochemicalsPhospholipidsPermeability
Membranes26
- Lipids are distributed in a highly heterogeneous manner between different cellular membranes. (helsinki.fi)
- Structure, function and organization of lipids and proteins in biological membranes. (biomembranes.nl)
- Biogenesis of membranes and the transport and sorting of lipids and proteins. (biomembranes.nl)
- Lipids are the major constituents of all cell membranes and play dynamic roles in organelle structure and function. (centenary.org.au)
- During the last decades, the approach to overcome the complexity of biological membranes is to use simplified biomimetic models mainly consisting of binary or ternary mixtures of lipids [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- One of the most debated issues in the biophysics of lipids is lipid miscibility and its relevance to the function and organization of biological membranes. (hindawi.com)
- In 1997, Simons and Ikonen renewed the interest in lipid phase studies, suggesting that lateral phase separation in biological membranes could be functionally important [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is frequently the main lipid component of microbial membranes and the second most abundant phospholipid in mammals, comprising as much as 45% of brain lipids. (matreya.com)
- Proteins are also important in cell signaling, immune responses, cell adhesion, active transport across membranes, and the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
- Non-specific lipid-transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are involved in the movement of phospholipids, glycolipids, fatty acids, and steroids between membranes. (rcsb.org)
- Transport of proteins across membranes is a fundamental process, achieved in every cell by the 'Sec' translocon. (elifesciences.org)
- The encapsulation and compartmentalisation of cells has necessitated the evolution of machineries that conduct proteins across membranes, including for protein secretion and organellar import. (elifesciences.org)
- The ABC superfamily of genes encodes proteins that transport a number of substrates across cell membranes. (medscape.com)
- A remarkable feature of lipid membranes is their fluidity, which allows them to self-heal, bend, and flow. (aps.org)
- Membranes circulate in response to flows in the water surrounding them, but cell membranes are reinforced by a cytoskeletal network of protein filaments which modifies their fluid properties, making their behavior complex and challenging to predict. (aps.org)
- Biological nanopores are a class of membrane proteins that form nanometer-size apertures on lipid membranes. (videolectures.net)
- Lipids not only taste delicious (at least in our opinion) but are the major components of biological membranes and play essential roles in most aspects of human biology. (asbmb.org)
- In fact, if we look closely at the lipids and membranes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, we see they contribute to fundamental roles in compartmentalizing cells, stress responses, metabolism, gene regulation, inflammation, and activating both cell protective and cell destructive mechanisms. (asbmb.org)
- As such, the study of lipids and membranes remains a critical and emerging area for cutting-edge research - one that has great potential to impact human health and the understanding and treatment of diseases. (asbmb.org)
- COPII vesicles are formed in the ER membranes and mediate transport from ER to the Golgi. (jove.com)
- Being the nature's most effective lipid-soluble, chain-breaking antioxidant, it protects cellular membranes from being attacked by lipid peroxyl radicals. (dsm.com)
- its localization within the unsaturated fatty acid esters in the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes provides a means of controlling lipid oxidation at a likely initiation site ( Hafeman and Hoekstra 1977 ). (dsm.com)
- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an extensive network of membranes that folds, modifies, and transports proteins in eukaryotic cells. (cshlpress.com)
- Pore-spanning membranes (PSMs) are well-suited to investigate single lipid diffusion as well as lipid domain diffusion. (lu.se)
- As such, many biological processes occur within or in the proximity of the cell membrane, and therefore, interest in the properties and behavior of lipids in membranes is considerable. (lu.se)
- For example, it is found that in nature the lipid distribution across the inner and outer leaflet of cell membranes is. (lu.se)
Metabolism12
- Here, we characterize its functions in carbohydrate and TG metabolism in hepatocytes (HCs), examine its involvement on subcellular transport of cholesterol in endothelial cells (ECs) and assess the role of ORP2 in key cell signaling processes in both HCs and ECs. (helsinki.fi)
- Cholesterol metabolism in the brain is independent of peripheral tissues due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that impairs the entrance of the protein-bound lipid into the central nervous system (CNS). (frontiersin.org)
- Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reactions in metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
- One of those molecules, phosphatidylcholine transfer protein (PCTP), suppresses the activity of the other, PPARdelta, a gene regulator critical in burning fat and energy metabolism, under conditions of overnutrition. (anl.gov)
- Several APOE isoforms with major structural differences were discovered and shown to influence the brain lipid transport, glucose metabolism, neuronal signaling, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial function. (dovepress.com)
- APOE is also involved in the formation of chylomicrons and VLDL and affects the activity of other lipid metabolism-associated proteins and enzymes, such as hepatic lipase and lipoprotein lipase. (dovepress.com)
- Emerging study has shown that APOE and APOE isoform functions may extend beyond lipid metabolism to include maintenance of normal brain function. (dovepress.com)
- Biochemistry: Structure, function and metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins as they relate to lipid storage diseases, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimers disease and other neurological diseases. (mcgill.ca)
- Our symposia at Discover BMB , the annual meeting of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, in Seattle in March will bring together leading investigators in lipid metabolism and membrane function in replication of microorganisms and viruses, communicate novel protein structural information in lipid metabolism and transport, and promote the understanding of membrane structure and biophysics in cell physiology. (asbmb.org)
- Lipid and membrane enthusiasts and anyone interested in learning more about lipid metabolism, lipid-protein interactions or membrane structure. (asbmb.org)
- it may be involved in intracellular lipid transport and metabolism. (prospecbio.com)
- Overview of Lipid Metabolism Lipids are fats that are either absorbed from food or synthesized by the liver. (msdmanuals.com)
Enzymes4
- The mode of action of enzymes and macromolecular complexes as protein machines will be investigated. (manchester.ac.uk)
- Enzymes in the cisternae modify these proteins and pack them into vesicles that bud off the Golgi body and transport the proteins to different areas in the cell. (visiblebody.com)
- The extruded lipids are arranged into lamellae in the intercellular space with the help of concomitantly released hydrolytic enzymes. (medscape.com)
- If phenoxyl radicals are not indiscriminately reactive towards biomolecules, they can be selectively reduced by electron transport enzymes or redox cascades to yield antioxidant recycling. (cdc.gov)
Nucleic acids2
- or anabolic - the building up (synthesis) of compounds (such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids). (wikipedia.org)
- If the reactivity of phenoxyl radicals is high enough to directly oxidize critical biomolecules (proteins, lipids, nucleic acids), these reactions may overwhelm capacities of protective redox regulation and trigger redox-cycling cascades. (cdc.gov)
Golgi11
- The protein encoded by this gene may control steps in the cycling of proteins through the trans-Golgi network to endosomes, lysosomes and the plasma membrane. (nih.gov)
- The Golgi body receives proteins, synthesized by ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, via transport vesicles. (visiblebody.com)
- The Golgi body also processes and distributes lipids and complex carbohydrates. (visiblebody.com)
- Transport vesicles then take the modified proteins to the nearby Golgi body, where they are processed further and sorted for transport. (visiblebody.com)
- The golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
- Rough ER transport materials through the cell and produces proteins in sacks called cisternae (which are sent to the Golgi body, or inserted into the cell membrane). (enchantedlearning.com)
- COPI vesicles transport molecules between different parts of the Golgi body and from the Golgi back to the rough ER. (jove.com)
- Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50-100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. (jove.com)
- The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. (jove.com)
- Contributors examine how proteins translocate across the ER membrane, the processes that occur inside the ER lumen (e.g., folding, glycosylation, and disulfide bond formation), and how the proteins are packaged into vesicles and transported to the Golgi. (cshlpress.com)
- The STARD11 protein plays a crucial role in the transport of ceramide from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. (uib.no)
Synthesis9
- Transport of C6-NBD-PS was furthermore characterized here in four additional cell lines of different species and tissue origin with varying synthesis levels of MDR1 Pgp. (hu-berlin.de)
- In eukaryotic cells, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main center for the synthesis of diverse types of lipids. (centenary.org.au)
- Adaptation to respiration at birth depends upon the synthesis of pulmonary surfactant, a lipid-protein complex that reduces surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the alveoli and prevents lung collapse during the ventilatory cycle. (nih.gov)
- Conditional deletion of Emc3 in murine embryonic lung epithelial cells disrupted the synthesis and packaging of surfactant lipids and proteins, impaired the formation of lamellar bodies, and induced the unfolded protein response in alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells. (nih.gov)
- Transcriptomic, lipidomic, and proteomic analyses demonstrated that EMC3 coordinates the assembly of lipids and proteins in AT2 cells that is necessary for surfactant synthesis and function at birth. (nih.gov)
- The primary function of ribosomes is protein synthesis. (visiblebody.com)
- The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis) and contains DNA (in chromosomes). (enchantedlearning.com)
- Small organelles composed of RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis. (enchantedlearning.com)
- Lipid synthesis and transport are also discussed. (cshlpress.com)
Molecules6
- The MMADHC gene provides instructions for making a protein that helps convert vitamin B12 (also called cobalamin) into one of two molecules, adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) or methylcobalamin (MeCbl). (medlineplus.gov)
- Most of the structures that make up animals, plants and microbes are made from four basic classes of molecules: amino acids, carbohydrates, nucleic acid and lipids (often called fats). (wikipedia.org)
- Lipids are usually defined as hydrophobic or amphipathic biological molecules but will dissolve in organic solvents such as ethanol, benzene or chloroform. (wikipedia.org)
- These structures, sometimes pumping ions from one side to the other and sometimes merely providing channels through which diffusing ions can flow past the lipid molecules, maintain the ionic distribution that keeps the membrane polarized, and they also allow the abrupt changes in distribution that create nerve impulses. (britannica.com)
- The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer, which is mostly composed of phospholipid molecules that have polar and nonpolar parts. (visiblebody.com)
- The large proteoglycan molecules made up of protein cores, and GAG branches are secreted by cells and constitute a significant fraction of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue. (medscape.com)
Journal of Lipid Research1
- Journal of Lipid Research. (wikipedia.org)
Bilayer4
- In fact, ions are almost always hydrated in the form of ion-water complexes, which have great difficulty in penetrating the hydrophobic lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane. (britannica.com)
- Permeation actually occurs through protein structures embedded in the lipid bilayer and spanning the membrane from cytoplasm to extracellular fluid. (britannica.com)
- Bacterial ATP/ADP translocases transport ATP from the host cell cytosol, across the lipid bilayer, and into the bacterial cell. (usda.gov)
- ATP/ADP translocases allow for the transport of ATP across a lipid bilayer, which is normally impermeable to this molecule due to its size and charge. (usda.gov)
Binds4
- APOE binds to cell-surface receptors to deliver lipids and to the hydrophobic amyloid-β peptide, regulating amyloid-β aggregations and clearances in the brain. (dovepress.com)
- Furthermore, in the caprate complex, the ligand binds to the protein cavity in two orientations with equal occupancy. (rcsb.org)
- One protein, apolipoprotein(a) (LPA), binds and transports lipids. (chemistryviews.org)
- Because of the presence of the a-tocopherol transfer protein (TTP) that preferentially binds to a-T, a-tocopherol, but not b, g and d-tocopherol, is maintained in plasma and tissues. (dsm.com)
Mitochondria7
- Using the intrinsically fluorescent cholesterol analog, cholestatrienol, we directly observe sterol transport to mitochondria in fibroblasts upon treating NPC2 deficient human fibroblasts with NPC2 protein. (nature.com)
- We devise a protocol to determine the surface fraction of endo-lysosomes in contact with mitochondria and show that this fraction does not depend on functional NPC1 or NPC2 proteins. (nature.com)
- Lasting MCSs between endo-lysosomes containing NPC2 and mitochondria move by slow anomalous sub-diffusion, providing location and time for sterol transport between both organelles. (nature.com)
- Together with another protein called MMACHC (produced from the MMACHC gene), MMADHC transports vitamin B12 to regions of the cell in which each cofactor is needed: specialized structures that serve as energy-producing centers (the mitochondria), where AdoCbl functions, or the fluid inside the cell (the cytoplasm), where MeCbl functions. (medlineplus.gov)
- The MMADHC gene variants that cause this condition result in a protein that cannot transport vitamin B12 to mitochondria for the production of AdoCbl. (medlineplus.gov)
- This ability to exploit structure within a pre-protein is an unexplored area of protein transport, which may apply to other protein transporters, such as those of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. (elifesciences.org)
- These transport proteins appear to be unique to mitochondria, plant plastids, and obligate-intracellular bacteria. (usda.gov)
Interactions6
- In spite of the relevance of lipid-protein interactions, the phase behaviour of the lipid components of the cell membrane is believed to be of major importance to uncover some underlying principles behind the membrane function. (hindawi.com)
- Finally, the researchers focused on the specific protein interactions driving the different phenotypes. (anl.gov)
- MRD is among the few methods that can provide molecular-level informa- tion about protein solvation in native as well as denatured states, and it is used here to simultaneously monitor the interactions of urea and water with the unfolding protein. (lu.se)
- 1 nsec) interactions of urea and water with the native and denatured protein. (lu.se)
- Solvent denaturation is a result of altered protein-solvent vorably with water-peptide interactions. (lu.se)
- If this is the case, interactions, but it is not clear whether denaturants like urea then solvent denaturation can be driven simply by the ex- act directly by binding to the protein surface or indirectly by posure of more binding sites in the denatured protein perturbing solvent-mediated hydrophobic interactions or by (Schellman 1987). (lu.se)
Eukaryotic cells1
- In eukaryotic cells, the lipid species are frequently distributed asymmetrically between the plasma membrane leaflets. (hu-berlin.de)
Plasma membrane2
- ORP2 was also found to facilitate cholesterol transport between the late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/LY) and plasma membrane (PM) and to interact with the related LE/LY cholesterol transporter ORP1L. (helsinki.fi)
- Proteins synthesized by ribosomes are used by organelles in the cell, by the plasma membrane, or by structures outside the cell. (visiblebody.com)
Hydrophobic2
Peptides2
- Here we show that the transport of proteins and peptides across nanopores can be finely controlled. (videolectures.net)
- Folded proteins can trapped inside nanopores by exploiting electrophoretic forces, while small peptides can be stretched and unfolded by engineering strong electroosmotic flows through the nanopore. (videolectures.net)
Transfer proteins2
- It is becoming evident that while the bulk lipid transport occurs via vesicular transport, a major portion of lipids are trafficked by lipid transfer proteins (LTPs). (helsinki.fi)
- Then, in these two decades, it has been elucidated that various lipids synthesized in the ER are rapidly and accurately delivered to other organelles by a variety of lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) at zones where the ER is in contact with other specific organelles. (centenary.org.au)
Transporters2
Biological1
- Results from our study contribute to a growing body of literature identifying key determinants of plasma lipoprotein concentrations and could provide insight into the biological mechanisms underlying serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations. (cdc.gov)
Vesicular transport1
- In 2003, we showed that the ceramide transport protein CERT is the molecular machinery for the non-vesicular transport of ceramide. (centenary.org.au)
Genes6
- However, lipid transport-related genes and their function in seed development are still not well understood. (isaaa.org)
- Genetics research could be helpful to find connections between specific proteins encoded by the genes and the health status and lifespan of humans. (chemistryviews.org)
- The researchers also looked at the genes encoding 857 different proteins, using so-called Mendelian randomization (MR) to find possible causal links between the levels of the proteins and health and aging. (chemistryviews.org)
- Two proteins, in particular, had significant negative effects across various aging measures in subjects with genes that cause higher levels of these proteins. (chemistryviews.org)
- Using data from the second phase (1991-1994) of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), we examined associations between 22 polymorphisms in 13 candidate genes and four serum lipids: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). (cdc.gov)
- Many genes involved in metabolic pathways have been found to contribute to lipid level variability [ 14 , 26 , 27 ]. (cdc.gov)
Membrane protein3
- Orthologous to human VMP1 (vacuole membrane protein 1). (nih.gov)
- The bulk of protein secretion and membrane protein insertion is conducted by the ubiquitous Sec translocon. (elifesciences.org)
- Fundamental physics of flow-mediated membrane protein transport. (aps.org)
Lipoprotein levels2
- APOE plays multiple roles in the regulation of lipid and lipoprotein levels in the blood. (dovepress.com)
- The genetic basis for elevation in lipid levels is not well understood, but substantial heritability has been demonstrated in twin [ 9 ] and family-based [ 10 - 12 ] studies, which have estimated that approximately 43% to 83% of the variance in blood lipid and lipoprotein levels is attributable to genetic factors. (cdc.gov)
Amino acids3
- This enzyme helps break down certain protein building blocks (amino acids), fat building blocks (fatty acids), and cholesterol. (medlineplus.gov)
- Proteins are made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain joined by peptide bonds. (wikipedia.org)
- All recognized mutations for AD are associated with increased deposition of amyloid-beta (Abeta), a peptide fragment comprising 39-43 amino acids that derive from the catabolism of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) molecule. (medscape.com)
Dynamics2
- Here we show, using X-ray crystallography, molecular dynamics simulations and in vitro and in vivo functional assays, that MlaA is a monomeric α-helical OM protein that functions as a phospholipid translocation channel, forming a ~20-Å-thick doughnut embedded in the inner leaflet of the OM with a central, amphipathic pore. (nature.com)
- Finally, we have basic theory projects relating to the experimental work just described, as well as in transport and structure in complex colloidal or zeolite systems, protein dynamics, and fundamental issues in quantum and statistical mechanics. (mcgill.ca)
Molecule2
- Using these approaches, nanopores may be used as nanoscale reactor for single-molecule enzymology studies, or sensors for sequencing individual proteins as they translocate across the nanopore. (videolectures.net)
- The second protein, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), is primarily found on the surfaces of endothelial cells-i.e., cells in the lining of blood vessels. (chemistryviews.org)
Mechanisms4
- From a fundamental viewpoint, the interest in lipid phase behaviour stems from the nature and the thermodynamics of phase transitions, the mechanisms behind lipid miscibility and lateral phase separation, and the existence of critical phenomena [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The COPI and COPII coat proteins share similar structural features with Clathrin but differ in cargo sorting and vesicle formation mechanisms. (jove.com)
- They also review quality-control mechanisms that are employed by the ER to detect and eliminate misfolded or unassembled proteins. (cshlpress.com)
- Despite the widespread use of urea in studies of protein a combination of these mechanisms. (lu.se)
Cholesterol3
- Suppression of ORP2 led to reduced cholesterol content in the PM raft domains, while increasing the PM PI(4,5)P2 content, identifying ORP2 as a novel regulator of PM lipid organization. (helsinki.fi)
- The two major forms of circulating lipid in the body, triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol, are insoluble in plasma. (medscape.com)
- Triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol contribute most to disease, although all lipids are physiologically important. (msdmanuals.com)
Organization1
- Among only few known LTPs, ORP2 was shown to regulate PM lipid organization, and to impact vascular development. (helsinki.fi)
VPS131
- Structural and biochemical insights into lipid transport by VPS13 proteins. (nih.gov)
Gene7
- Long-chain fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC27A1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The MMADHC gene variants that cause homocystinuria result in a protein that cannot transport vitamin B12 to the cytoplasm, where MeCbl is produced. (medlineplus.gov)
- The underlying genetic abnormality in harlequin ichthyosis is a mutation in the lipid-transporter gene ABCA12 on chromosome 2. (medscape.com)
- In vitro studies have demonstrated normalization of lipid transport when the wild-type ABCA12 gene is transferred to keratinocytes of patients with harlequin ichthyosis. (medscape.com)
- The protein product of the translocase gene demonstrated characteristics typical for members in this family of proteins, including 12 transmembrane helices and an isoelectric point of 9.4. (usda.gov)
- This autosomal recessive condition is caused by mutations in the gene for microsomal triglyceride (TG) transfer protein, a protein critical to chylomicron and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) formation. (msdmanuals.com)
- Recent candidate gene studies [ 13 - 16 ], as well as genome-wide association studies [ 17 - 25 ], have identified polymorphisms that account for a portion of the variation in blood lipid levels. (cdc.gov)
Droplets1
- Analysis of another candidate, Ypr097w, which we now call Lec1 (Lipid-droplet Ergosterol Cortex 1), revealed that this previously uncharacterized protein dynamically shifts between lipid droplets and the cell cortex, and plays a role in regulation of ergosterol distribution in the cell. (ucl.ac.uk)
Lipoproteins5
- [ 2 ] The purpose of this article is to discuss the basic biology of lipoproteins, the pathophysiology of dyslipidemias, the interpretation of lipid levels in pediatric patients, dyslipidemia screening, and the management of pediatric lipid abnormalities. (medscape.com)
- However, these lipids can be transported throughout the bloodstream as lipoproteins when packaged with phospholipids and proteins (apoproteins). (medscape.com)
- PE acts as a chaperone in transport membrane folding.1 In animals PE is involved in the secretion of very-low-density lipoproteins and aids in membrane fusion and fission.2 In plants lyso PE retards senescence by inhibiting phospholipase D. PE is the precursor to many important lipids. (matreya.com)
- 2 In the blood, APOE protein could interact with lipids, resulting in lipoproteins, including very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). (dovepress.com)
- Lipids and Lipoproteins in Disease. (mcgill.ca)
Vesicles that bud off1
- Coated vesicles are transport vesicles that bud off from specialized regions of the cell membrane. (jove.com)
Composed of phospholipid1
- Picture (front): Formation of giant vesicles composed of phospholipid and a flourescent lipid analogue. (lu.se)
Complexes1
- COPI and COPII vesicles are composed of similar coat protein complexes called coatomers. (jove.com)
Cell15
- In the past years, several proteins were suggested to transport lipids between the leaflets of a membrane, and to potentially influence transverse lipid asymmetry and related cell properties. (hu-berlin.de)
- In a human gastric carcinoma cell line (EPG85-257) overexpressing MDR1, outward transport of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, glucosylceramide and sphingomyelin analogs via MDR1 Pgp was confirmed using fluorescence spectroscopy. (hu-berlin.de)
- How does lipid transport between organelles in the cell take place and how is it regulated? (centenary.org.au)
- Other proteins have structural or mechanical functions, such as those that form the cytoskeleton, a system of scaffolding that maintains the cell shape. (wikipedia.org)
- An in-cell protein complementation screen uncovered a direct interaction between PCTP and PPARdelta that was not observed for other PPARs. (anl.gov)
- genetic disruptions of lipid regulatory proteins such as cell surface receptors leading to human disease. (mcgill.ca)
- These granules are responsible for secreting lipids that maintain the skin barrier at the interface between the granular cell layer and the cornified layer in the upper epidermis. (medscape.com)
- However, we lack information on the lateral movement of extracellular membrane proteins located at the cell-fluid interface. (aps.org)
- cell membrane - the thin layer of protein and fat that surrounds the cell, but is inside the cell wall. (enchantedlearning.com)
- Smooth ER transport materials through the cell. (enchantedlearning.com)
- Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. (jove.com)
- It also manufactures lipids and interacts extensively with other organelles, playing essential roles in cell growth and homeostasis. (cshlpress.com)
- Uptake studies using radiolabeled ATP demonstrated that the translocase could indeed transport exogenous ATP into the cell. (usda.gov)
- Subsequentially, the secretion of S1P by IECs triggered proinflammatory macrophages to secrete serum amyloid A protein 1/3, ultimately inducing Th17 cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
- It is today clear that lipids are involved in many physiological functions that go beyond the traditional view of compartmentalisation of the cell and its organelles. (lu.se)
Rafts1
- Lipid rafts or ordered lipid domains may play a role in the localization, transport, and function of different proteins. (hindawi.com)
Asymmetry3
- This asymmetry is maintained by the Mla pathway, a six-component system that is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and is thought to mediate retrograde transport of misplaced phospholipids from the outer leaflet of the OM to the cytoplasmic membrane 4 . (nature.com)
- Three systems are known to maintain OM lipid asymmetry: the OM phospholipase A 2 PldA 7 , the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) palmitoyl transferase PagP 8 and the Mla (maintenance of outer membrane lipid asymmetry) system. (nature.com)
- A combination of molecular simulation with hydrogendeuterium-exchange mass spectrometry and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal an asymmetry across the membrane: ATP-induced conformational changes in the cytosolic cavity promote unfolded pre-protein structure, while the exterior cavity favours its formation. (elifesciences.org)
Phospholipid transport1
- EMC3 was essential for the processing and routing of surfactant proteins, SP-B and SP-C, and the biogenesis of the phospholipid transport protein ABCA3. (nih.gov)
Translocation3
- In prokaryotes, SecYEG associates with the motor ATPase SecA to carry out translocation for pre-protein secretion. (elifesciences.org)
- This paper explores how the protein folding process per se may be exploited to drive protein translocation. (elifesciences.org)
- The protein must then fold during or after the translocation process. (elifesciences.org)
Extracellular1
- Normal extrusion of lipid from these granules into the extracellular space cannot occur, and lipid lamellae are not formed. (medscape.com)
Molecular1
- 1995), the molecular mechanism and the peptide group, suggesting that urea-peptide inter- whereby urea unfolds proteins has not been established. (lu.se)
Cytosol1
- This ABCA12 -mediated lipid-transfer system is essential to the transfer of lipids from the cytosol of the corneocyte into lamellar granules. (medscape.com)
LTPs2
- LTPs are known to be of central importance in the maintenance of organelle-specific lipid compositions and thus to have a role in numerous physiological and pathological processes. (helsinki.fi)
- Oxysterol binding protein-related protein 2 (ORP2) belongs to a ubiquitously expressed and conserved family of LTPs, the oxysterol binding protein (OSBP)-relate proteins. (helsinki.fi)
Apolipoprotein1
- Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a lipid-transport protein abundantly expressed in most neurons in the central nervous system. (dovepress.com)
Ceramide1
- In addition, decreased accumulation of analogs of diacylglycerol and ceramide suggest MDR1 Pgp mediated transport of these lipid species. (hu-berlin.de)
Fatty4
- Lipids are the polymers of fatty acids[citation needed] that contain a long, non-polar hydrocarbon chain with a small polar region containing oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
- These are glycerolipids lipids containing a common glycerol backbone to which at least one fatty acyl group is esterified. (hmdb.ca)
- FABP1 (Fatty acid binding protein1) encodes the fatty acid binding protein found in liver. (prospecbio.com)
- 17O and 2H magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD) to study urea-induced denaturation of intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP). (lu.se)
Cells5
- Upon intracellular labelling with C6-NBD-PS using a novel approach, significantly increased outward transport of this analog in MDR1 overexpressing cells could be attributed to MDR1 Pgp by employing specific inhibitors. (hu-berlin.de)
- these lipids (predominantly TGs) are packaged by the intestinal mucosal cells into chylomicrons. (medscape.com)
- and cutting-edge microscopes used to examine transport, motility, and reactivity in cells. (mcgill.ca)
- Ribosomes are made mostly of rRNA (ribosomal ribonucleic acid), and bacterial cells contain more than 50 associated proteins, whereas plant and animal cells contain 80 associated proteins. (visiblebody.com)
- The protein influences the adhesion of cells to the lining of blood vessels and the migration of white blood cells across the endothelial walls. (chemistryviews.org)
Transmembrane2
- [ 6 ] ABCA12 encodes a transmembrane protein that mediates lipid transport. (medscape.com)
- Bioinformatic analysis of the protein revealed 12 transmembrane helices and an isoelectric point of 9.4, both of which are characteristic of this family of proteins. (usda.gov)
Macromolecules1
- These biochemicals can be joined to make polymers such as DNA and proteins, essential macromolecules of life. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphatidylcholine1
- Their interaction was strong, selective, and new: PPARdelta was known to interact with lipid transport proteins but not phosphatidylcholine transport proteins. (anl.gov)
Physiological functions1
- The amino acid changes could alter the protein charge and stability, inducing distinct physiological functions. (dovepress.com)
Biochemicals1
- Lipids are the most diverse group of biochemicals. (wikipedia.org)
Phospholipids1
- MlaA represents a lipid transport protein that selectively removes outer leaflet phospholipids to help maintain the essential barrier function of the bacterial OM. (nature.com)
Permeability1
- This defective lipid "mortar" between corneocyte "bricks" results in aberrant skin permeability and lack of normal corneocyte desquamation. (medscape.com)