Lipid molecule. Medical search. Frequent questions

At the Max Planck Institute in Potsdam, the researchers discovered that the proteins and lipids combine to form tiny globules. (nanowerk.com)
The astonishing thing for us was that the proteins and lipids evidently mix again to form the same nanoglobules we had already found in the original slime," Matt Harrington says. (nanowerk.com)
Combined, the structures of the proteins and lipids provide rules about the size, shape, and chemical content of the kinds of lipids that can bind CD1 and cause a T-cell response-either activation or deactivation. (rug.nl)
They study how certain proteins and lipids (fats) in blood samples may indicate a level of risk for heart disease. (cdc.gov)

Each phospholipid molecule contains two fatty acids. (wellnessadvantage.com)
The pathway that affects implantation involves a particular type of receptor molecule -- a protein called a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor that can be found on the surfaces of cells in the brains and in the uteruses of mammals, where it binds to LPA, one type of phospholipid. (sciencedaily.com)
Oxidized phospholipid species are important, biologically relevant, lipid signaling molecules that usually exist in low abundance in biological tissues. (cdc.gov)

Different lipid compositions to obtain information about the possible effects by which cholesterol influences NavAb channels were studied. (aiche.org)
Cholesterol increased lipid packing implying that it plays a crucial role in restricting lipid movement in the region around 1 nm of the channel in a 1-palmitoyl-2-oeleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC) matrix. (aiche.org)
Contents: Summary of "activated" molecules -- Cholesterol biosynthesis -- Lipoproteins and their roles -- Synthesis of N-containing molecules -- Control of all metabolism. (ac.ke)
Mutations in these genes lead to a shortage of functional protein, which prevents movement of cholesterol and other lipids, leading to their accumulation in cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers have shown how cholesterol - a molecule normally linked with cardiovascular diseases - may also play an important role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease. (cam.ac.uk)
The Cambridge researchers found that cholesterol, which is one of the main components of cell walls in neurons, can trigger amyloid-beta molecules to aggregate. (cam.ac.uk)
In the case of Alzheimer's disease, the amyloid-beta molecules stick to the lipid cell membranes that contain cholesterol. (cam.ac.uk)
Once stuck close together on these cell membranes, the amyloid-beta molecules have a greater chance to come into contact with each other and start to aggregate - in fact, the researchers found that cholesterol speeds up the aggregation of amyloid-beta by a factor of 20. (cam.ac.uk)
Since it is insoluble, while travelling towards its destination in lipid membranes, cholesterol is never left around by itself, either in the blood or the brain: it has to be carried around by certain dedicated proteins, such as ApoE, a mutation of which has already been identified as a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. (cam.ac.uk)
A study by White et al found that psychosine's cytotoxic effects on oligodendroglia and Schwann cells was mediated through disruption of the architecture and composition of lipid rafts (cell membrane regions characterized by high cholesterol and sphingolipid concentration), followed by altered protein kinase C (PKC) function. (medscape.com)
[ 14 ] Psychosine was found to accumulate preferentially in white matter, with associated regional cholesterol increases causing alterations of lipid raft (LR) markers flotillin-2 and caveolin-1. (medscape.com)

Another type of lipid, phospholipids, is an important structural feature of biological membranes. (jove.com)
Acid sphingomyelinase is responsible for the conversion of a fat (lipid) called sphingomyelin into another type of lipid called ceramide. (medlineplus.gov)

Our data here suggest that a screening protocol based on lipid-catalyzed assembly will find mechanistically informative small molecule hits in this subclass of amyloid diseases. (nyu.edu)
That's a small molecule. (medscape.com)
Another small molecule that's in development now is obicetrapib in two phase 3 studies. (medscape.com)
This study highlights a direct self-assembly hydrogel from natural small molecule as a promising neuroinflammatory therapy. (nature.com)

Lipids are a group of hydrophobic molecules that include triglycerides, which are used to store energy, and phospholipids, which are the major structural components of cell membranes. (jove.com)
University of Kentucky entomology researchers have found that skin triglycerides, or lipids, keep bed bugs from staying very long on human hosts. (scitechdaily.com)
Our latest research shows the reason they do not stay on humans like other pests, such as lice, is due to lipids or triglycerides in our skin that cause them to leave their hosts and hide in nearby locations, such as beds and mattresses," said Zach DeVries, assistant professor of urban entomology with the UK College of Agriculture, Food and Environment. (scitechdaily.com)

These are specialized antigen-presenting molecules that directly bind a wide variety of lipids and present them for T cell recognition at the surface of antigen-presenting cells. (elsevierpure.com)
In the study presented in Cell , the team developed a new and sensitive method to detect more than 2,000 lipids that are bound to CD1 antigen-presenting molecules, which present antigens to the human immune system. (rug.nl)
Importantly, Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the bacterium causing TB, produces many lipids that bind to CD1 antigen-presenting molecules. (rug.nl)

sphingosine and a fatty acid - constitute about 50% of the intercellular stratum corneum lipids. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Special emphasis is put on the preparation of Gb 3 molecules differing only in their fatty acid part (saturated, unsaturated, α-hydroxylated and both, unsaturated and α-hydroxylated). (springer.com)
To obtain fluorescent Gb 3 derivatives, either fatty acid labelled Gb 3 molecules or head group labelled ones were synthesized. (springer.com)
a single fatty acid molecule with high af®nity in Cistola et al. (lu.se)
NOESY, nuclear Overhauser fatty acid, only eight water molecules are effect spectroscopy. (lu.se)

But we are still far away from an unbiased structure prediction of thermodynamically and/or kinetically stable structures of molecules on surfaces. (degruyter.com)
Lipid bilayer membranes are among the most ubiquitous structures in the living world, with intricate structural features and a multitude of biological functions. (nature.com)
Here we review the current knowledge of the biology of the CD1 system, including the structure, biosynthesis and trafficking of CD1 molecules, the structures of defined lipid antigens and the types of functional responses mediated by T cells specific for CD1-presented lipids. (elsevierpure.com)
1994). High-res- belongs to the family of intracellular lipid bind- olution crystal structures (Sacchetti ni et al. (lu.se)

Taken together, QHD may exert beneficial effects by regulating the gut microbiota and thus intervening in serum lipids. (frontiersin.org)
Abstract Background Most studies focused on the benefits of lycopene on serum lipids but no studies have been specifically designed to assess the role of a tomato sauce from vine-ripened tomatoes on patients affected by polygenic hypercholesterolemia. (researchgate.net)
We measured serum lipids and creatinine and transaminases at basal and follow-up visit. (researchgate.net)
We measured serum lipids and cr eatinine and transaminases at basal and follow-up visit. (researchgate.net)

Annular lipids are proposed to provide a connection for super-complex formation with the photosystem-I reaction center and the LHCII kinase enzyme for transmembrane signaling. (rcsb.org)
Cofactors are protein molecules which assist enzyme function. (flashcardmachine.com)

Whereas the proteins form long fibres in the interior of the slime, the lipid and water molecules are displaced to the outside and form a kind of sheath," Bär explains. (nanowerk.com)
2Department of Biochemistry ity water molecules. (lu.se)
The dispersion amplitude requires only three (apo) or four (holo) long-lived and ordered water molecules (residence time 0.01-4 ms at 300 K). Comparison of MRD pro®les from the different complexes indicates that the displaced cavity water molecules are short-lived. (lu.se)
10 ns) water molecules required by the MRD data are tentatively assigned to crystallographic hydration sites on the basis of accessibility, positional order, and H-bonding. (lu.se)
The amplitude of the high- frequency dispersion corresponds to 10-20 moderately ordered water molecules, with a correlation time of ca. 1 ns that may re¯ect a transient opening of the cavity required for exchange with external water. (lu.se)

The simplicity of the building blocks of macromolecules (amino acids, monosaccharides, fatty acids and purine and pyrimidine bases) will be contrasted with the enormous variety and adaptability that is obtained with the different macromolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids). (kent.ac.uk)
nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. (kent.ac.uk)

In membrane biology, fusion is the process by which two initially distinct lipid bilayers merge their hydrophobic cores, resulting in one interconnected structure. (wikipedia.org)
In hemifusion, the lipid constituents of the outer leaflet of the two bilayers can mix, but the inner leaflets remain distinct. (wikipedia.org)
Natural (fluid) lipid bilayers were incorporated together with membrane-bound proteins by lithographically polymerizing DiynePC/DiynePE bilayers. (figshare.com)
Whereas binding was undetectable in solution, the affinity of the CD4/pMHC II interaction could be measured in 2D using CD4- and adhesion molecule-functionalized, supported lipid bilayers, yielding a 2 D Kd of ∼5,000 molecules/μm 2 . (lu.se)

Lipid-based nanoparticle (LBNP) systems represent one of the most promising colloidal carriers for bioactive organic molecules. (mdpi.com)
A lipid nanoparticle (LNP) containing messenger RNA (mRNA) enters a cell through an endosome (right). (acs.org)
Lastly, several mechanistic barriers limiting the lipid nanoparticle delivery of siRNA and mRNA are identified. (lu.se)

Extraction procedures are optimized to precipitate and remove proteins and nucleic acids while maximizing solubilization of GSLs along with other lipids. (springer.com)

These studies have shown that divalent cations play a critical role in the fusion process by binding to negatively charged lipids such as phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. (wikipedia.org)
On top of that, mRNA strands are large and negatively charged and can't simply waltz across the protective lipid membranes of cells. (acs.org)

Fusion is involved in many cellular processes, particularly in eukaryotes since the eukaryotic cell is extensively sub-divided by lipid bilayer membranes. (wikipedia.org)

It is now well demonstrated that the repertoire of T cells includes not only cells that recognize specific MHC-presented peptide antigens, but also cells that recognize specific self and foreign lipid antigens. (elsevierpure.com)
Distinct populations of T cells exist that recognize CD1-presented lipids of microbial, environmental or self origin, and these T cells participate in immune responses associated with infectious, neoplastic, autoimmune and allergic diseases. (elsevierpure.com)
The attenuation of metal/peroxide oxidative chemistry, as well as lipid peroxidation, appears to be the major chemical mechanisms by which NO may limit oxidative injury to mammalian cells. (researchgate.net)
These are the lipids between the cells of the top layer of the epidermis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Fragile mRNA molecules used in COVID-19 vaccines can't get into cells on their own. (acs.org)
It is the latest in a series of studies that date back to the 1990s, when 'scientists from Brigham and Women's Hospital discovered that T cells can recognize lipid antigens. (rug.nl)
Identifying how lipids from Mycobacteria activate the immune system is important, explains Minnaard: 'With a vaccine, you want to stimulate those cells of the immune system that respond to lipids from this bacteria. (rug.nl)
Lipid storage diseases (also known as lipidoses) are a group of inherited metabolic disorders in which harmful amounts of fatty materials (lipids) accumulate in various cells and tissues in the body. (nih.gov)
Lipids are fat-like substances that are important parts of the membranes found within and between cells and in the myelin sheath that coats and protects the nerves. (nih.gov)
Tiny bodies within cells called lysosomes regularly convert, or metabolize, the lipids and proteins into smaller components to provide energy for the body. (nih.gov)
However, none of these nuisances compare to what these unstable molecules can do inside the body, especially to cells of the brain. (positivehealth.com)
which are compartments within cells that break down and recycle different types of molecules. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in either the NPC1 or NPC2 gene cause Niemann-Pick disease type C. The proteins produced from these genes are involved in the movement of lipids within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Ion channels-large proteins embedded in the relatively small lipid molecules forming the membrane-are responsible for conducting electrical impulses along nerve cells in the brain and throughout our body. (nist.gov)
PKC isozymes are LR-dependent molecules that link psychosine-induced LR disruption to reduced PKC function and altered cell signaling activity, possibly driving demyelination and apoptosis in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells. (medscape.com)

To understand the role of fats (lipids) in health, ageing and disease. (edu.au)

The ability of the two dimensional HPLC-mass spectrometric system to detect and characterize oxidized lipid products will allow new studies to be formulated to probe the answers to biologically important questions with regard to oxidative lipidomics and cellular insult. (cdc.gov)
In particular, advanced high resolution microscopy techniques have been used to in detail characterize and determine the efficacy of lipid mediated delivery of RNA. (lu.se)
The aim of the present study is to characterize the molecular effect of different classes of molecules on SC lipid and protein components. (lu.se)

We describe a stable and functional model biological membrane based on a polymerized lipid bilayer with a chemically modified surface. (figshare.com)
Many therapeutically active molecules are non-soluble in aqueous systems, chemically and biologically fragile or present severe side effects. (mdpi.com)
For this study, most of these lipids have been chemically prepared by the Minnaard group. (rug.nl)

Non-specific lipid-transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are involved in the movement of phospholipids, glycolipids, fatty acids, and steroids between membranes. (rcsb.org)
A polymerized lipid bilayer was formed from a mixture of two diacetylene-containing phospholipids, 1,2-bis-(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (DiynePC) and 1,2-bis-(10,12-tricosadiynoyl)- sn -glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DiynePE). (figshare.com)
In this study, a normal-phase and reverse-phase two dimensional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-mass spectrometric system was applied to separate oxidized phospholipids from their non-oxidized counterparts, allowing unambiguous detection in a total lipid extract. (cdc.gov)

The newly formed protein-lipid globules were even similar in size to those in the natural secretion. (nanowerk.com)
It's exciting to see that the kinetic analysis approach that we have developed over the past few years is now allowing us to explore increasingly complex systems, including protein-lipid interactions which are likely to be central for the initiation of aberrant protein aggregation," said co-author Professor Tuomas Knowles. (cam.ac.uk)

In lipid science , Eicosanoids are a subclass of organic compounds in the fatty acyl class [FA class] of the lipids superclass generally derived from unsaturated C20 fatty acids or skeletally related compounds, that have hormone-like effects ( autacoid effects , mediated by specialized eicosanoid receptors ). (wellnessadvantage.com)

Intro The lipid messenger PGE2 can be a significant downstream item of arachidonic acidity metabolism from the cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2, and mediates adaptive and innate immune system reactions in sensitive swelling, autoimmune illnesses, asthma, nociception, and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. (bio2009.org)
Processes involved in atherosclerosis include coagulation, inflammation, lipid metabolism, intimal injury, and smooth muscle cell proliferation (see the image below). (medscape.com)

Atoms combine to form molecules and those that are carbon based are referred to as organic molecules. (bartleby.com)

When the LNP is inside the acidic endosome (middle), the ionizable lipids become positively charged and help release the LNP and mRNA into the cell's cytoplasm. (acs.org)
Scientists have discovered that the free radical's actions can damage molecules they react with and sometimes cause the cell's demise. (positivehealth.com)
Scientists from NIST and the National Institutes of Health have found hints that anesthesia may affect the organization of fat molecules, or lipids, in a cell's outer membrane-potentially altering the ability to send signals along nerve cell membranes. (nist.gov)

In lipid science, Leukotrienes [FA0302] are a family of biologically active organic compounds in the lipid science , Eicosanoids subclass in the fatty acyl class [FA class] of the lipids superclass . (wellnessadvantage.com)

Soluble polymer fibres: The slime of velvet worms contains nanoglobules made up of lipids and proteins. (nanowerk.com)
Because the cell membrane is lipoid, lipid-soluble drugs diffuse most rapidly. (msdmanuals.com)
The un-ionized form is usually lipid soluble (lipophilic) and diffuses readily across cell membranes. (msdmanuals.com)
and other sparingly soluble polar lipids. (lu.se)

But just as it had originally been the case in other fields of synthetic chemistry, such as molecular or solid state chemistry, the outcome of such a deposition with respect to the structure of the individual molecule or the structural arrangement of many molecules is very hard to predict without prior experimental input. (degruyter.com)
In organic chemistry, Leukotrienes are a subclass of organic compounds in the eicosanoids subclass of the fatty acyl class [FA class] within the lipids superclass , consisting of eicosanoids containing a hydroxyl group attached to the aliphatic chain of an arachidonic acid. (wellnessadvantage.com)
I want to get the latest chemistry news from C&EN in my inbox every week. (acs.org)
This multidisciplinary effort involved biophysical techniques that are related to mass spectrometry and biological techniques related to lipid chemistry. (rug.nl)

Fatty ethers [FA10] are a subclass of the Fatty acyl [FA] class of lipids . (wellnessadvantage.com)

This T cell recognition of lipid antigens is mediated by a family of conserved MHC class I-like cell surface glycoproteins known as CD1 molecules. (elsevierpure.com)
The ability to measure many lipid antigens at any one time will allow future researchers to cross-check any disease-related lipid of interest against the list of candidate lipid antigens from this map and potentially make connections to diseases. (rug.nl)

Using a 2.5 Å crystal structure of the dimeric complex, we identified 23 distinct lipid-binding sites per monomer. (rcsb.org)

Under this theory, calcium ions bind more strongly to charged lipids, but less strongly to water. (wikipedia.org)

Similarly, the powerful global search techniques that have been applied to, and sometimes specifically developed for, the structure prediction of crystals and single molecules in vacuum or solvent can also be employed for the prediction of the structure(s) of molecules on surfaces. (degruyter.com)

Internal lipids mediate crosslinking to stabilize the domain-swapped iron-sulfur protein subunit, dielectric heterogeneity within intermonomer and intramonomer electron transfer pathways, and dimer stabilization through lipid-mediated intermonomer interactions. (rcsb.org)
She has established a project of her own, working on large scale studies of proteins and pathways and networks of cellular lipids in biological systems. (cdc.gov)
PKC is an important signaling molecule in numerous cell pathways, including cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. (medscape.com)

The role of lipids in the assembly, structure, and function of hetero-oligomeric membrane protein complexes is poorly understood. (rcsb.org)
This study provides a complete structure analysis of lipid-mediated functions in a multi-subunit membrane protein complex and reveals lipid sites at positions essential for assembly and function. (rcsb.org)

Its unique signature that distinguishes it from other forms of cell death is the formation and accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, particularly oxidized forms of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), which drives cell death. (cdc.gov)

Oxidative stress is the term given to the destructive process caused by free radical molecules. (positivehealth.com)

The ionized form has low lipid solubility (but high water solubility-ie, hydrophilic) and high electrical resistance and thus cannot penetrate cell membranes easily. (msdmanuals.com)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a potent lipid signaling molecule, modulates inflammatory reactions through activation of downstream G-protein coupled EP1C4 receptors. (bio2009.org)
Scientists at The Scripps Research Institute are reporting that mice created to lack a certain type of molecule known as an LPA receptor have fertility problems, which suggests that these receptors play a major role in conception. (sciencedaily.com)
Sometimes various globular proteins embedded in the matrix function as receptors and help transport molecules across the membrane. (msdmanuals.com)

Of note, with these extraction procedures, GSLs are categorized by their glycan structure, whereas the lipid tails are not determined (Fahy et al. (springer.com)

Being typically a minor component of the cell membrane, they are of utmost importance for biological functions that rely on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions (Schnaar and Kinoshita 2015 ). (springer.com)
Simultaneously we are able to monitor changes in molecular dynamics of the added molecules inside SC, enabling us to draw conclusions on interactions and partitioning of these molecules in SC. (lu.se)

The aim of this study was to compare the lipid-lowering effect of a novel functional tomato sauce with a well-known functional food with a lipid-lowering effect, i.e. a sterol-enriched yogurt. (researchgate.net)
with a well-known functional food with a lipid-lowering eﬀect, i.e. a sterol-enriched yogurt. (researchgate.net)
DiynePC formed a stable bilayer structure, whereas the ethanolamine headgroup of DiynePE enabled functional molecules to be grafted onto the membrane surface. (figshare.com)

Writing ( Fig. 1a-b ), Dynamic control of composition ( Fig. 1c-d ), Erasing ( Fig. 1e ) and Localized lipid film modification and decoration ( Fig. 1f-g ). 2D-networks are directly written by providing liposomes through the pipette, while simultaneously translating the substrate by means of a motorized stage. (nature.com)
Diffusively continuous fluidic networks can be produced in this way, where the topology is defined by the x, y scanning sequence and the composition depends on the lipids supplied by the pipette. (nature.com)
Influence of membrane lipid composition on cellular process i.e. (edu.au)
The role of membrane lipid composition in ageing i.e. (edu.au)

These processes have been correlated with solution biophysical observations of lipid bilayer catalyzed acceleration of amyloid formation. (nyu.edu)
Since amyloid-beta is normally present in such small quantities in the brain, the molecules don't normally find each other and stick together. (cam.ac.uk)
Amyloid-beta does attach itself to lipid molecules, however, which are sticky and insoluble. (cam.ac.uk)

When the team heard other researchers had found that disrupting these lipid rafts could affect a channel's function, they put to work their own previous experience working with the channels. (nist.gov)
Their finding showed a distinct difference in the way the lipid rafts responded: Exposing the membranes to an anesthetic caused the rafts to grow disorderly, freely mixing its lipids with the surrounding membrane, but the second chemical had a dramatically smaller effect. (nist.gov)

Lipoproteins are molecules made of proteins and fat. (cdc.gov)

They are composed of three fatty acids linked to glycerol through ester linkages between the hydroxyl ends of glycerol and the carboxyl ends of the fatty acids resulting in the formation of a nonpolar molecule. (jove.com)

Diffusion rate is directly proportional to the gradient but also depends on the molecule's lipid solubility, size, degree of ionization, and the area of absorptive surface. (msdmanuals.com)

Proteins are one of the major classes of bio molecule polymers that are made up of amino acid monomers, and so amino acids are the monomers that make up proteins. (pearson.com)

An international team of scientists has developed a method to detect thousands of lipid molecules that are presented to the human immune system. (rug.nl)
Then, it was discovered that lipids could be captured by specialized molecules that present them to the immune system, thereby also activating an immune response. (rug.nl)
Also, some lipids reduce the response by the immune system. (rug.nl)

At normal relative humidity and ambient temperature, the main fraction of SC lipid and protein components are solid and highly ordered, while there is a very minor co-existing fraction that is fluid/mobile. (lu.se)
Through recent developments, Polarization Transfer Solid-State NMR (PT ssNMR) method together with almost complete peak assignment of SC components permits the detection of small changes in the molecular dynamics of the minor fluid lipid and protein components upon the added chemicals. (lu.se)

What is the percentage of lipid molecules in the cell membrane. (mcqser.com)
Bricard, G & Porcelli, SA 2007, ' Antigen presentation by CD1 molecules and the generation of lipid-specific T cell immunity ', Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences , vol. 64, no. 14, pp. 1824-1840. (elsevierpure.com)
Cell membranes are biologic barriers that selectively inhibit passage of drug molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Ferroptosis is an iron dependent form of cell death, that is triggered by the discoordination of iron, lipids, and thiols. (cdc.gov)

Anatomy22

Organisms12

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs103

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment40

Phenomena and Processes72

Disciplines and Occupations5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science5

Health Care1

Proteins and lipids4

Phospholipid3

Cholesterol11

Type of lipid2

Small molecule4

Triglycerides3

Antigen-presentin3

Fatty acid5

Structures4

Serum lipids4

Enzyme2

Water molecules5

Carbohydrates2

Bilayers4

Nanoparticle3

Nucleic1

Negatively charged2

Bilayer membranes1

Cells15

Fats1

Characterize3

Chemically3

Phospholipids3

Protein-lipid2

Mediated by specialized1

Metabolism2

Atoms1

Cell's3

Biologically1

Soluble4

Chemistry4

Subclass1

Antigens2

Monomer1

Bind1

Single molecules1

Pathways3

Membrane Protein2

Accumulation1

Oxidative1

Hydrophilic1

Receptors3

Tails1

Interactions2

Functional3

Composition4

Amyloid3

Rafts2

Lipoproteins1

Glycerol1

Solubility1

Polymers1

Immune system3

Fluid2

Cell4