Lipid transfer carriers. Medical search. Frequent questions

The genes encoding non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs), members of a small multigene family, show a complex pattern of expressional regulation, suggesting that some diversification may have resulted from changes in their expression after duplication. (korea.ac.kr)
During vesiculation, bioactive lipids and receptors re- main associated with vesicle membranes, and cytosolic proteins and nucleic acids are contained within the vesicles [11]. (unicyte.ch)
7.Membranes structural components: lipids and proteins. (unizg.hr)
Here, we tag the RC and cytochrome bc1 with yellow or cyan fluorescent proteins (YFP/CFP) and record the lifetimes of YFP/CFP Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pairs in whole cells. (uea.ac.uk)
Sulfur is an important nutrient source found in a number of biological macromolecules, including proteins and lipids. (escholarship.org)
Sulfur is an important nutrient source found in proteins, lipids, and electron carriers that are required for the survival of filamentous fungi such as Neurospora crassa. (escholarship.org)
These vesicles are carriers of active or non-autonomous function biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA and non-coding regulatory RNA. (spandidos-publications.com)
Biosynthesis of dolichol is one of the first steps in glycosylation , where dolichol acts as a lipid carrier for the oligosaccharide precursor in the early stages of N-glycosylation of proteins. (cdghub.com)
Dolichol is a lipid that can be found in the membrane of the ER and is important for glycosylation in two ways: it acts a lipid carrier for the 14-sugar oligosaccharide that is transferred onto nascent proteins during N-glycosylation and is a monosaccharide donor of mannose and glucose sugars for N-glycosylation, O- and C-mannosylation and GPI anchor biosynthesis (Figure 1) 8,13 . (cdghub.com)
LLO) and the 14-sugar oligosaccharide is transferred onto asparagine (N) residues of newly synthesized proteins in the ER lumen. (cdghub.com)
An interface coordinating lipid metabolism with proteins that regulate membrane trafficking is necessary to regulate Golgi morphology and dynamics. (tamu.edu)
Importantly, Sec14 and Sec14-like proteins are a unique superfamily of proteins that sense specific aspects of lipid metabolism, employing this information to potentiate phosphoinositide production. (tamu.edu)
Therefore, Sec14 and Sec14 like proteins form central conduits to integrate multiple aspects of lipid metabolism with productive phosphoinositide signaling. (tamu.edu)
For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
They are critical for the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins . (reachingfordreams.com)
Interaction of membrane-spanning proteins with peripheral and lipid-anchored membrane proteins: perspectives from protein- lipid interactions (Review). (mpg.de)
Interactions between lipid-anchored and transmembrane proteins. (mpg.de)

3R)-3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] + UDP-3-O-((3R)- hydroxytetradecanoyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine = UDP-2-N,3-O-bis((3R)-3- hydroxytetradecanoyl)-alpha-D-glucosamine + a holo-[acyl-carrier- protein]. (cathdb.info)
LpxD from Escherichia coli prefers (R,S)-3-hydroxymyristoyl-[acyl- carrier protein] over (R,S)-3-hydroxypalmitoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]. (cathdb.info)
The protein is associated with microtubules , and Chatterjee and colleagues silenced the gene via short interfering RNA (siRNA) a molecular biological mechanism to study genes, targeting the CKAP5 encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles for in vivo delivery. (medicalxpress.com)
Through a series of bioactivity assays, we found the transfer to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) in a fatty acyl-AMP ligase (FAAL)-dependent manner determined the specificity of lipids selected in the biosynthetic process. (duke.edu)
The origin of the eukaryotic N- glycosylation pathway is not unique and less straightforward than previously thought: some basic components likely have proteoarchaeal origins, but the pathway was extensively developed before the eukaryotic diversification through multiple gene duplications, protein co-options, neofunctionalizations and even possible horizontal gene transfers from bacteria. (biomedcentral.com)
This oligosaccharide is always transferred to the NH2 group on the side chain of an asparagines residue of the protein. (microbenotes.com)
The thiamine- and flavin-dependent peripheral membrane protein pyruvate oxidase from E. coli (EcPOX) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of the central metabolite pyruvate to CO2 and acetate with a concomitant electron transfer step to ubiquinone 8 (Q8), a membrane-bound mobile carrier of the respiratory chain. (uni-goettingen.de)
Thus, the flavin acts as redox switch and a signal transfer cascade starting from the reduced flavin leads to exposure of the hitherto protein-bound membrane anchor. (uni-goettingen.de)
Upon activation these contacts are disturbed by conformational changes of the protein and the lipid binding domain to ensure membrane anchor exposure. (uni-goettingen.de)
PEP3 was recently identified as phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PtdInsTP), and here we report that PEP1 consists of the type I phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase (PtdInsP5K). (nih.gov)
Exosomes are one of the most researched classes of extracellular vesicles because they are carriers of targeted protein and DNA/RNA loads. (spandidos-publications.com)
Mammalian nonspecific lipid-transfer protein (nsL-TP) (also known as sterol carrier protein 2) is a protein which seems to exist in two different forms: a 14 Kd protein (SCP-2) and a larger 58 Kd protein (SCP-x). (expasy.org)
Similarity between the amino-terminal portion of mammalian 58-kD sterol carrier protein (SCPx) and Escherichia coli acetyl-CoA acyltransferase: evidence for a gene fusion in SCPx. (expasy.org)
Such an interface facilitates the membrane deformations required for vesicularization, forms platforms for protein recruitment and assembly on appropriate sites on a membrane surface and provides lipid co-factors for optimal protein activity in the proper spatio-temporally regulated manner. (tamu.edu)
Figure 17.1 illustrates the metabolic processes involved in the overall metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein including the catabolic processes to produce energy and urea (the product of the detoxification of the nitrogen moiety of amino acids) and anabolic processes to form tissue protein and energy stores, glycogen and lipids. (oncohemakey.com)
G-6-PO 4 can also be produced via pyruvate from protein catabolism of glucogenic amino acids ( Table 17.1 ) or breakdown of glycerol from lipids (gluconeogenesis). (oncohemakey.com)
Sterol carrier protein-2 ( SCP-2) is an intracellular, small, basic protein domain that in vitro enhances the transfer of lipids between membranes. (slu.se)
The gene SLC39A4 was found to encode a solute carrier protein called human zinc/iron-regulated transporterlike protein (hZIP4). (medscape.com)
The MTTP gene provides instructions for making a protein called microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Most MTTP gene mutations lead to the production of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein with reduced or absent function, preventing the formation of beta-lipoproteins. (medlineplus.gov)
this mutation replaces the protein building block (amino acid) glycine with a premature stop signal at position 865 (written as Gly865Ter or G865X) in the instructions used to make the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Gunduz M, Ozaydin E, Atar MB, Koc N, Kirsaclioglu C, Kose G, Cefalu AB, Averna M, Tarugi P. Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene mutations in Turkish children: A novel mutation and clinical follow up. (medlineplus.gov)
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression in adipocytes: a new component in fat metabolism. (medlineplus.gov)
Walsh MT, Di Leo E, Okur I, Tarugi P, Hussain MM. Structure-function analyses of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein missense mutations in abetalipoproteinemia and hypobetalipoproteinemia subjects. (medlineplus.gov)
Lipid-protein interactions and effect of local anesthetics in acetylcholine receptor-rich membranes from Torpedo marmorata electric organ. (mpg.de)
Integration of a K+ channel-associated peptide in a lipid bilayer: Conformation, lipid-protein interactions, and rotational diffusion. (mpg.de)
Spin label saturation transfer EPR determinations of the stoichiometry and selectivity of lipid-protein interations in the gel phase. (mpg.de)
Exchange rates at the lipid-protein interface of the myelin proteolipid protein determined by saturation transfer electron spin resonance and continuous wave saturation studies. (mpg.de)
Lipid-protein interactions in ADP-ATP carrier/egg phosphatidylcholine recombinants studied by spin-label ESR spectroscopy. (mpg.de)
Influence of polar residue deletions on lipid-protein interactions with the myelin proteolipid protein. (mpg.de)
It is caused by a homozygous autosomal recessive mutation in the gene for microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). (medscape.com)
Raina D.B., Larsson D., Mrkonjic F., Isaksson H., Kumar A., Lidgren L., Tägil L. Gelatin- hydroxyapatite- calcium sulphate based biomaterial for long term sustained delivery of bone morphogenic protein-2 and zoledronic acid for increased bone formation: In-vitro and in-vivo carrier properties. (lu.se)

Along with genes involved in sulfur metabolism, this transcription factor regulated a number of uncharacterized transporter genes and genes involved in mitochondrial electron transfer. (escholarship.org)
Sec14 like PITPs couple lipid metabolism with phosphoinositide synthesis to regulate Golgi functionality. (tamu.edu)
Hooper AJ, van Bockxmeer FM, Burnett JR. Monogenic hypocholesterolaemic lipid disorders and apolipoprotein B metabolism. (medlineplus.gov)
Throughout his career Fred has focused on enzyme discovery in plant and algal lipid metabolism. (rsc.org)
these apolipoproteins have lipid-soluble segments, the beta apolipoproteins, which remain part of the lipoprotein throughout its metabolism. (medscape.com)

The enzyme catalyzes a step of lipid A biosynthesis. (cathdb.info)
Natural products belonging to the lipid II-binding family act as potent antimicrobial agents by disrupting cell wall biosynthesis via sequestering the late-stage intermediate lipid II. (duke.edu)
This work led to the discovery of a novel class I lasso peptide, arcumycin, and we validated a conserved mechanism of action for Actinobacteria-produced lasso peptides in targeting lipid II biosynthesis. (duke.edu)
The DOLK gene encodes dolichol phosphate (DOLK), an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate molecule onto dolichol following dolichol biosynthesis. (cdghub.com)
DOLK catalyzes the transfer of phosphate from cytidine triphosphate (CTP) to dolichol following biosynthesis of dolichol, generating dolichol phosphate (Dol-P). Dol-P is a lipid carrier of the oligosaccharide precursor in N-glycosylation and as a donor of glucose and mannose for several glycosylation pathways 1,2,8,12 . (cdghub.com)
In higher plants, FAD2 gene encodes the microsomal oleate Δ12-desaturase, one of the key enzymes essential for biosynthesis of polyunsaturated lipids that serve many important functions in plant development and stress responses. (researchsquare.com)
Peptidoglycan biosynthesis is driven by lipid transfer along enzyme-substrate affinity gradients. (ox.ac.uk)
John Ohlrogge at the Plant Biology Department of Michigan State University as a postdoctoral fellow to work on the biosynthesis of the plant lipid polyesters cutin and suberin. (rsc.org)

Association of EcPOX to the lipid bilayer is conferred by the last 23 amino acids of the C-terminal part which form an amphipathic helix in the presence of membranes. (uni-goettingen.de)
Binding to the lipid bilayer is not only mandatory for feeding the reducing equivalents into the electron transport chain, but also leads to enhancement of the catalytic activity of the enzyme. (uni-goettingen.de)
Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-surrounded extracellular vesicles released from cells into the extracellular space or biological fluids ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

In parallel, CEA-Leti has designed and prepared nanostructured lipid carriers to transport siRNA biomolecules. (cea.fr)

In eukaryotes, the synthesis of the oligosaccharide core is mediated by a lipid carrier called dolichol-phosphate (Dol-P) which is located in the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER, Fig. 1a ). (biomedcentral.com)
sphaeroides, solar energy is converted via coupled electron and proton transfer reactions within the intracytoplasmic membranes (ICMs), infoldings of the cytoplasmic membrane that form spherical 'chromatophore' vesicles. (uea.ac.uk)
This thesis describes the utilization of electrochemical methods for studying polyion-surfactant interactions, drug transfer through biomimetic phospholipid membranes and lateral charge transfer in DNA. (aalto.fi)
Zinc stabilizes cell membranes by reducing free radicals and preventing lipid peroxidation. (medscape.com)
Distance measurements in membranes using spin label saturation transfer electron-spin-resonance. (mpg.de)

The stability of nanocomplexes (siRNA loaded lipid nanoparticles) in very complexe colonic media is still under evaluation and optimization , yet major achievments were already completed. (cea.fr)
Therapeutic molecules will be specific siRNAs allowing a specific, sensitive inhibition of new molecular targets (targeted medicine) and thesenovel bio-therapeutics vulnerable to enzymatic degradation in biological environment will be delivered to the inflamed gut through smartly designed lipid nanoparticles offering protection and transport across biological barriers (barriers). (cea.fr)

Methods for the preparation of a lipid-nucleic acid composition are provided. (justia.com)
According to the methods, a mixture of lipids containing a protonatable or deprotonatable lipid, for example an amino lipid and a lipid such as a PEG- or Polyamide oligomer-modified lipid is combined with a buffered aqueous solution of a charged therapeutic agent, for example polyanionic nucleic acids, to produce particles in which the therapeutic agent is encapsulated in a lipid vesicle. (justia.com)
This invention relates to compositions comprising a combination of a lipid and a therapeutic agent, particularly to lipid-nucleic acid compositions, for in vivo therapeutic use. (justia.com)
To solve the problems of low siRNA transfection efficiency and degradation by nucleases, we used Lipid-polycation-nucleic acid (LPN) complex nanocarrier vectors. (docksci.com)

E.coli lipid A acyltransferases do not have an absolute specificity for 14-carbon hydroxy fatty acids but can transfer fatty acids differing by one carbon unit if the fatty acid substrates are available. (cathdb.info)
When grown on 1% propionic acid, lipid A also contains the odd-chain fatty acids tridecanoic acid, pentadecanoic acid, hydroxytridecanoic acid, and hydroxypentadecanoic acid. (cathdb.info)
In flowering plants, the anther cuticle and pollen wall are riched in lipids, mainly fatty acids and their derivatives [17, 18]. (researchsquare.com)
Dietary fats, and lipids produced endogenously from acetyl-CoA, are initially hydrolysed by lipases into glycerol and free fatty acids. (oncohemakey.com)
Fatty acids enter the mitochondria via the carnitine transport cycle (medium chain fatty acids enter independently of carnitine) into the β-oxidation spiral in which fatty acids, via a series of enzymes, produce acetyl-CoA and electron carriers. (oncohemakey.com)
Castor oil is a triglyceride lipid composed of unique fatty acids, 90% of which are rare ricinoleic acids. (livingearthbeauty.com)

Once dolichol is generated, it must be phosphorylated by the enzyme dolichol kinase (DOLK), generating dolichol-phosphate (Dol-P) before it can be used as a lipid carrier or monosaccharide donor 8,12 . (cdghub.com)

The repeat units are built up at undecaprenylphosphate lipid carriers that are anchored in the cytoplasmic membrane. (caister.com)

Structure, specificity in the transfer of genetic information. (unizg.hr)

Distance measurements using paramagnetic ion-induced relaxation in the saturation transfer electron spin resonance of spin-labeled biomolecules: Application to phospholipid bilayers and interdigitated gel phases. (mpg.de)

Specific glycosyltransferases sequentially transfer the sugar moieties of the nucleotide sugar xanthan precursors to the lipid carriers. (caister.com)
Overall, we provide a molecular view of how PG membrane enzymes convey lipid precursors through favourable binding events and highlight possible opportunities for intervention. (ox.ac.uk)

Collectively, through each project we have gained a deeper understanding of the structural elements and biosynthetic pathways of lipid II-binding antimicrobials. (duke.edu)
It shares mechanistic similarities based on the use of polyisoprenol lipid carriers with other glycosylation pathways involved in the synthesis of bacterial cell wall components (e.g. peptidoglycan and teichoic acids). (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, these results support the conclusion that in most cases the transfer of organic pollutants to aquatic organisms from microplastic in the diet is likely a small contribution compared to other natural pathways of exposure. (researchgate.net)
They act as electron carriers in a number of oxidation-reduction(redox) reactions involved in energy production and in numerous metabolic pathways. (reachingfordreams.com)

The transfer of WTA from lipid carriers to PG, catalyzed by the LytR-CpsA-Psr (LCP) enzyme family, offers a unique extracellular target for the development of new anti-infective agents. (rcsb.org)
The Vickers, Weaver, Coffey, and Patton labs at Vanderbilt examined the role of m(6)A methylation on export of miRNAs into EVs, showing that depletion of METTL3, an m(6)A writer enzyme, decreased the spread of cancer phenotypes usually transferred via EVs (4). (exrna.org)

The PufX polypeptide creates a channel that allows the lipid soluble electron carrier quinol, produced by RC photochemistry, to diffuse to the cytochrome bc1 complex, where quinols are oxidised to quinones, with the liberated protons used to generate a transmembrane proton gradient and the electrons returned to the RC via cytochrome c2. (uea.ac.uk)
1. The electron transport chain is a series of electron carriers in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells, through which the electrons obtained from the glycolysis and Krebs cycle are released. (sciencequery.com)
All electrons are transferred by these carriers. (sciencequery.com)
Living organisms derive most of their energy from redox reactions, which are processes that involve the transfer of electrons. (reachingfordreams.com)

Here, by applying native mass spectrometry, we elucidate the effects of lipid substrates on the PG membrane enzymes MraY, MurG, and MurJ. (ox.ac.uk)
We show that dimerization of MraY is coupled with binding of the carrier lipid substrate undecaprenyl phosphate (C55-P). Further, we demonstrate the use of native MS for biosynthetic reaction monitoring and find that the passage of substrates and products is controlled by the relative binding affinities of the different membrane enzymes. (ox.ac.uk)

MTP mediates intracellular lipid transport in the intestine and liver and thus ensures the normal function of chylomicrons (CMs) in enterocytes and of VLDL in hepatocytes. (medscape.com)

Acetyl-CoA in excess of requirements for energy production via the Krebs cycle is converted via lipogenesis to stored lipids in adipocytes. (oncohemakey.com)

A single-residue deletion alters the lipid selectivity of a K+ channel-associated peptide in the beta-conformation: Spin label electron spin resonance studies. (mpg.de)

Carrier complexes should penetrate the biological phospholipid membrane, then escape the interior of the lipid membrane and transfer to the interior of the cell. (aalto.fi)

Vitamin B3 is a transfer inhibitor of the melanosome. (dermalsystems.com)

CYS-3 also directly regulated the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial electron transfer. (escholarship.org)

Within the Krebs cycle acetyl-CoA, combined with oxaloacetate, undergoes cycles involving eight enzymes, in which reducing equivalents are produced which then enter the electron transfer chain for the production of energy as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). (oncohemakey.com)

Glycerophospholipids that mislocalize to the outer leaflet are removed by the Mla pathway, which consists of the outer membrane channel MlaA, the periplasmic lipid carrier MlaC, and the inner membrane transporter MlaBDEF. (princeton.edu)

Each lipoprotein is characterized by its lipid composition and by the type and number of apolipoproteins it possesses. (medscape.com)

The structures of these WTA transferases provide new insight into the binding of lipid-linked WTA and enable assignment of the catalytic roles of conserved active-site residues. (rcsb.org)

Intranasal administration is a potential route associated with high drug transfer from nose to brain and drug bioavailability. (wikipedia.org)
Animal studies show intranasal administration of pro-resolving lipid mediators decreased both factors, slowing pathogenesis of this disease. (wikipedia.org)

The development of commercially available transfection reagents for gene transfer applications has revolutionized the field of molecular biology and scientific research. (mdpi.com)

This work demonstrates that lipid-detergent mixed micelles can be employed successfully in order to achieve and modulate the transfer of bio-active hydrophobic compounds into lipid carriers by means of a simple and bio-safe procedure. (rsc.org)

Membrane vesicles, actively released by cells, represent a mechanism of intercellular communication that is conserved evolutionarily and involves the transfer of molecules able to induce epigenetic changes in recipient cells. (unicyte.ch)
The Vickers lab reported on the biophysics of binding between HDL and small RNAs, an important aspect of the mechanism by which lipids can protect RNAs in circulation (5). (exrna.org)

The electron emitted from NADH + H⁺ or FADH₂ reaches oxygen through a series of electron carriers called the electron transport chain. (sciencequery.com)
The coenzymes oxidize themselves with the help of some electron carriers and produce high-energy ATP molecules through the electron transport chain (3) & (6) . (sciencequery.com)
There are five components or carriers that participate in the electron transport chain. (sciencequery.com)

The first includes efforts to characterize the relationship between structural feature and bioactivity for the lipid II-binding CDA (calcium dependent antibiotic), malacidin. (duke.edu)

Surface charges on the lipid particles are at least partially neutralized to provide surface-neutralized lipid-encapsulated compositions of the therapeutic agents. (justia.com)
The problem of oligonucleotide delivery has been approached using a surface-active compound as a carrier for the oligonucleotide. (aalto.fi)
In a related study, charge transfer in DNA immobilized on silicon surface has been studied by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to get fundamental information on nano-sized immobilized DNA-architectures. (aalto.fi)

A wonderful skin identical carrier, lecithin enhances skin absorption. (dermalsystems.com)

Compared with therapeutic antibodies, they offer new possibilities for targeted medicines with good control of immunogenicity and bioavailability, when delivered by appropriate carriers. (cea.fr)
The presence of microplastics in sediments had an overall impact of reducing bioavailability and transfer of HOCs to sediment-ingesting organisms. (researchgate.net)

A saturation transfer electron spin resonance study. (mpg.de)
A simple analytical treatment of the sensitivity of saturation-transfer EPR spectra to slow rotational diffusion. (mpg.de)
Saturation transfer electron spin resonance of Ca2(+)-ATPase covalently spin-labeled with beta-substituted vinyl ketone- and maleimide-nitroxide derivatives. (mpg.de)
Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer and Arterial Spin Labeling: How Similar Pulse Sequences detect Different Phenomena. (lu.se)

In contrast, Beckingham and Ghosh (2017) [61] determined that PCB transfer fro MP spheres into benthic worms was much less than transfer from surrounding sediment Thaysen et al. (researchgate.net)

Lipid transport is a complex process and is discussed in Chapter 19. (oncohemakey.com)
Transport by partitioning is distinct from both bulk flow and receptor-mediated transport, because differently from bulk flow, cargo can be concentrated in transport carriers, yet the concentrating process does not depend on specific cargo receptors ( Fig. 1 and Box 1 ). (biologists.com)

The ERCC2 published 50 manuscripts during this past funding year (Aug 2021 - July 2022): 34 from ERCC2 (16 from exRNA carrier grants, 17 from single EV grants, and 2 from the DMRR), and 17 from ERCC1 grants. (exrna.org)

Frédéric Beisson obtained his PhD in Biochemistry from the University of Aix-Marseille in 1999 working on plant lipid bodies and lipases. (rsc.org)

The complexation of the oligonucleotide with the surfactant shields most of the oligonucleotide's negative charges, thus making its incorporation into the lipophilic cell membrane and transfer through it more probable. (aalto.fi)

This lipid asymmetry creates mechanical strength, lowers membrane permeability, and is necessary for virulence in many pathogens. (princeton.edu)

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