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TranscytosisLipidsReceptors, Polymeric ImmunoglobulinLipid MetabolismLipid ALipid BilayersEndocytosisBiological TransportSecretory ComponentCell PolarityLipid PeroxidationImmunoglobulin AReceptors, FcDogsFetuinsLipid PeroxidesEpithelial CellsCaveolaeCell LineMyelin and Lymphocyte-Associated Proteolipid ProteinsLow Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2Brefeldin ACell MembraneProtein TransportImmunoglobulin A, SecretoryMembrane MicrodomainsCaco-2 CellsAmitroleCaveolin 1Blood-Brain BarrierCholesterolNocodazoleEndosomesEpitheliumHorseradish PeroxidaseAsialoglycoproteinsIntestinal MucosaMadin Darby Canine Kidney CellsTransferrinTransport VesiclesCaveolinsReceptors, TransferrinPhospholipidsRicinCells, CulturedExocytosisAlbuminsPhosphatidylcholinesCell CompartmentationCyclopentanesFatty AcidsFilipinEnterocytesTriglyceridesThyroglobulinLiverProto-Oncogene Proteins c-yesProtein BindingPolylysineNystatinHeymann Nephritis Antigenic Complexrab GTP-Binding ProteinsMicroscopy, ElectronTemperaturePinocytosisPoly IBotulinum Toxins, Type AMembrane ProteinsLiposomesBileKidneyLysosomesMucous MembraneGlucosylceramidesOrganellesPeyer's PatchesGold ColloidModels, BiologicalImmunity, MucosalMicroscopy, ConfocalGalactosylceramidesGoldBile CanaliculiCapillary PermeabilityHIV Envelope Protein gp160LeupeptinsMicrotubulesEndothelium, VascularKineticsDextransTight JunctionsVesicular Transport ProteinsMolecular Sequence DataImmunoglobulin GMembrane FluidityThyroid GlandTime Factors

Caveolae-mediated transcytosisSIGNAL TRANSDUCTIONSuppression of transcytosisEndocytosis and transcytosisEndothelialUptakeNanoparticlesMetabolismMembraneDropletsVesicularMfsd2aEpithelial cellsPermeabilityRaftsReceptorsEndotheliumInhibitionSerumCellularAccumulationMicePeptidesMonolayersFatty acidMechanismsTransportPlasmaProcessProfileProductsLargeDomainsActivation

Caveolae-mediated transcytosis1

• We identify that Mfsd2a acts at the BBB to regulate a specific vesicular trafficking pathway, caveolae-mediated transcytosis, in CNS endothelial cells by suppressing caveolae pit formation and cargo uptake at the plasma membrane. (pharmaweek.com)

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION3

• Endocytic/exocytic CELL MEMBRANE STRUCTURES rich in glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, and lipid-anchored membrane proteins that function in ENDOCYTOSIS (potocytosis), transcytosis, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION . (nih.gov)
• It binds CHOLESTEROL and is involved in LIPIDS transport, membrane traffic, and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. (lookformedical.com)
• Background Caveolin-1, the main structural protein of caveolae, is involved in cholesterol homoeostasis, transcytosis, endocytosis and signal transduction and thought to play an important role in lipidogenesis. (uniba.it)

Suppression of transcytosis1

• The timing of this suppression of transcytosis coincides with the establishment of BBB function. (elifesciences.org)

Endocytosis and transcytosis2

• Inhibition of adsorptive endocytosis and transcytosis in pulmonary microvessels. (colorado.edu)
• Induction of Hypoxic Response in Caco-2 Cells Promote the Expression of Genes Involved in SARS-CoV-2 Endocytosis and Transcytosis. (cdc.gov)

Endothelial6

• Aprotinin transcytosis across bovine brain capillary endothelial cell (BBCEC) monolayers is at least 10-fold greater than that of holo-transferrin. (aspetjournals.org)
• Uptake and transcytosis of both LIP types and control vesicles by human brain endothelial hCMEC/D3 cells were measured. (stabvida.com)
• Transcytosis is actively inhibited in the CNS endothelial cells for BBB integrity. (pharmaweek.com)
• The lipids transported by Mfsd2a establish a unique lipid environment that inhibits caveolae vesicle formation in CNS endothelial cells to suppress transcytosis and ensure BBB integrity. (pharmaweek.com)
• Stroke resulted in vascular damage that was similar on structural and molecular levels between genotypes, though ob/ob mice showed an increase in transcytosis in endothelial cells which may mediate their enhanced blood-brain barrier breakdown.Some studies have found obese patients have better outcome after stroke, perhaps because they are protected from detrimental post-stroke weight loss. (manchester.ac.uk)
• Cav1, via biogenesis of caveolae, is not only essential for lipid uptake and regulation, transcellular transport and signalling in endothelial cells, but also for the entry of certain viruses into mammalian cells (SV40). (diff.org)

Uptake1

• 2016). Cellular uptake and transcytosis of lipid-based nanoparticles across the intestinal barrier: Relevance for oral drug delivery . (up.pt)

Nanoparticles2

• Taylor E.N., Kummer K.M., Dyondi D., Webster T.J., Banerjee R. Multi-scale strategy to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa on surfaces using solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with free fatty acids. (hailshamgrange.co.uk)
• Li J, Yang Y, Huang L: Calcium phosphate nanoparticles with an asymmetric lipid bilayer coating for siRNA delivery to the tumor. (trpv-antagonist.com)

Metabolism3

• The metabolic response to MCAO was therefore assessed, with ob/ob mice showing altered lipid metabolism post-stroke, such as increased fatty acid release from adipose tissue into the plasma. (manchester.ac.uk)
• Genetic elimination of the fibrinogen-binding motif to CD11b in Alzheimer's disease mice reduced microglial lipid metabolism and neurodegenerative signatures that were shared with autoimmune-driven neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis mice. (nature.com)
• In recent research, new functions for the SREBP family have offered insight on the effect of lipid metabolism on various pathophysiological diseases (cancers, steatosis and immunity, PMID: 22154484). (novusbio.com)

Membrane10

• In the present study, we examined potential contributory roles of membrane-associated, cholesterol-enriched lipid rafts/caveolae and their constituent proteins (e.g., caveolin-1 [Cav-1]) as potential sites for IL-1β−induced nitric oxide (NO) release in the isolated β-cell. (diabetesjournals.org)
• Here we provide the first evidence to suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1 and subsequent interaction among members of the Ras signaling pathway within the membrane lipid microdomains represent early signaling mechanisms of IL-1β in β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
• Introduction The plasma membrane is usually a highly dynamic Fonadelpar environment, which constantly exchanges lipids and proteins with intracellular compartments through exocytic and endocytic processes. (fabretp.org)
• The plasma membrane is what they call a mosaic of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates. (studymode.com)
• During diffusion, molecules that are small enough to pass through a membrane's pores or molecules that can dissolve in the lipid bilayer of a membrane move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. (studymode.com)
• Facilitated diffusion occurs when molecules are too large to pass through a membrane or are lipid insoluble. (studymode.com)
• A network of membrane compartments, located at the cytoplasmic side of the GOLGI APPARATUS, where proteins and lipids are sorted for transport to various locations in the cell or cell membrane. (lookformedical.com)
• The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (lookformedical.com)
• CAV -1 is an integral membrane protein found in caveolae, omega-shaped invaginations of the plasma membrane that form a subdomain of cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich lipid rafts.Cav1 gene is localized to locus D7S522 of human chromosome 7q31.1In vivo, two isoforms of Cav1 are known to exist: α-caveolin that contains residues 1-178 and β-caveolin that contains residues 32-178. (diff.org)
• Fatty hepatocytes were characterized by a significant increase in the expression of caveolin-1 around and within the lipid droplets as well as in the inner membrane of mitochondria. (uniba.it)

Droplets1

• Some Cav1 has been localized, in a cell type-specific manner, to the cytosol (for example in skeletal muscle cells and keratinocytes), secretory vesicles (in endocrine and exocrine cells), mitochondria (in airway epithelial cells) and lipid droplets. (diff.org)

Vesicular1

• 11) It's #Transcytosis (an active process), through a vesicular pathway involving #caveolae , scavenger receptors ( #SRB1 ) and activin like receptor kinase 1 ( #ALK1 ). (cardiometabolic-ce.com)

Mfsd2a1

• Finally, we demonstrate a key mammalian BBB regulator Mfsd2a, which inhibits transcytosis, plays a conserved role in zebrafish, as mfsd2aa mutants display increased BBB permeability due to increased transcytosis. (elifesciences.org)

Epithelial cells2

• Both gp120 and gp41 specifically recognize glycosphingolipids galactosyl-ceramide (GalCer) or 3' sulfo-galactosyl-ceramide (GalS) present in the lipid rafts structures of epithelial cells. (proteopedia.org)
• Binding to these alternative receptors allows the rapid transcytosis of the virus through the epithelial cells. (proteopedia.org)

Permeability1

• Sucrose permeability was unaffected by high concentrations of aprotinin, indicating that transcytosis of aprotinin was unrelated to changes in the BBCEC monolayer integrity. (aspetjournals.org)

Rafts2

• Disruption of lipid rafts (e.g., with cyclodextrin) markedly reduced IL-1β−induced gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NO release from β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
• IL-1β treatment also increased (within 20 min) the translocation of H-Ras into lipid rafts. (diabetesjournals.org)

Receptors1

• Among all the approaches used for increasing brain delivery of therapeutics, the most accepted method is the use of the physiological approach which takes advantage of the transcytosis capacilty of specific receptors expressed at the BBB. (cureffi.org)

Endothelium1

• Electron microscopy studies further reveal high levels of transcytosis in brain endothelium early in development that are suppressed later. (elifesciences.org)

Inhibition1

• Her laboratory has recently published on the importance of the inhibition of transcytosis for maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity and how the mechanisms regulating transcytosis levels could be manipulated to aid the entry of therapeutics into the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)

Serum1

• Severe COVID-19 in pregnancy has a distinct serum profile, including greater complement activation and dysregulation of serum lipids. (cdc.gov)

Cellular1

• Many cellular processes such as cytokinesis, transcytosis, morphogenesis, or synaptic transmission rely on recycling2. (fabretp.org)

Accumulation1

• These peptides, and in particular Angiopep-2, exhibit higher transcytosis capacity and parenchyma accumulation than aprotinin. (aspetjournals.org)

Mice1

• Genetic restoration of CETP expression in mice to generate a more human-like lipid profile may increase the relevance of murine models for VCID studies. (biomedcentral.com)

Peptides1

• We demonstrate here the transcytosis ability of aprotinin and peptides derived from Kunitz domains using an in vitro model of the BBB and in situ brain perfusion. (aspetjournals.org)

Monolayers2

• SAAS:SAAS000328_004_020447][RuleBase:RU004292] The gp120-gp41 heterodimer allows rapid transcytosis of the virus through CD4 negative cells such as simple epithelial monolayers of the intestinal, rectal and endocervical epithelial barriers. (proteopedia.org)
• Transcytosis of Aβ-MAb-LIP through monolayers was 2.5 times higher when monolayers were pre-incubated with Aβ1-42. (stabvida.com)

Fatty acid1

• Products from the digestion of lipids that consist of glycerol molecules with one fatty acid attached. (hailshamgrange.co.uk)

Mechanisms1

• The internalization process can occur via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, caveolar/lipid raft-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, or a variety of other still poorly characterized mechanisms [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Transport2

• The transport are made up of pinocytosis, phagocytes, receptor mediated endocytosis, exocytosis and transcytosis. (studymode.com)
• Transport of both probes, FITC-dextran and rhodamine-lipid, was equivalent, indicating that Aβ-MAb-LIP are transferred intact through the BBB model. (stabvida.com)

Plasma1

• Is there any association between plasma lipid profile and severity of COVID-19? (cdc.gov)

Process1

• It's TRANSCYTOSIS-an active process by which #LDL -C enters the intima. (cardiometabolic-ce.com)

Profile1

• Altered Lipid Profile in COVID-19 Patients and Metabolic Reprogramming. (cdc.gov)

Products1

• Salo J, Lehenkari P, Mulari M, Metsikkö K, Väänänen HK: Removal of osteoclast bone resorption products by transcytosis. (trpv-antagonist.com)

Large1

• NP-based formulations are usually a colloidal system made of polymers, lipids, or other large macromolecules such as albumin. (encyclopedia.pub)

Domains1

• Caveolin-1 (Cav1) is a 22 KDa multifunctional scaffolding protein with multiple binding partners that is associated with cell surface caveolae and the regulation of lipid raft domains. (diff.org)

Activation1

• Lipid retention in macrophages can lead to #NLRP #inflammasome activation. (cardiometabolic-ce.com)