- The antibodies are detected by solid-phase IMMUNOASSAY employing the purified phospholipid antigen CARDIOLIPIN. (lookformedical.com)
- Cardiolipin is a phospholipid located exclusively in energy transducing membranes and it was identified in mitochondria, bacteria, hydrogenosomes and chloroplasts. (heartandsoilsupplements.com)
- Phospholipase D (PLD) in the mitochondrion hydrolyses cardiolipin to phosphatidic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- As there are four distinct alkyl chains in cardiolipin, the potential for complexity of this molecule species is enormous. (wikipedia.org)
- Finally, a molecule of CDP-DAG is bound to PG to form one molecule of cardiolipin, catalyzed by the mitochondria-localized enzyme cardiolipin synthase (CLS). (wikipedia.org)
- In prokaryotes such as bacteria, diphosphatidylglycerol synthase catalyses a transfer of the phosphatidyl moiety of one phosphatidylglycerol to the free 3'-hydroxyl group of another, with the elimination of one molecule of glycerol, via the action of an enzyme related to phospholipase D. The enzyme can operate in reverse under some physiological conditions to remove cardiolipin. (wikipedia.org)
- Cardiolipin is a molecule that is found in mitochondria in the human body, and in bacteria and chloroplasts. (heartandsoilsupplements.com)
- An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. (lookformedical.com)
- It has been proposed that the (18:2)4 acyl chain configuration is an important structural requirement for the high affinity of CL to inner membrane proteins in mammalian mitochondria. (wikipedia.org)
- Based on this special structure, the fluorescent mitochondrial indicator, nonyl acridine orange (NAO) was introduced in 1982, and was later found to target mitochondria by binding to CL. (wikipedia.org)
- In mammalian cells, but also in plant cells, cardiolipin (CL) is found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is essential for the optimal function of numerous enzymes that are involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
- Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease. (lookformedical.com)
- The name "cardiolipin" is derived from the fact that it was first found in animal hearts. (wikipedia.org)