• Hepatic stellate cells (HSC), also known as perisinusoidal cells or Ito cells (earlier lipocytes or fat-storing cells), are pericytes found in the perisinusoidal space of the liver, also known as the space of Disse (a small area between the sinusoids and hepatocytes). (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, other liver cell types like hepatocytes and Kupffer cells did not show any significant changes in DNA methylation during culture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lastly, flow cytometry and image analysis on isolated primary wildtype mouse hepatocytes provided further support that polyploid cells can accumulate more lipid droplets than diploid hepatocytes. (bvsalud.org)
  • During general alcohol metabolism, hepatocytes generate mitochondria- and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) whose accumulation elicits activation of the hepatic anti-oxidant system, including glutathione (GSH). (e-cmh.org)
  • In response to the elevated glutamate in the liver, the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) is up-regulated in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) along with enhanced production of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, which in turn stimulates cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB 1 R) on neighboring hepatocytes to increase de novo lipogenesis. (e-cmh.org)
  • In this review, we briefly describe the underlying mechanisms of oxidative stress-mediated glutamate secretion and endocannabinoid production in alcoholic steatosis and suggest a novel metabolic synapse between hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and hepatocytes. (e-cmh.org)
  • We have developed an in vitro preclinical 3D NASH model by coculturing primary human hepatocytes, human stellate cells, liver endothelial cells and Kupffer cells embedded in a hydrogel of rat collagen on a 96-well plate. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Extracellular vesicles derived from healthful primary murine hepatocytes or AML12 (alpha mouse liver) cells induced the downregulation of Acta2, Ccn2, and Col1a1 expression in aHSCs in vitro [139]. (calcium-channel.com)
  • The exchange of huge amounts of molecules between hepatocytes and blood is facilitated by fenestration of the endothelial cells lining wide sinusoids, allowing plasma to enter the perisinusoidal space, also known as space of Disse. (helmberg.at)
  • More recent studies have also shown that in vivo activation of hepatic stellate cells by agents causing liver fibrosis can eventually lead to senescence in these cells, marked by increased SA-beta-galactosidase staining, as well as p53 accumulation and activation of Rb-hallmarks of cellular senescence. (wikipedia.org)
  • Liver-specific deletion of Pten in mice results in the hyper-activation PI3K/AKT signalling accompanied by enhanced genome duplication (polyploidization), marked lipid accumulation (steatosis) and formation of hepatocellular carcinomas. (bvsalud.org)
  • One such compound, LW1564, significantly suppressed HIF-1α accumulation and inhibited the growth of various cancer cell lines, including HepG2, A549, and HCT116. (biomed.news)
  • Liver sections with HE and Masson staining were observed to detect accumulation of collagen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vivo liver sections of Balb /C mice that were given an abdominal injection of 50 μg/ml MBP- Cs sPLA2 showed an obvious accumulation of collagen and a clear band of P-JNK1 could be seen by western blot of the liver tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Staining revealed a significant increase in the in fi ltration of in fl ammatory cells, accumulation of lipid droplets, and hepatocyte ballooning. (discovermednews.com)
  • Interestingly, although the increased expression of CYP2E1-mediated xCT and ROS generation are mainly observed at the perivenous area (zone 3), fat accumulation is mostly detected at hepatic zone 2. (e-cmh.org)
  • Hepatic zonal-dependent fat accumulation in the early stage of ALD. (e-cmh.org)
  • Among these, nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) refers to hepatic steatosis alone, which is very common 1 and driven by the accumulation of intracellular lipid droplets. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Additionally, MitoTEMPO reduced the frequency of CD11b + Gr-1 + MDSCs in peripheral circulation and decreased Gr-1 + cell accumulation in the livers. (hindawi.com)
  • Alzheimer's disease is one of the neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein deposits, which disrupt the signal transduction in neurons and other glia cells. (preprints.org)
  • Electric pulse stimulation inhibited lipid accumulation on C2C12 myotubes incubated with oleic acid and palmitic acid. (academic-accelerator.com)
  • Curcumin attenuates insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation in a rat model of intrauterine growth restriction through insulin signaling pathway and SREBPs. (academic-accelerator.com)
  • the effects of hypoxia and fibrosis may also play a role in obesity complications via notably ectopic-lipid accumulation in non-adipocyte cells. (springer.com)
  • Indeed, WAT remodeling eventually associated with a limited capacity to adequately expand might induce lipid spill over and this triglyceride accumulation in other depots such as liver or muscle. (springer.com)
  • However, lipid accumulation in non-specialized cells is deleterious and can contribute to cell death resulting in the development of pathology such as NASH (Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis) a liver injury associated with obesity [ 12 ]. (springer.com)
  • However, it is unknown whether polyploidization in this model has an impact on the development of steatosis and the progression towards liver cancer. (bvsalud.org)
  • As expected, Pten deletion caused severe steatosis and liver tumours accompanied by enhanced polyploidization. (bvsalud.org)
  • Additional deletion of E2f7/8 inhibited polyploidization, alleviated Pten-induced steatosis without affecting lipid species composition and accelerated liver tumour progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, we find no evidence that deregulated genes in Pten-deficient livers are direct transcriptional targets of E2F7/8, supporting that reduction in steatosis and progression towards liver cancer are likely consequences of inhibiting polyploidization. (bvsalud.org)
  • Collectively, we show that polyploidization promotes steatosis and function as an important barrier against liver tumour progression in Pten-deficient livers. (bvsalud.org)
  • The development of n on-alcoholic fatty liver disease ranges from simple steatosis to the advanced form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. (discovermednews.com)
  • A CL-HFS diet successfully induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in male mice with some features of the human disease, such as hepatic in fl ammation, steatosis, and fi brosis. (discovermednews.com)
  • Chronic alcohol consumption induces the development of alcoholic steatosis in the liver, which is one of the most widespread liver diseases worldwide. (e-cmh.org)
  • Chronic alcohol intake leads to a broad spectrum of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) such as simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, hepatitis, fibrosis/cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma [ 2 , 4 ]. (e-cmh.org)
  • Most individuals consuming over 40 g of alcohol per day are known to develop alcoholic steatosis, or alcoholic fatty liver, but only a subgroup of them progresses to more advanced ALD [ 3 ]. (e-cmh.org)
  • The cell model exhibited the key NASH disease phenotypes of hepatocyte injury, steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • The results showed that the hepatic steatosis in liver tissues of HFD mice injected with MitoTEMPO was significantly ameliorated. (hindawi.com)
  • Global transcriptomic analysis showed that inhibition of polyploidization in Pten-deficient livers resulted in reduced expression of genes involved in energy metabolism, including PPAR-gamma signalling. (bvsalud.org)
  • In TCM, the treatment of NAFLD mainly focused on the holism of hepatoprotection, which manifests as various forms and features in mechanism, including anti-oxidant stress, lipid metabolism modulation, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis and gut microbiota modulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken together, the results indicate that LW1564 inhibits the growth of cancer cells by targeting mitochondrial ETC complex I and impairing cancer cell metabolism. (biomed.news)
  • Mechanistically, this resistance requires sustained activation of mTORC1 and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)C1-dependent induction of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), a central transcription factor regulating lipid metabolism. (biomed.news)
  • It affects hepatic carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, as well as the balance between pro-in fl ammatory and anti-in fl ammatory effectors. (discovermednews.com)
  • In addition, we address different responses of alcohol metabolism that are specific to hepatic zones ( Fig. 1 ). (e-cmh.org)
  • ECM organization and retinol metabolism were partly restored to levels exhibited by qHSCs, and 70 of cells accumulated cytoplasmatic lipid droplets, underlining a switch in phenotype [129]. (calcium-channel.com)
  • RNA-sequence analysis revealed that curcumin intake affected hepatic lipid metabolism via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway, especially PPARα activation, resulting in increased Apoa2 mRNA expression. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our previous study found that the drug resistance of CRC cells may be closely linked to their fat metabolism. (qxmd.com)
  • Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is characterized by hepatocyte injury and ballooning, in fl ammation, and hepatic fi brosis. (discovermednews.com)
  • This results in cessation of liver function, hepatocyte necrosis and in most cases, death of the patient after 48 to 72 hours. (helmberg.at)
  • Hydrogen peroxide was used to induce an oxidative stress model of hepatocyte IAR-20 cells to evaluate the protective effects of BMMSCs in vitro. (medscimonit.com)
  • Activation of rat liver PPAR alpha has been shown to suppress hepatocyte apoptosis. (thermofisher.com)
  • The activated stellate cell is also responsible for secreting collagen scar tissue, which can lead to cirrhosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Liver fibrosis is a serious health concern which leads to liver diseases such as cirrhosis and primary liver cancer having a worldwide mortality of approximately 1.5 million deaths per year 23 . (nature.com)
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronic infection induces liver fibrosis and cirrhosis but is also responsible for a significant portion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurrence. (wjgnet.com)
  • Chronic infection with viral hepatitis affects half a billion individuals worldwide and can lead to cirrhosis, cancer, and liver failure. (wjgnet.com)
  • Adverse hepatic outcomes related to NASH may include cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • The pharmacological stimulation of nitric oxide production in rats with thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis restored the differentiated LSEC phenotype, which subsequently led towards the apoptosis and inactivation of aHSCs [133]. (calcium-channel.com)
  • Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are the major cells responsible for the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins during cirrhosis, are found in the space of Disse and act as a major storage site for vitamin A [ 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the liver of obesity, the resident immune cells such as macrophages (Kupffer cells) and dendritic cells produce proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ), and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) in response to hepatocellular damage [ 10 - 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Two additional cell types, both part of the innate immune system, are found within the sinusoids, in direct contact with the blood: a large number of macrophages, called Kupffer cells, and Pit cells, a type of natural killer (NK) cells. (helmberg.at)
  • and by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) secreted by Kupffer cells. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are liver-resident cells best known for their role in vitamin A storage under physiological conditions. (bvsalud.org)
  • Upon liver injury, HSCs activate into myofibroblast-like cells, a key process in the onset of liver fibrosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The presence of isomeric structures of BMP in HSCs was confirmed ex vivo in MS-imaging datasets of steatosed liver sections. (bvsalud.org)
  • Finally, treatment with pharmaceuticals targeting the lysosomal integrity led to cell death in primary HSCs but not in HeLa cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The JNK signalling pathway is involved in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cs sPLA2 of C. sinensis may lead to liver fibrosis and HSCs activation which is related to c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signalling pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When JNK signalling pathway is blocked by inhibitor SP600125, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation is inhibited, with less proliferation and reduced expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main purpose of this study was to explore the interactions between hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and E. multilocularis protoscoleces (PSCs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We investigated the role of Echinococcus multilocularis (Echinococcus genus) PSCs in hepatic fibrosis by examining structural changes and measuring hepatic fibrosis-related protein levels in cocultures of PSCs and human HSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hepatic parasitic fibrosis caused by E. multilocularis PSCs is a host response associated with immune cell infiltration which activates the differentiation of HSCs into fibroblasts [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Seipin plays a role in lipid droplet biogenesis and is thought to determine the site of lipid droplet biogenesis and the size of newly formed lipid droplets. (bvsalud.org)
  • Seipin does not determine the size or biogenesis site of lipid droplets composed of only retinyl esters or steryl esters. (rug.nl)
  • Likewise, extracellular vesicles from healthier human subjects decreased human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 activation [140]. (calcium-channel.com)
  • Echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of human hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (AE). (biomedcentral.com)
  • SCMECs: spinal cord microvascular endothelial cells. (bioz.com)
  • On the other hand, MFBs and endothelial cells also secrete nitric oxide (NO), which is the physiologic antagonist of ET-1. (clinicalgate.com)
  • Sirius red staining detected a signi fi cant increase in collagen production, forming pericellular and bridging hepatic fi brosis. (discovermednews.com)
  • The application of retinol and palmitate alone was also shown to induce HSC inactivation in vitro, as indicated by decreased SMA and collagen form I expression and an enhanced lipid droplet storage [130]. (calcium-channel.com)
  • Conversely, the co-culturing of aHSCs with differentiated LSECs resulted in HSC inactivation, as measured by a lowered expression of SMA and collagen sort I, too because the re-establishment of cytosolic fat droplets [29]. (calcium-channel.com)
  • Structural changes were detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and levels of the hepatic fibrosis-related proteins collagen I (Col-I), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and osteopontin (OPN) were measured by western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent evidence suggests a role as a liver-resident antigen-presenting cell, presenting lipid antigens to and stimulating proliferation of NKT cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The activated stellate cell is characterized by proliferation, contractility, and chemotaxis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In order to analyze the mechanism of DNA demethylation during HSC activation, the cell proliferation was examined by DNA synthesis determination via BrdU (5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine) assay and Ki67 Western blot analysis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Apart from indirect immune-modulatory and anti-angiogenic … mune-modulatory and anti-angiogenic effects, they have direct impact on cell proliferation. (lisym.org)
  • We also observed activation and upregulated phagocytosis in macrophages, as well as proliferation and extracellular matrix overproduction in hepatic stellate cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The increase in liver weights was due to activation of PPARα and peroxisome proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Curcumin, a natural polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa L), has proven to be a modulator of multiple intercellular signalling pathways linked to inflammation, to proliferation, growth, invasion, drug sensitivity, angiogenesis and metastasis of cancer cells. (researchgate.net)
  • Thus any modification of ECM components can be transmitted via integrins and impact on cell movement during development and proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis. (springer.com)
  • The activated HSC or hepatic myofibroblast (MFB) has multiple cell membrane receptors that can either upregulate proliferation (e.g. (clinicalgate.com)
  • The progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis can lead to subsequent cirrhotic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. (discovermednews.com)
  • Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality, of which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents 90% of all primary liver cancers. (wjgnet.com)
  • Initially quiescent HSC were activated in vitro by culturing the cells on a plastic surface in culture medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In silico and in vitro experiments reveal that retinyl esters have the intrinsic propensity to sequester and nucleate in lipid bilayers. (bvsalud.org)
  • To better understand nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) disease progression and to evaluate drug targets and compound activity, we undertook the development of an in vitro 3D model to mimic liver architecture and the NASH environment. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • This is a new in vitro model of NASH disease consisting of four human primary cell-types that exhibits most features of the disease. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • D to downregulate profibrotic genes (Pdgfrb, Acta2, and Col1a1) in vitro, and it was located to further reduce Acta2 and Col1a1 expression in mice with CCl4 or methionine/choline-deficient diet-induced liver fibrosis, accompanied by the regression of fibrosis and steatohepatitis [128]. (calcium-channel.com)
  • As for in vitro studies, GLY-based herbicides resulted in DNA damage and endocrine disruption in human cell lines-HepG2 and MDA-MB453-kb2-under sub-agriculture doses [ 19 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The function of global DNA demethylation in adult stem cells are currently unknown, but global DNA demethylation events are under investigation during zygote formation and primordial germ cell migration in early embryogenesis, where they are linked to cellular reprogramming and pluripotency [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • SIL-CE-ESI-MS enables the accurate monitoring of InsPs and PP-InsPs arising from compartmentalized cellular synthesis pathways, by feeding cells with either [13C6]-myo-inositol or [13C6]-D-glucose. (biomed.news)
  • Direct comparison of fatty acid ratios in single cellular lipid droplets as determined by comparative Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • The scientists concluded that these cellular and molecular fi ndings signi fi cantly advance the understanding of the diet/gut/liver/ immune axis in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. (discovermednews.com)
  • Raynor J, Liu C, Dhungana Y, Guy C, Chapman N, Shi H, Neale G, Sesaki H , Chi H. Hippo/Mst signaling coordinates cellular quiescence with terminal maturation in iNKT cell development and fate decisions. (jhmi.edu)
  • Curcumin supplementation for 12 weeks significantly increased AApoAII amyloid deposition relative to controls, especially in the liver and spleen. (elifesciences.org)
  • Liver weights and plasma ApoA-II and high-density lipoprotein concentrations were significantly elevated in curcumin-supplemented groups. (elifesciences.org)
  • Although curcumin has shown significant efficacy in cell culture studies, it has shown limited efficacy in clinical studies when administered in conventional oral formulations. (researchgate.net)
  • Pancreatic stellate cell Stellate cell List of human cell types derived from the germ layers List of distinct cell types in the adult human body Stanciu A, Cotutiu C, Amalinei C (2002). (wikipedia.org)
  • Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are resident cells of the pancreas, found in both the exocrine and endocrine parts of the gland. (pancreapedia.org)
  • An improved understanding of PSC biology and of the interactions of PSCs with other pancreatic cells provides a strong platform for the development of novel therapeutic approaches for notoriously hard to treat diseases of the pancreas such as chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are now considered to be the key contributors of pancreatic fibrosis (5, 11, 135). (pancreapedia.org)
  • The development of isolation and culture methods for PSCs in 1998 helped to unravel the mechanisms involved in the process of pancreatic fibrogenesis (5, 11) and also helped researchers to investigate the functions of these cells both in health and disease. (pancreapedia.org)
  • A ) Normal rat pancreatic stellate cells stained for cytoskeletal protein desmin. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Photomicrograph showing a normal rat pancreatic section immunostained for the stellate cell selective marker desmin (left) and a corresponding line diagram (right). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Dysregulated autophagy in pancreatic β cells due to hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation is associated with diabetes and accompanied by dysregulated autophagy in insulin target tissues and the progression of diabetic complications. (frontiersin.org)
  • The involvement of autophagy in the development of diabetes is corroborated by affecting the physiology and role of pancreatic β cells and the homeostasis of glucose. (frontiersin.org)
  • Production of retinyl esters in mammalian and yeast cells that do not normally produce retinyl esters causes the formation of lipid droplets, even in a yeast strain that produces only retinyl esters and no other neutral lipids. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we show a seipin-independent pathway of lipid droplet biogenesis. (bvsalud.org)
  • These findings indicate that the role of seipin in lipid droplet biogenesis depends on the type of neutral lipid stored in forming droplets. (rug.nl)
  • Furthermore, we used LION to perform pathway analysis to determine the significant metabolic conversions in lipid pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have been widely used in hepatic diseases for centuries in Asia, and TCM's holistic concept and differentiation treatment of NAFLD show their advantages in the treatment of this complex metabolic disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is defined as the fatty liver with metabolic dysfunction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have been widely used in hepatic diseases including NAFLD for centuries in Asia, and TCM's holistic concept and differentiation treatment of NAFLD show their advantages in the treatment of this complex metabolic disease [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hepatic stellate cells can be selectively stained with gold chloride, but their distinguishing feature in routine histological preparations is the presence of multiple lipid droplets in their cytoplasm. (wikipedia.org)
  • PSCs in their native state express abundant vitamin A (retinoids) containing droplets in their cytoplasm which is a characteristic feature of the "stellate cell system" in the body (138). (pancreapedia.org)
  • In early culture, PSCs are polygonal in shape with abundant lipid droplets in the cytoplasm ( Figure 1B ) and express stellate cell selective markers such as desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nestin, neural cell adhesion molecule, nerve growth factor, and synemin (34, 167). (pancreapedia.org)
  • B ) PSCs in an early culture showing a typical flattened polygonal shape with abundant vitamin A-containing lipid droplets in the cytoplasm. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Several anti-diabetic strategies including adiponectin, ezetimibe, liraglutide, taurine, adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and even exercise as well as natural products such GABA tea, geniposide, guava extract, vitamin D have been shown to target autophagy. (frontiersin.org)
  • The aim of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness of human adipose stem cell (h-ASC) infusion in rats with chronic liver damage. (bvsalud.org)
  • Obesity is defined as an expansion of white adipose (WAT) tissue that is associated with low grade inflammation which possibly contributes to the development of health complications such as diabetes, liver pathologies, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases as well as some cancers [ 2 - 4 ]. (springer.com)
  • The results of this study provide an experimental basis for further examination of the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis due to AE infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the parasite and humans and the pathogenesis of AE is necessary to develop treatments for echinococcosis-induced liver damage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Raman imaging of macrophages incubated with triglyceride-enriched oxLDL visualizes translocation of lipids between endocytic vesicles and lipid droplets. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • extracellular vesicles can alter the phenotype of their recipient cells and could prove a novel method to NASH remedy [137]. (calcium-channel.com)
  • Senescence of hepatic stellate cells could prevent progression of liver fibrosis, although this has not been implemented as a therapy, and would carry the risk of hepatic dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, repopulation with Blautia producta signi fi cantly promoted hepatic in fl ammation and fi brosis and further progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in CL-HFS-fed mice. (discovermednews.com)
  • Nevertheless, intervention of ALD at the earliest stage is very important since it is difficult to reverse the progression at the late stages of liver diseases, which include liver fibrosis and tumors. (e-cmh.org)
  • Thus, the local immunological milieu in tissue compartments forms the nature and magnitude of the host responses, i.e., frequencies of regulatory T cells (Tregs) vs. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells, amount of pro-inflammatory cytokines vs. anti-inflammatory cytokines, extent of neutrophilia and antigen-presenting-cell (APC) activation, among others. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cytoglobin expression has been shown to be a specific marker with which hepatic stellate cells can be distinguished from portal myofibroblasts in the damaged human liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • The expression of reelin is increased after liver injury. (wikipedia.org)
  • This activation of HSC is necessary to enable hepatic differentiation and is accompanied by changes in the expression of many genes such as extracellular matrix protein encoding genes [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hepatic IR significantly increased proinflammatory mRNA expression (ICAM-1, KC, MCP-1, and MIP-2) in all three organs compared to the sham-operated mice (Supporting Fig. 3A-C). However, neutralization of IL-17A, deficiency in IL-17A receptor or IL-17A significantly reduced proinflammatory mRNA expression in all three organs. (hormonessignaling.com)
  • Nevertheless, PPAR expression or lipid droplet uptake have been not restored, indicating that complete HSC in Nav1.8 Antagonist web activation was not achieved [128]. (calcium-channel.com)
  • The advent of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology made it possible to profile the gene expression at single-cell level in complex tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • BMMSCs also significantly improved the expression level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II in both DCD donor livers and ROS-induced injured IAR-20 cells, including upregulating the expression of ferritin. (medscimonit.com)
  • 05) expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and expressions for Ppara and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) in the liver of IUGR-C rats than the IUGR rats. (academic-accelerator.com)
  • By Western blot, this antibody detects an ~56 kDa protein representing PPAR gamma 2 from NIH-3T3 cell lysate. (thermofisher.com)
  • PPAR alpha is expressed mainly in skeletal muscle, heart, liver, and kidney and is thought to regulate many genes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. (thermofisher.com)
  • The aim of the present study is a comprehensive analysis of DNA methylation alterations during HSC activation at a global and gene-specific level to elucidate their impact on hepatic stellate cell activation and to identify basic mechanisms of epigenetic control in adult stem cells during differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The pathogenic mechanisms responsible for decreased insulin production and secretion are multiple, but usually they are related to destruction of islet cells, secondary to either immune destruction or severe pancreatitis (dogs) or amyloidosis (cats) . (merckvetmanual.com)
  • However, the speci fi c bacteria and metabolites that promote n on-alcoholic fatty liver disease , as well as the underlying mechanisms, are not understood. (discovermednews.com)
  • However, the role of MitoTEMPO on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its possible mechanisms are largely unknown. (hindawi.com)
  • The results of this study provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of AE-induced hepatic fibrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our study provides a comprehensive single-cell transcriptional picture of the toxic effect of GLY in the liver, which offers novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of the GLY-associated hepatotoxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • chemical gradients and dcEF can potentially co-exist and the two guiding mechanisms may direct cell migration in a coordinated manner. (atpase-signal.com)
  • 3 , 4 Moreover, NASH with advanced fibrosis has been linked to increased overall and liver-related mortality. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • 6 Weight loss induced by diet and exercise has also been shown to be effective in resolving NASH and improving hepatic fibrosis. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • This attribute makes it a key factor in the pathophysiology of the liver. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the pathophysiology of advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) and portal hypertension (PH). (mdpi.com)
  • Moreover, NAFLD induced by obesity closely associates with immune dysfunction in the liver [ 7 ] and reflects a generalized chronic proinflammatory state [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These lecture notes accompany my lectures on function and dysfunction of the liver in the study module 'Nutrition and Digestion' at Innsbruck Medical University. (helmberg.at)
  • In the following, individual liver functions will be discussed separately, making the different symptoms of liver dysfunction easily understandable. (helmberg.at)
  • AE can cause damage to several organs, primarily the liver, and have severe outcomes, such as hepatic failure and encephalopathy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the world's largest chronic liver disease, while there is still no specific drug to treat NAFLD. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an umbrella term that comprises a large spectrum of liver injuries, varying in severity but all leading to fibrosis. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common pandemic disease [ 1 ], which is affecting about 1/3 of the adult population in developed countries [ 2 , 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), immunofluorescent staining, and in vivo animal studies, we analyzed the liver tissues from untreated and GLY-treated mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • GLY induced varied cell composition, shared or cell-type-specific transcriptional alterations, and dysregulated cell-cell communication and thus exerted hepatotoxicity effects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite various documented roles of PGJ, there are no studies on antifibrotic potential in NDEA-induced mammalian liver fibrotic model. (nature.com)
  • The method is validated in wild-type and knockout mammalian cell lines and in model organisms. (biomed.news)
  • Each cell has several long protrusions that extend from the cell body and wrap around the sinusoids. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, it's necessary to express Cs sPLA2 in water-soluble form and determine whether the enzymatic activity of Cs sPLA2 or cell signalling pathways is involved in liver fibrosis caused by clonorchiasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This finding could provide a promising treatment strategy to interrupt the process of liver fibrosis caused by clonorchiasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • provide interesting new insights of immune cell migration in complex guiding environments. (atpase-signal.com)
  • Lipids play an important role during HSC activation. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the second activation stage, BMPs, hexosylceramides, and ether-linked phosphatidylcholines are elevated, resembling a lysosomal lipid storage disease profile. (bvsalud.org)
  • In cultured primary fibroblasts and cancer cells, the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin causes mtDNA damage and release, which leads to cGAS STING dependent ISG activation. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The goals of our research are to understand the molecular basis of mitochondria fusion using biochemical approaches and to determine the physiological roles of mitochondrial fusion using cell culture and animal models. (jhmi.edu)
  • In murine (rats, mice) liver, reelin expressed by Ito cells has been shown to be a reliable marker in discerning them from other myofibroblasts. (wikipedia.org)
  • HSC were isolated from adult male Wistar rats and enriched by density gradient centrifugation (8% Nycodenz) after enzymatic digestion of the liver. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hepatic fibrosis in rats was induced by the intra-peritoneal injection of NDEA (10 mlkg −1 b.wt. (nature.com)
  • Rats with thioacetamide- induced liver fibrosis were grouped into: group I control that did not receive thioacetamide and h-ASC, group II received thioacetamide and saline i.v., group III received thioacetamide and h-ASC 1 x 106/ kg i.v. via tail vein. (bvsalud.org)
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is rapidly becoming the leading cause of chronic liver disease, affecting 25% of the world's population. (discovermednews.com)
  • SUMMARY: In chronic liver disease, orthotopic transplantation is the only current therapeutic alternative but it is limited due to lack of donors. (bvsalud.org)
  • Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) have recently been identified as liver-resident mesenchymal stem cells and are thought to contribute to liver repair and fibrogenesis [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MitoTEMPO, a mitochondrial antioxidant, has protective effects on liver-related diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • Chronic relapsing pancreatitis with progressive loss of both exocrine and endocrine cells and their replacement by fibrous connective tissue results in diabetes mellitus. (merckvetmanual.com)
  • Exploitation of the hepatic stellate cell Raman signature for their detection in native tissue samples. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • In healthy liver tissue, extracellular matrix is very subtle to minimize diffusion distances. (helmberg.at)
  • In this study, we found that activating mutation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) or loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) function, highly frequent events in human cancer, confers ferroptosis resistance in cancer cells, and that inhibition of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling axis sensitizes cancer cells to ferroptosis induction. (biomed.news)
  • To improve the quality of liver grafts from extended-criteria donors donated after circulatory death (DCD), this study explored whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) combined with normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) have protective effects on DCD donor livers and the effects of ferroptosis in this procedure. (medscimonit.com)
  • We demonstrated that our method is applicable for the screening of chemical responsivity via a cell stimulation assay. (biomed.news)