• Early T cell signalling reactions are embedded in the complex and dynamic lipid bilayer matrix of the T cell plasma membrane and are critically defined by their lateral compartmentalisation in plasma membrane domains [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However specific lipid-mediated interactions at the T cell plasma membrane bilayer are also a central functional element in early TCR signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Peroxidation changes the structure, conformation and physicochemical properties of lipids, leading to major membrane alterations including bilayer thinning, altered fluidity, and increased permeability. (bvsalud.org)
  • 16. A living cell has a protoplasm which is water based and demarcated by a lipid bilayer membrane. (pharmatutor.org)
  • Laurdan was designed as a substitute for other dyes, such as previously modified lipids that were inadequate to observe the membrane lipid bilayer because of their interaction with other compounds within the membrane lipid bilayer. (wikipedia.org)
  • Due to its structure and its fluorescence characteristics, Laurdan is very useful in studies about lipid bilayer dynamics, more particularly about cell's plasmatic membrane's dynamics. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hydrophobic tail of the fatty acid allows the solubilization of the dye in the lipid bilayer, while the naphthalene moiety of the molecule stays at the level of the glycerol backbones of the membrane's phospholipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Analyzing a series of single-component liposomes composed of synthetic lipids of varying lengths, we demonstrate that cryoEM can distinguish bilayer thickness differences as small as 0.5 Å, comparable to the resolution of small-angle scattering methods. (gutoch.info)
  • This work proposes bilayer membranes with better electrical conductivity, a higher current efficiency for hydroxyl ions, and a lower tendency to be poisoned than commercial membranes. (mdpi.com)
  • Lipid rafts or ordered lipid domains may play a role in the localization, transport, and function of different proteins. (hindawi.com)
  • A prominent example for the decisive impact of lipid rafts on signaling is LRP6, whose localization to the same lipid rafts domain as the kinase CK1γ is crucial for its successful phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of the signalosome, hence WNT/β-catenin signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • Even though LRP6 is homogenously distributed in the membrane and only a minor fraction is raft-associated, its localization to lipid rafts is vital for the activation of the LRP6 signalosome, hence wnt/β-catenin signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • Whereas the trisaccharidic head group of Gb 3 defines the specificity of Shiga toxin binding, the lipophilic part composed of sphingosine and different fatty acids is suggested to determine its localization within membranes impacting membrane organisation and protein binding eventually leading to protein internalisation. (springer.com)
  • A similar increasing trend in the temperature dependence of F/Fo values was observed confirming their conclusion of the localization of the mant-labeled C-terminal N-Ras lipopeptide outside of lipid rafts-readily accessible by acceptor fluorophores. (typeset.io)
  • Moreover, we identified two structural motifs in transmembrane segments 2 and 4 involved in mTRPA1-cholesterol interactions that are necessary for normal agonist sensitivity and plasma membrane localization. (elifesciences.org)
  • To determine TRPA1 localization in cellular membranes we stained HEK293T cells transfected with the mTRPA1-mCherry construct with the Vybrant Alexa Fluor 488 Lipid Raft Labeling Kit. (elifesciences.org)
  • This work can be considered as a departure point for further investigations on more complex lipid mixtures displaying relevant phases such as the liquid-ordered phase and solid-lipid interfaces with biologically functional importance. (hindawi.com)
  • Many biological membranes are asymmetric and exhibit complex lipid composition, comprising hundreds of distinct chemical species. (gutoch.info)
  • We have developed a new experimental protocol for the functional reconstitution of NKAs in fluid-phase GUVs of precisely controlled, complex lipid compositions based on mixing small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) of different populations with different lipid compositions of saturated lipids and cholesterol. (researchsquare.com)
  • These complexes assemble into submicron TCR signalling domains in the T cell plasma membrane which were first studied by confocal fluorescence microscopy at the contact zone of a T cell with TCR-activating glass coverslips. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Confocal fluorescence microscopy was employed to monitor the distribution of TCR signalling plasma membrane sites and to relate their distribution to that of clustered raft markers which show resistance to Triton X 100 detergent solubilisation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In turn, only recently surface-sensitive techniques have explored the phase behaviour of lipid layers in contact with solid surfaces, such as supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) and supported layers of vesicles (SLVs). (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we employ cell-derived giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) as a model to investigate the impact of lipid peroxidation on ordered membrane domains, often termed membrane rafts. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this paper, we report the observation of the nucleotide-dependent switch of lipid domain preferences of the semisynthetic lipidated N-Ras in raft lipid vesicles in the absence of other proteins. (typeset.io)
  • We prepare compositionally uniform samples of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) of two model rafts mixtures: DOPC/DPPC/cholesterol and DOPC/PSM/chol lipid mixtures with and without transmembane protein Na+,K+-ATPase (NKA) at 37^oC in physiological buffer. (researchsquare.com)
  • From a few preparations of small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) of simple lipid compositions and proteoliposomes, GUVs with prescribed complex composition can be formed by electroswelling. (researchsquare.com)
  • We find that the method works only if cholesterol is added to the high melting lipids in the small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) of different populations in order to bring the vesicle membrane into the fluid phase prior to electroswelling and not otherwise. (researchsquare.com)
  • The study of the function and regulation of NKA or similar TM-proteins by the membrane lipid composition and the physical state of model membranes has so far led to the successful development of a method of preparation of cell-size giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) containing reconstituted proteins based on electroformation of a single population of proteoliposomes. (researchsquare.com)
  • In 1997, Simons and Ikonen renewed the interest in lipid phase studies, suggesting that lateral phase separation in biological membranes could be functionally important [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We detected phosphorylation on S155 and identified S155 as a functionally important site for lipid metabolism. (uci.edu)
  • Microdomains or lipid rafts greatly affect the distribution of proteins and peptides in the membrane and play a vital role in the formation and activation of receptor/protein complexes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Generalized polarization values vary from 1 (no solvent effect) to -1 (complete exposure to bulk water): Laurdan anisotropy detects changes in plasma membrane fluidity caused by the interaction of determinate surroundings by calculating the generalized polarization and monitoring the reconstitution of lipid microdomains. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite emergent evidence that TRPA1 is regulated by the membrane environment, it remains unknown whether this channel localizes in membrane microdomains or whether it interacts with cholesterol. (elifesciences.org)
  • We discuss the impact of such interactions on TRPA1 gating mechanisms, regulation by the lipid environment, and role of this channel in sensory membrane microdomains, all of which helps to understand the puzzling pharmacology and pathophysiology of this channel. (elifesciences.org)
  • During the last decades, the approach to overcome the complexity of biological membranes is to use simplified biomimetic models mainly consisting of binary or ternary mixtures of lipids [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • One of the most debated issues in the biophysics of lipids is lipid miscibility and its relevance to the function and organization of biological membranes. (hindawi.com)
  • Being typically a minor component of the cell membrane, they are of utmost importance for biological functions that rely on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions (Schnaar and Kinoshita 2015 ). (springer.com)
  • Many membrane-associated proteins were found to stably integrate in the rafts, which is critical for their biological function. (typeset.io)
  • Identifying the biological function and advantage of this complexity is a central goal of membrane biology. (gutoch.info)
  • The nanoscale organization of biological membranes into structurally and compositionally distinct lateral domains is believed to be central to membrane function. (gutoch.info)
  • Hence the results do not easily carry over to complex multi-component biological membranes. (researchsquare.com)
  • To rationalize these findings by the distinct lipid compositions, we computed ~200 free energies of stalk formation in membranes with different lipid head groups, tail lengths, tail unsaturations, and sterol content. (gutoch.info)
  • These findings indicate that peroxidation of plasma membrane lipids disturbs many aspects of membrane rafts, including their stability, abundance, packing, and protein and lipid composition. (bvsalud.org)
  • Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations with a distinct lipid composition. (bvsalud.org)
  • In summary, the simulations reveal a drastic influence of the lipid composition on stalk formation and a comprehensive fusogenicity map of many biologically relevant lipid classes. (gutoch.info)
  • Here, the authors develop a computationally efficient method for coarse-grained simulations of stalk formation and apply this approach to comprehensively analyse how stalk formation is influenced by the membrane lipid composition. (gutoch.info)
  • To quantify the compositional variation among GUVs, we choose an overall ternary lipid composition that displays liquid ordered (lo) and liquid disordered (ld) domains in coexistence and quantify the area fraction of the domains. (researchsquare.com)
  • Quantitative assessment of the mutual interaction between functional trans-membrane proteins and the lateral molecular organization of membranes requires assays where the molecular composition of lipids and reconstituted proteins can be accurately controlled. (researchsquare.com)
  • However, according to various experimental measurements, approximately 25 to 35 % of the cell plasma membrane is covered by nanoscopic raft domains with diameters ranging between 10 to 200 nm. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Ro of 36Å allows for sensitive detection of formation and melting of nanoscopic raft nanodomains50. (typeset.io)
  • Lipid rafts are local assemblies of highly concentrated sphingolipids and cholesterol in the cell membrane. (frontiersin.org)
  • Considerable controversy arose over the concept that cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich rafts in the T cell plasma membrane serve as a platform for TCR signalling reactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we review new biophysical and biochemical data which provide an updated picture of the highly dynamic nanometer-sized cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich raft domains stabilised by protein-networks to form TCR signalling platforms in the T cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The analysis of detergent-resistant T cell membranes had initiated the concept that early TCR signalling steps take place in cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich raft domains of T cell plasma membranes [ 10 ] (see Box for an overview of the current perception of raft domains in cell membranes). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, the impact of α-spinasterol on the structure and organization of lipid membranes was investigated and compared with those of cholesterol. (mdpi.com)
  • ranging from 4 to 15 nm), the authors followed Pathak and London50 and utilized a lipid mixture of sphingomyelin (SM), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), and cholesterol in the equimolar ratio (referred to in the following as the raft lipid mixture). (typeset.io)
  • Rearrangements of glycosphingolipids, phospholipids, as well as cholesterol explains changes in membrane fluidity. (wikipedia.org)
  • We observe both sources of contrast in biomimetic membranes composed of saturated lipids, unsaturated lipids, and cholesterol. (gutoch.info)
  • However, it is currently unknown whether TRPA1 is localized in specific domains of the plasma membrane, or whether cholesterol interacts with specific residues of TRPA1. (elifesciences.org)
  • The method is general and can be extended to prepare GUVs of high and low melting lipids and cholesterol with reconstituted transmembrane proteins at physiological temperature or below avoiding potential destruction of the protein. (researchsquare.com)
  • When extended to isolated mammalian plasma membranes, these methods reveal similar nanoscale lateral heterogeneities. (gutoch.info)
  • From a fundamental viewpoint, the interest in lipid phase behaviour stems from the nature and the thermodynamics of phase transitions, the mechanisms behind lipid miscibility and lateral phase separation, and the existence of critical phenomena [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cellular membranes are heterogeneous planar lipid bilayers displaying lateral phase separation with the nanometer-scale liquid-ordered phase (aka "lipid rafts" or Lo) surrounded by the liquid-disordered phase (Ld). (typeset.io)
  • The TCR signalling cascade is initiated by phosphorylation of critical tyrosines of the TCR/CD3 complex by the Src-family kinases Lck or Fyn which are anchored in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the T cell plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Numerous intracellular signalling proteins interact with plasma membrane lipids of the cytoplasmic leaflet via specific lipid headgroup-binding domains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The method reveals that the inner leaflet of a typical plasma membrane is far more fusogenic than the outer leaflet, which is likely an adaptation to evolutionary pressure. (gutoch.info)
  • MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
  • This behavior, however, has never been reproduced in vitro in model bilayers with recombinant proteins, and therefore has been attributed to action of other proteins binding Ras at the membrane surface. (typeset.io)
  • It is used to investigate membrane qualities of the phospholipid bilayers of cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Simulations of phase separated bilayers were used to predict two sources of contrast between coexisting ordered and disordered phases within a single liposome, namely differences in membrane thickness and molecular density. (gutoch.info)
  • One of its most important characteristics is its sensitivity to membrane phase transitions as well as other alterations to membrane fluidity such as the penetration of water. (wikipedia.org)
  • Laurdan was first applied to study membrane fluidity of live cells with a 2-Photon fluorescence microscope in 1994 and it was found that the plasma membrane of cells is more rigid than that of the nuclear membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our simulation experiments indicate, that for receptor/raft ratios smaller than 1, i.e., when the number of raft compartments clearly exceeds the number of pathway specific membrane proteins, we observe significant decrease in LRP6 phosphorylation and downstream pathway activity. (frontiersin.org)
  • Therefore, a simulation model is needed, that takes a realistic number of lipid rafts as compartments into account. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the same context, we are now revealing the mechanisms by which the metastable molecular complexes and meso-scale membrane domains, including membrane compartments, raft domains, and protein oligomers, form and work in concert to enable various plasma membrane functions. (oist.jp)
  • impairing of early cancer c chromophore hydrolysis VIa neurons in cytoplasmic membrane during promoter. (evakoch.com)
  • The methods reported here for direct, probe-free imaging of nanodomains in unperturbed membranes open new avenues for investigation of nanoscopic membrane organization. (gutoch.info)
  • With these molecules in hand, it became possible to investigate the phase behaviour of liquid ordered/liquid disordered supported membranes doped with the Gb 3 species by means of fluorescence and atomic force microscopy. (springer.com)
  • In contrast, globosides are neutral lipid molecules. (springer.com)
  • To detect segregation of Ras molecules in raft and disordered lipid domains, we measured Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between the donor fluorophore, mant, attached to the protein-bound guanine nucleotides, and the acceptor, rhodamine-conjugated lipid, localized to the liquid-disordered domains. (typeset.io)
  • Particularly, due to some water molecules located at the level of the glycerol backbone, where the naphthalene moiety resides which can only be reoriented in the liquid phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this project, we develop new single fluorescent-molecule imaging-tracking methods and new fluorescent probes, including ultrafast (world's fastest) single-molecule imaging, methods for suppressing photobleaching and photoblinking for very long single molecule tracking (several minutes) in living cells, and new fluorescent lipid probes that behave very much like their parent endogenous lipid molecules. (oist.jp)
  • SIGNIFICANCE We have used cryoEM to achieve direct, probe-free imaging of lateral domains in biomimetic lipid membranes under native conditions and to characterize differences in their structures. (gutoch.info)
  • Caveolins have long been implicated in the generation of membrane curvature, in addition to serving as scaffolds for signaling proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is demonstrated that N-Ras preferentially populated raft domains when bound to Mant-GDP, while losing preference for rafts when it was associated with a GTP mimic, mant-GppNHp. (typeset.io)
  • Fusion of cellular membranes begins with the formation of a stalk. (gutoch.info)
  • With the use of total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy we found a population of highly mobile vesicular structures near the cellular membrane containing both mTRPA1-mCherry and the lipid raft marker cholera toxin B ( Figure 1A and B , Video 1 ), as well as static areas where both fluorescent probes were colocalized at the membrane. (elifesciences.org)
  • The phase transitions of binary lipid mixtures are studied by a combination of Peltier-element-based adiabatic scanning calorimetry (pASC) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). pASC, a novel type of calorimeter, provides valuable and unambiguous information on the heat capacity and the enthalpy, whereas QCM-D is proposed as a genuine way of determining phase diagrams by analysing the temperature dependence of the viscosity. (hindawi.com)
  • Both techniques give consistent phase diagrams, which compare well with literature results, showing their capability to map the phase behaviour of pure lipids as well as lipid mixtures. (hindawi.com)
  • This requires the knowledge of static and kinetic thermodynamic properties of pure lipids and lipid mixtures. (hindawi.com)
  • However, the method works only for a restricted range of lipid compositions and does not reveal how homogeneously the lipids and proteins are intermixed. (researchsquare.com)
  • This controversy was founded on the initial definition of rafts as detergent resistant membranes which later turned out to misrepresent many features of cell membrane organisation under physiological conditions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Video microscopy technology resolving single molecule movement was employed to monitor the dynamic interaction of membrane-associated signalling proteins with TCR signalling clusters in plasma membrane domains. (biomedcentral.com)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • Considering that the raft hypothesis, linking membrane function to lateral structure, is based on the assumption that functional proteins interacting differently with the rafts and the membrane matrix [1-4], it is of importance to have available methods to study this interaction in a simple setting using model systems that permit quantitative measurements of how lateral membrane organization and active proteins mutually influence each other. (researchsquare.com)
  • Extrapolating/Translating these values to the membrane of a "normal sized" cell yields a raft abundance, that, by far, outnumbers the membrane-associated pathway components of most individual signaling pathway, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
  • We show that lipid peroxidation induced by the Fenton reaction dramatically enhances phase separation propensity of GPMVs into co-existing liquid ordered (raft) and liquid disordered (non-raft) domains and increases the relative abundance of the disordered, non-raft phase. (bvsalud.org)
  • We will here discuss recent data which provide a detailed picture of the membrane raft characteristics of the plasma membrane domains supporting active TCR signalling protein complexes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These studies tracked the movement of Lck and LAT in the T cell plasma membrane and showed retention of these proteins in the submicron TCR signalling domains and their subsequent release. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Peroxidation also leads to preferential accumulation of peroxidized lipids and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) adducts in the disordered phase, decreased lipid packing in both raft and non-raft domains, and translocation of multiple classes of proteins out of rafts. (bvsalud.org)
  • In a cell, many membrane proteins permanently reside in raft membrane domains, which is essential for their function5, 15-19. (typeset.io)
  • We show here that cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) can be used to directly image coexisting nanoscopic domains in synthetic and bio-derived membranes without extrinsic probes. (gutoch.info)
  • Since its inception in the mid-1970s, FRAP has been used to address an enormous array of questions including the characteristic features of lipid rafts, how cells regulate the viscosity of their cytoplasm, and the dynamics of biomolecules inside condensates formed by liquid-liquid phase separation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
  • To analyze whether and how the quantitative ratio between receptor and rafts affects LRP6 phosphorylation and WNT/β-catenin pathway activation, we present a computational modeling study, that for the first time employs realistic raft numbers in a compartment-based pathway model. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we apply computational modeling to analyze whether and how the quantitative ratio between receptor and rafts affects LRP6 phosphorylation and WNT/β-catenin pathway activation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Perilipin 5 S155 phosphorylation by PKA is required for the control of hepatic lipid metabolism and glycemic control. (uci.edu)
  • Of note, with these extraction procedures, GSLs are categorized by their glycan structure, whereas the lipid tails are not determined (Fahy et al. (springer.com)
  • As a result, the ER membrane is thinner and sparser than plasma membrane, with more unsaturated lipid tails. (gutoch.info)
  • The ability of cells to divide, migrate, relay signals, sense mechanical stimuli, and respond to stress all rely on nanoscale invaginations of the plasma membrane known as caveolae. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Er Membrane Is Typically Thinner And More Fluid Than The Plasma Membrane And It Contains More Curvature. (gutoch.info)
  • Shot- gun lipidomics approach displays unique changes in lipids biosynthesis in centenarians, with 41 differently abundant lipid species with respect to elderly subjects. (aging-us.com)
  • The use of Laurdan as a fluorescent marker is to visualize and quantify the insolubility of the plasma membrane, analysing its remodelling activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • In spite of the relevance of lipid-protein interactions, the phase behaviour of the lipid components of the cell membrane is believed to be of major importance to uncover some underlying principles behind the membrane function. (hindawi.com)
  • The cytosolic ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase is recruited to the T cell plasma membrane via binding to the tyrosine phosphorylated TCR-complex [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The peroxidation of membrane lipids by free radicals contributes to aging, numerous diseases, and ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death. (bvsalud.org)
  • Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are a subclass of glycolipids that are found in cell membranes of various organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. (springer.com)
  • Laurdan was designed specifically to study dipolar relaxation on cell membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • When Laurdan is located in the cell membrane its emission maximum is centered at 440 nm in gel-phase, and at 490 nm in liquid-phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2) revealing meso~nano-scale processes in signal transduction in/on the cell membrane and the formation and remodeling of the neuronal network, by using the developed single-molecule techniques. (oist.jp)
  • Na+,K+-adenosine triphosphatase (NKA) is a P-type ion-motive ATPase and integral membrane protein that spans the cell membrane via a hydrophobic trans-membrane (TM) domain and is known to be associated with rafts [5-12]. (researchsquare.com)
  • The heparan Golgi-resident selenide receptors in interconnectivity a state of interactions that are to mitochondrial influx membrane used by the irreversible expression( HA) response, and the sustained polypeptide of the archival distinct knot km2 into the tail of the complex dementia. (evakoch.com)
  • Recent studies have provided insights into the structure of essential caveolar components and how lipids are crucial for the formation, dynamics, and disassembly of caveolae. (bvsalud.org)
  • By applying the developed methods and probes, we try to reveal the dynamics and formation mechanism of metastable signaling molecular complexes in the context of synaptic signaling, Fcepsilon signaling, focal adhesion architecture and signaling, and GPI-anchored proteins' raft-based signaling. (oist.jp)
  • This simple model system has been studied using advanced optical microscopy techniques and flicker-noise analysis and it has been demonstrated that the intrinsic reaction-cycle time scale of NKA manifests itself in the lipid-protein interactions of non-equilibrium membranes and the membrane softens due to protein's activity [14]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Organisms usually contain large numbers of sphingolipid subspecies (for a pathway based compilation, see www.sphingomap.org) and knowledge about the types and amounts is imperative because they influence membrane structure, interactions with the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells, vesicular traffic and the formation of specialized structures such as phagosomes and autophagosomes, as well as participate in intracellular and extracellular signaling. (sphingolipidclub.com)
  • Isoforms H and N of Ras GTPase possess a unique ability to switch their lipid domain preference depending on the type of bound guanine nucleotide (GDP or GTP). (typeset.io)
  • Our results suggest that pathway specific targeting and sorting mechanism are required to significantly narrow down the receptor/raft ratio and to enable the formation of the LRP6 signalosome, hence signaling. (frontiersin.org)
  • For most individual signaling pathway, this quantitative point of view would imply, that rafts clearly outnumber the membrane-associated pathway components, such as receptor and kinases. (frontiersin.org)
  • The results clearly highlight the influence of the different fatty acids of the Gb 3 sphingolipids on the phase behaviour and the binding properties of Shiga toxin B subunits, even though the membranes were only doped with 5 mol% of the receptor lipid. (springer.com)
  • 2018 ). Here, we will solely focus on the less recognized globosides and in particular the globoside Gb 3 , which is the membrane receptor for vero toxins. (springer.com)
  • The current study reports data on the membrane properties of the phytosterol (3β,5α,22 E )-stigmasta-7,22-dien-3-β-ol (α-spinasterol), which represents an important component of argan oil and have not been investigated so far in molecular detail. (mdpi.com)
  • Dietary sources involved in the construction of lipid raft, n-3 PUFA from oil fish as well as polyphenols, affect the molecular and structural shape of the phospholipids in the membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • They also suggest new models for how caveolins, major structural components of caveolae, insert into membranes and interact with lipids. (bvsalud.org)
  • It is known that GSLs interact with both intracellular as well as exogenous proteins and are critical for membrane organisation, signalling, and recognition events. (springer.com)
  • Re-expression of PLIN5 S155A in the liver of Plin5 liver-specific null mice reduced lipolysis compared with wild-type PLIN5 re-expression, but was not associated with other changes in hepatic lipid metabolism. (uci.edu)
  • Lipid-specific oligomerization of the Marburg virus matrix protein VP40 is regulated by two distinct interfaces for virion assembly. (uci.edu)
  • The MARV matrix layer confers the virion filamentous shape and stability but how host lipids modulate mVP40 oligomerization is mostly unknown. (uci.edu)
  • First, measurements of membrane thickness in laterally uniform single-component membranes show that cryoEM is capable of sub-angstrom resolution of interleaflet membrane thickness. (gutoch.info)
  • Because of a partial charge separation between the 2-dimethylamino and the 6-carbonyl residues, the naphthalene moiety has a dipole moment, which increases upon excitation and causes the reorientation of the surrounding solvent dipoles. (wikipedia.org)
  • Information about the phase behaviour of supported lipid layers is relevant for lipid-based nanobiotechnology applications such as inmunosensors and lipid nanodevices [ 22 , 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Extraction procedures are optimized to precipitate and remove proteins and nucleic acids while maximizing solubilization of GSLs along with other lipids. (springer.com)