Lipid hydrolysis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokine in RA may be involved in the development of the disturbed lipid metabolism. (researchgate.net)
High carbohydrate intake has been found to have an adverse effect on serum lipid levels and glucose metabolism, which are likely to increase the risk of CHD [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is an important intermediate in membrane lipid metabolism that acts as a key component of signaling networks, regulating the spatio-temporal dynamics of the endomembrane system and the cytoskeleton. (frontiersin.org)
Lipid droplets are highly dynamic organelles that balance influx, storage and consumption of neutral lipids in nearly all cells of our body and are therefore central hubs in lipid metabolism. (uni-saarland.de)
However, next to nothing is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying protein targeting to lipid droplets, the biogenesis of lipid droplets from the ER membrane and the integration of lipid droplet function into lipid metabolism. (uni-saarland.de)
This suggests that the biogenesis and function of these two organelles with complementary roles in lipid metabolism is coordinated. (uni-saarland.de)
When we started this work, LDs had been identified, but their roles in regulating lipid metabolism were unclear. (asbmb.org)
We knew little about the intracellular architecture of neutral lipid metabolism and the nature and localization of the proteins that regulate LD assembly and maintenance. (asbmb.org)
We wanted to study these fundamental processes and identify the adipocyte proteins that regulate neutral lipid metabolism in response to fasting and feeding. (asbmb.org)
Such alterations are likely to lead to imbalances in lipid metabolism. (hindawi.com)
PON1 has also been implicated in the detoxication of oxidized lipids and the metabolism of a number of drugs, activating some, while inactivating others. (cdc.gov)
Collectively, these findings present new nutritional evidence for the potential effects of the TAG structure and composition of a human milk fat substitute on the growth and lipid and bile acid metabolism of the host in infancy. (bvsalud.org)

My main technological expertise is food science with a deeper understanding of technologies such as refinement and purification of oils, enzymatic processing of oils and proteins, emulsification, fish processing and lipid oxidation. (ntnu.edu)
Proteins embedded into this membrane include key enzymes for the hydrolysis and synthesis of neutral lipids. (uni-saarland.de)
However, LDs are well-organized organelles surrounded by proteins that act as gatekeepers that tightly control lipid entry and exit. (asbmb.org)
PLIN1 mainly acts as a dynamic scaffold for proteins involved in the storage and hydrolysis of neutral lipids in LDs. (asbmb.org)
Polymeric materials such as lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates are primarily hydrolyzed by extracellular, hydrolases, excreted by microbes present in Stage 1 (Fig. 4-1). (fao.org)
Ozone is ubiquitous and found in the troposphere as a pollutant, and when inhaled in the air by mammals during respiration, may interact with the lipids and proteins found in lung surfactant, present at the interface of alveoli of the lungs. (bbk.ac.uk)
The PX domain is a phosphoinositide (PI) binding module present in many proteins with diverse functions such as cell signaling, vesicular trafficking, protein sorting, and lipid modification, among others. (nih.gov)
Substance obtained by acidic, alkaline, or enzymatic hydrolysis of mixed animals composed primarily of amino acids, peptides, and proteins. (europa.eu)
Functional reintegration into lipid environments represents a major challenge for in vitro investigation of integral membrane proteins (IMPs). (tudelft.nl)
We seek to understand the details of structure, function, and mechanism of proteins involved in these highly regulated pathways, focusing on enzymes that perform hydrolysis reactions in an unexpected chemical environment: within lipid membrane or near the surface of membranes. (pewtrusts.org)
Extraction procedures are optimized to precipitate and remove proteins and nucleic acids while maximizing solubilization of GSLs along with other lipids. (springer.com)
Sample collection took termination of lipids was performed by acid place from February to April 2003 at an av- hydrolysis, while proteins were determined erage maximum outside temperature range as nitrogen content of the milk sample, then of 25-30 °C. multiplied by a specific factor to obtain the protein content [ 4,5 ]. (who.int)
Oxidant damage to cellular DNA, proteins (including the epigenome), and lipids can occur when reactive oxygen species escape cell antioxidant and repair mechanisms. (who.int)

Lipid and protein hydrolysis and oxidation. (dtu.dk)
Furthermore, a higher lipid oxidation level was recorded for fish caught in September than in August, although lipid hydrolysis occurred to be greater for fish in August than in September. (matis.is)
The analysis indicated that both lipid oxidation and hydrolysis were affected by the frozen storage temperature and the stability differed with regards to season of catch. (matis.is)

Cells store the majority of their metabolic energy in cytosolic lipid droplets. (uni-saarland.de)
3. How do lipid droplets communicate with other lipid metabolizing organelles to adapt to metabolic changes? (uni-saarland.de)
Fatty acid glycerides have a common metabolic fate that involves stepwise hydrolysis to the carboxylic acid and glycerol. (europa.eu)
In this study, the effect of sn-2 palmitic triacylglycerols (sn-2 palmitic TAGs) and the ratio between the two major sn-2 palmitic TAGs (OPL to OPO ratio) in a human milk fat substitute (HMFS) on growth, fatty acid and calcium absorptions, and lipid and bile acid metabolic alterations was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. (bvsalud.org)

These endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived organelles consist of a core of neutral lipids (mainly triglycerides and sterol-esters), which is uniquely encapsulated by a phospholipid monolayer . (uni-saarland.de)
So we hypothesized that LDs serve as active centers for the storage and breakdown of neutral lipids. (asbmb.org)

COX-2 and various other enzymes catalyze fat burning capacity of the same endocannabinoid lipids into Panobinostat several oxygenated substances. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Using tobacco pollen tubes as a model, we addressed the signaling effects of PA by probing the functions of three most relevant enzymes that regulate the production and degradation of PA, namely, phospholipases D (PLD), diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs), and lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs). (frontiersin.org)
Phylogenetic analysis indicated a highly dynamic evolution of all three lipid-modifying enzymes in land plants, with many clade-specific duplications or losses and massive diversification of the C2-PLD family. (frontiersin.org)
This communication system is based on specific lipids as messengers and enzymes responsible for their production and degradation. (frontiersin.org)
Phosphoinositides (PPIs) together with various kinases and phosphatases were described as specific lipids and enzymes with signaling functions earlier ( Martin, 1998 ). (frontiersin.org)
Patrick Adlercreutz researches enzyme technology, focusing on the use of enzymes for production of carbohydrate-based surfactants, oligosaccharides (prebiotics), lipids, and chiral building blocks (used for, e.g., pharmaceuticals). (lu.se)
Eva Nordberg Karlsson works within the fields of enzymology and microbiology, with a focus on production and biomolecular development of carbohydrate-modifying enzymes for hydrolysis (oligo- and monosaccharides) and trans-glycosylation reactions (for glycoconjugates such as surfactants and antioxidants), using the carbohydrate polymers of the biomass as the starting material. (lu.se)

and the use of food-compatible co-solvents with SC-CO 2 , such as ethanol, extends the range of SFE for processing substrates that can contain polar lipids (such as phospholipids) and related compounds [3]. (aocs.org)

Sheridan, Alan J. and Thompson, Katherine C. and Slater, Jonathan M. (2022) Interaction of negatively and positively capped gold nanoparticle with different lipid model membranes . (bbk.ac.uk)
The results clearly highlight the influence of the different fatty acids of the Gb 3 sphingolipids on the phase behaviour and the binding properties of Shiga toxin B subunits, even though the membranes were only doped with 5 mol% of the receptor lipid. (springer.com)

Further elucidation from the complexities of endocannabinoid fat burning capacity, along with simultaneous measurements of endocannabinoids, their precursors and metabolites, should improve our understanding of the physiological assignments of the lipid mediators in the anxious program. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Resolution of inflammation is an active process timely controlled by endogenous specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) produced locally in inflammatory loci to restrain this innate response, prevent further damages to the host, and permit return to homeostasis. (frontiersin.org)
Among these signaling lipids, a particular group of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), so called lipid mediators, has been thoroughly investigated over several decades. (cdc.gov)

Esterified fatty acids were hydrolyzed from lipids such as triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesteryl esters using sequential treatment with acid then base. (cdc.gov)
This gene encodes an enzyme which catalyzes the first step in the hydrolysis of triglycerides in adipose tissue. (antibodies-online.com)

The most potent effects were on lipid profile which was attributed to its ability to regulate lipoprotein hydrolysis and their uptake. (worldhealth.net)
These include increased release of reactive oxygen species from phagocytes, such as superoxide from peripheral blood neutrophils, oxidized low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), increased lipid hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde, and decreased plasma antioxidant capacity [ 4 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)

Lipid signaling employs various messenger molecules that carry out communication between the plasma membrane, the endomembrane compartments, and the cytoplasm. (frontiersin.org)
One might think that they simply result from lipid molecules separating out within the aqueous intracellular environment. (asbmb.org)
In contrast, globosides are neutral lipid molecules. (springer.com)
Indeed, a number of signaling functions of (phospho)lipid molecules has been discovered. (cdc.gov)

The main derivatisation routes include hydrolysis , fractional solvent crystallisation , esterification , hydrogenation , alkoxylation and quaternisation . (wikipedia.org)
When preparing liposomes with mixed lipid composition, the lipids must first be dissolved and mixed in an organic solvent to assure a homogeneous mixture of lipids. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Typically lipid solutions are prepared at 10-20mg lipid/ml organic solvent, although higher concentrations may be used if the lipid solubility and mixing are acceptable. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Once the lipids are thoroughly mixed in the organic solvent, the solvent is removed to yield a lipid film. (sigmaaldrich.com)
For larger volumes, the organic solvent should be removed by rotary evaporation yielding a thin lipid film on the sides of a round bottom flask. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The lipid film is thoroughly dried to remove residual organic solvent by placing the vial or flask on a vacuum pump overnight. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Complex matrices such as food typically require acid hydrolysis prior to solvent extraction, to free bound lipids and to facilitate the extraction. (buchi.com)

They feed into physiological pathways like the citric acid cycle, sugar synthesis and lipid synthesis. (europa.eu)

Our results suggest that high dietary GI and dietary GL could have an unfavorable effect on serum lipid levels, which are in turn associated with a higher CHD risk. (hindawi.com)

To examine the associations of dietary glycemic index (GI) and dietary glycemic load (GL) with blood lipid concentrations and coronary heart disease (CHD) in nondiabetic participants in the Health Worker Cohort Study (HWCS). (hindawi.com)
In order to address the hypothesis that diets that cause a high glycemic response increase the risk of a high lipid profile and CHD, we examined the associations of dietary GI and dietary GL with blood lipid levels and CHD risk among Health Worker Cohort Study (HWCS) participants. (hindawi.com)
The placebo, which was devoid of iridoid glycosides, did not significantly influence blood lipid profiles or hs-CRP. (hindawi.com)

Free radicals are known to cause oxidative damage by increasing polymorphonuclear leukocytes and by inducing lipid peroxidation [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
These conditions lead to the damage of mitochondria [ 20 ], and cigarette smoke may even induce liver injury via lipid peroxidation and corresponding inflammation [ 21 , 22 ]. (hindawi.com)
Epidemiological studies indicate that fruits and vegetables may reduce free radical-induced oxidative damage and lipid peroxidation in cigarette smokers [ 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
It inhibits lipid peroxidation and hydrolysis in the same manner as glucocorticoids. (medscape.com)

Liposomes (lipid vesicles) are formed when thin lipid films or lipid cakes are hydrated and stacks of liquid crystalline bilayers become fluid and swell. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The hydrated lipid sheets detach during agitation and self-close to form large, multilamellar vesicles (LMV) which prevents interaction of water with the hydrocarbon core of the bilayer at the edges. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Properties of lipid formulations can vary depending on the composition (cationic, anionic, neutral lipid species), however, the same preparation method can be used for all lipid vesicles regardless of composition. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The general elements of the procedure involve preparation of the lipid for hydration, hydration with agitation, and sizing to a homogeneous distribution of vesicles. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The hydration medium is generally determined by the application of the lipid vesicles. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Woods, Ben and Thompson, Katherine and Szita, N. and Chen, Shu and Milanesi, L. and Tomas, S. (2023) Confinement effect on hydrolysis in small lipid vesicles . (bbk.ac.uk)

evokes Ca 2+ -dependent hydrolysis of PIP 2 and generates two second messengers, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) and diacylglycerol (DAG) ( Rhee and Choi, 1992 ). (jneurosci.org)
Berridge's major achievement was to discover one such pathway that is linked to the hydrolysis of inositol lipids. (shawprize.org)

In immunocytochemical studies in differentiated adipocytes, we saw anti-perilipin immunoreactivity in well-defined ringlike patterns around both large and small intracellular lipid droplets. (asbmb.org)

Our lab investigates fundamental aspects of lipid droplet biogenesis and function. (uni-saarland.de)
2. How is lipid droplet biogenesis from the ER membrane regulated? (uni-saarland.de)
Our long-term goal is to understand how aberrant lipid droplet function contributes to human pathologies such as obesity, diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, which will enable the identification of novel therapeutic targets. (uni-saarland.de)

Its unique signature that distinguishes it from other forms of cell death is the formation and accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, particularly oxidized forms of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), which drives cell death. (cdc.gov)

Microbial lipids produced by oleaginous microorganism have attracted a lot of attention in the recent years as a source of high-value polyunsaturated acids as well as alternative feedstock for the production of biodiesel. (intechopen.com)
However, the production of microbial oils faces a number of problems concerning the costs of lipid extraction, carbon source and operational cost for microbial cultivation in conventional stirred tank bioreactor which makes production economically unfeasible. (intechopen.com)
Non-food feedstocks, lignocellulose biomass and different waste streams containing lignocellulose, are low-cost sources of renewable carbon that could significantly reduce the production cost of microbial lipids. (intechopen.com)
This review analyses the current production of microbial lipids from lignocellulose feedstocks and gives an overview of the main stages in the process of lipid production, pretreatment and hydrolysis of the feedstock and microbial cultivation. (intechopen.com)

Autoxidation of lipids and the production of free radicals are natural processes which affect fatty acids and lead to oxidative deterioration of meat and off-flavour development. (thescipub.com)
Lipid deterioration of Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) caught in Icelandic waters was studied, as affected by different frozen storage temperatures (-18 °C vs. -25 °C) and seasonal variation (August vs. September). (matis.is)
Results showed significant lipid deterioration with extended storage time, where the lower storage temperature showed significantly more protective effects. (matis.is)

The lipid stability was investigated by analyses of hydroperoxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), free fatty acids, as well as changes in fatty acid composition. (matis.is)

Dayal B, Ertel NH (1998) Rapid hydrolysis of bile acid conjugates using microwaves: retention of absolute stereochemistry in the hydrolysis of (25 R ) 3 α ,7α,12 α - trihydroxy-5 β -cholestan-26-oyltaurine. (springer.com)

Figure 1 illustrates the spectrum of critical fluid-based solvents that can be applied to lipophilic substrates to produce food and nutraceutical ingredients from lipid-containing feedstocks. (aocs.org)

In methane fermentation of waste waters containing high concentrations of organic polymers, the hydrolytic activity relevant to each polymer is of paramount significance, in that polymer hydrolysis may become a rate-limiting step for the production of simpler bacterial substrates to be used in subsequent degradation steps. (fao.org)
Thompson, Katherine C. and Jones, S.H. and Rennie, A.R. and King, M.D. and Ward, A.D. and Hughes, Brian R. and Lucas, C.O.M. and Campbell, R.A. and Hughes, A.V. (2013) Degradation and rearrangement of a lung surfactant lipid at the air-water interface during exposure to the pollutant gas ozone . (bbk.ac.uk)

Lipid Droplets (LDs) create a unique physicochemical environment in the cell as their hydrophobic neutral lipid core is segregated from the aqueous cytosol by a phospholipid monolayer . (uni-saarland.de)

Despite this setback, SFE is alive and well and being applied to many substrates that contain lipid matter. (aocs.org)
The membrane-embedded γ-secretase complex carries out hydrolysis within the lipid bilayer in proteolyzing nearly 150 different membrane protein substrates. (ku.edu)
The latter determines the catalytic efficiency of hydrolysis of a number of substrates including chlorpyrifos oxon, but not diazoxon. (cdc.gov)

MGL catalyzes the hydrolysis of 2-AG into arachidonic acidity (AA) and glycerol, whereas FAAH catalyzes hydrolysis of anandamide into arachidonic acidity and Panobinostat ethanolamine. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond of phosphatidylcholine to generate membrane-bound phosphatidic acid and choline. (nih.gov)
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an HDL associated enzyme that catalyzes a number of different reactions including the hydrolysis of the toxic oxon metabolites of the insecticides diazinon and chlorpyrifos. (cdc.gov)

1. Lipid profile (consisting of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations) measured at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks. (who.int)

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) frequently display an atherogenic lipid profile which has been linked with inflammation. (researchgate.net)

Prolonged storage at RT and delay testing/separation lead to hydrolysis of phosphate esters (eg, glucose phosphate, creatinine phosphate) and overestimation of phosphate concentration. (medscape.com)

This has been proposed by the ε subunit taking an extended conformation, with a terminal helix probing into the central architecture of the hexameric catalytic domain, preventing ATP hydrolysis. (tudelft.nl)

It may contain impurities consisting chiefly of carbohydrates and lipids along with smaller quantities of miscellaneous organic substances of biological origin. (europa.eu)

Hydrolysis of lanolin yields lanolin alcohols and lanolin acids. (wikipedia.org)
Following base hydrolysis, the samples were re-acidified and total fatty acids were hexane-extracted from the matrix along with internal standards. (cdc.gov)
Lipases convert lipids to long-chain fatty acids. (fao.org)
Implementing the biorefinery concept that includes co-production of different value-added products (polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, lignin and pigments) could improve the feasibility of lipid production bioprocess. (intechopen.com)

Hydration of the dry lipid film/cake is accomplished simply by adding an aqueous medium to the container of dry lipid and agitating. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The temperature of the hydrating medium should be above the gel-liquid crystal transition temperature (Tc or Tm) of the lipid with the highest Tc before adding to the dry lipid. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Spinning the round bottom flask in the warm water bath maintained at a temperature above the Tc of the lipid suspension allows the lipid to hydrate in its fluid phase with adequate agitation. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Being typically a minor component of the cell membrane, they are of utmost importance for biological functions that rely on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions (Schnaar and Kinoshita 2015 ). (springer.com)

Such an approach can enrich lipid-containing mixtures with respect to their concentration in the natural oil matrix, resulting in extracts or raffinates with potential value as nutraceutical ingredients or functional food additives. (aocs.org)

Human urine samples are processed by -glucuronidase hydrolysis (to release the mono phthalate ester) followed by solid-phase extraction. (cdc.gov)
With respect to lipid matter and food analysis, three main themes emerged: (i) application for total fat/oil content as a replacement for Soxhlet-based methods, (ii) extraction of trace analytes followed by fractionation of lipid-containing material, and later (iii) assays compatible with the demands of the US Nutritional Labeling and Education Act of 1990. (aocs.org)
Of note, with these extraction procedures, GSLs are categorized by their glycan structure, whereas the lipid tails are not determined (Fahy et al. (springer.com)

In 1990, we became interested in investigating the role of a phosphatase that dephosphorylates hormone-sensitive lipase, or HSL, and contributes to insulin actions that inhibit lipid breakdown in adipocytes. (asbmb.org)

Toward that end, production plants have evolved to concentrate lipids such as tocopherols, pigments, and sterols. (aocs.org)

I will be observing the changes in surface pressure of a number of different lipids, with varied parameters in terms of concentration and duration of exposure to ozone. (bbk.ac.uk)
Increased concentration of lipids and/or bilirubin (lipemic and icteric specimens) can interfere with accurate laboratory results. (medscape.com)

Based on the structure, we performed integrative analysis of the cellular trafficking, protein thermostability, ATP hydrolysis, and the transport activity of representative mutations. (elifesciences.org)
Mutations in this gene are associated with neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy. (antibodies-online.com)

Within the scope of the SFB1027 we aim to determine which intrinsic protein features and which lipid-mediated parameters define a hairpin topology that allows bilayer-to-monolayer membrane partitioning. (uni-saarland.de)

We recently discovered that lipid droplets share targeting machinery with peroxisomes for some of their membrane protein constituents (Schrul and Kopito, Nature Cell Biology 2016, doi: 10.1038/ncb3373). (uni-saarland.de)

Lipid droplets, or LDs, are key lipid storage structures in cells. (asbmb.org)
The pediatrics article Niemann-Pick Disease may be of interest, as may Lysosomal Storage Disease and Lipid Storage Diseases . (medscape.com)

2022 May 1, In: Journal of Lipid Research. (lu.se)

The lipid solution is transferred to containers and frozen by placing the containers on a block of dry ice or swirling the container in a dry ice-acetone or alcohol (ethanol or methanol) bath. (sigmaaldrich.com)
After freezing completely, the frozen lipid cake is placed on a vacuum pump and lyophilized until dry (1-3 days depending on volume). (sigmaaldrich.com)
The thickness of the lipid cake should be no more than the diameter of the container being used for lyophilization.Dry lipid films or cakes can be removed from the vacuum pump, the container close tightly and taped, and stored frozen until ready to hydrate. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Lipid Name indicates the carbon number in the long chain: number of double bonds in the carbon chain and the n- position of the bond closest to the terminal carbon (farthest from the carbonyl carbon). (cdc.gov)

Hydration time may differ slightly among lipid species and structure, however, a hydration time of 1 hour with vigorousshaking, mixing, or stirring is highly recommended. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Oxygenated C18:2 obtained after hydrolysis of PS was represented by four oxygenated molecular species and identified as 13-OOH-C18:2 and 9-OOH-C18:2 13,-8-di-OH-C18:2 and 9,-14-di-OH-C18:2. (cdc.gov)

This breakthrough may have scientific relevance, considering that pharmacological inhibitors of endocannabinoid hydrolysis (for instance, the FAAH inhibitor URB597) are being examined for healing potential in pet models of irritation and discomfort. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
It is interesting to examine the developmental eras of critical fluid-based technology ( Fig. 2 ) and their relevance to lipids processing. (aocs.org)

Three process configurations have been used in the lipid production including, separate hydrolysis and lipid production (SHLP), simultaneous saccharification and lipid production (SSLP) and consolidate bioprocessing (CBP). (intechopen.com)

We investigated whether infliximab, an anti-TNF-alpha therapy, may modify the lipid profile. (researchgate.net)
Lipid profile and CRP were assayed at baseline and before infusion at weeks 6 and 30. (researchgate.net)

Anatomy5

Organisms3

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs61

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science3

Health Care1

Metabolism12

Proteins13

Oxidation3

Metabolic4

Neutral lipids2

Enzymes7

Polar Lipids1

Membranes2

Mediators3

Triglycerides2

Lipoprotein2

Molecules4

Solvent7

Synthesis1

Serum lipid1

Blood lipid3

Peroxidation4

Vesicles6

Inositol2

Intracellular1

Droplet3

Hydroperoxides1

Microbial4

Deterioration3

Fatty acid1

Bile acid1

Feedstocks1

Degradation2

Hydrophobic1

Substrates3

Catalyzes3

Cholesterol1

Inflammation1

Phosphate1

Catalytic1

Carbohydrates1

Acids4

Aqueous1

Temperature2

Typically1

Mixtures1

Extraction3

Breakdown1

Pigments1

Concentration2

Mutations2

Parameters1

Peroxisomes1

Storage2

20221

Frozen3

Carbon1

Species2

Relevance2

Production1

Profile2