OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaInformation Science
AcetamidesOxazolidinonesRNA, Ribosomal, 23SStaphylococcus hominisDrug Resistance, BacterialAnti-Bacterial AgentsStaphylococcus epidermidisEnterococcus faeciumMicrobial Sensitivity TestsStaphylococcal InfectionsGram-Positive Bacterial InfectionsAnti-Infective AgentsStaphylococcus aureusDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialMutationDrug ResistanceDrug Resistance, MicrobialVancomycinDrug Resistance, NeoplasmVancomycin ResistanceDrug Resistance, MultipleDisease ResistanceVascular ResistanceMethicillin ResistanceMethicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusGram-Positive BacteriaDrug Resistance, ViralVirginiamycinGram-Positive CocciDaptomycinTeicoplaninSerotonin SyndromeOxazolesEnterococcus faecalisEnterococcusPenicillin ResistanceRifampinTetracycline ResistanceAntitubercular AgentsTuberculosis, Multidrug-ResistantColony Count, MicrobialBacterial ProteinsPlant DiseasesMinocyclineSkin Diseases, BacterialDrug Resistance, FungalAirway ResistanceStaphylococcusSoft Tissue InfectionsMacrolidesMolecular Sequence DataEndocarditis, BacterialAza CompoundsDNA, BacterialDrug Therapy, Combinationbeta-Lactam ResistanceStreptococcus pneumoniaeResistance TrainingCross InfectionExtensively Drug-Resistant TuberculosisFluoroquinolonesSerum Bactericidal Test
VancomycinIsolatesStaphylococcusBedaquilineAntibioticsDaptomycinInfectionsBPaLWorks by suppressing bacteBacteriaAureusWorld Health OrganEnterococciAmikacinStrainsEnterococcusPrevalenceResistantZyvoxOxazolidinone classDrugsMechanismsPatientsTrimethoprimEmergence of antimicrobial resistance2019SensitivityConferMutationsGenesSusceptibilityAntimicrobial resistance worldwideCiprofloxacinDoseBacterial protein synthesisAntimicrobialsMRSATedizolidToxicityPatternsInfectionFluoroquinolonesMethicillin resistance
Vancomycin10
  • We screened the Nebraska Transposon Mutant Library of 1920 single-gene inactivations in S. aureus strain JE2, for increased susceptibility to the anti-staphylococcal antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin, oxacillin, linezolid, fosfomycin, daptomycin, mupirocin, vancomycin, and gentamicin). (frontiersin.org)
  • Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease, including streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). (wikipedia.org)
  • A large meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found linezolid to be more effective than glycopeptide antibiotics (such as vancomycin and teicoplanin) and beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by Gram-positive bacteria, and smaller studies appear to confirm its superiority over teicoplanin in the treatment of all serious Gram-positive infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the treatment of diabetic foot infections, linezolid appears to be cheaper and more effective than vancomycin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Prior use of vancomycin will induce resistance to subsequent administration of daptomycin. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to infection control measures, an antibiotic stewardship intervention was started in May 2019, focusing on linezolid restriction and promoting vancomycin, wherever needed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While vancomycin has remained the drug of choice for infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), linezolid has gained importance as an alternative, especially in MRSA pneumonia, but also in infections caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treatment is usually with penicillinase-resistant beta-lactams, but because antibiotic resistance is common, vancomycin or other newer antibiotics may be required. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Although a few cases of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have been reported, with the emergence of resistance to vancomycin in enterococcus and the emergence of methicillin-resistant staphylococci with reduced sensitivity to vancomycin, the treatment problems of these bacteria have increased [12-14]. (jpmed.ir)
  • You may be stuck with an intravenously-administered antibiotic including Vancomycin, Linezolid depending on abnormal test results but please don't panic yet. (dane101.com)
Isolates13
  • To describe the epidemiological, phenotypical and genetic characteristics of clinical isolates carrying the optrA gene identified in antimicrobial resistance surveillance by the laboratory of the National Institute of Health of Colombia. (paho.org)
  • All the isolates analyzed by whole genome sequencing showed the resistance genes fexA, ermB , lsaA , tet(M) , tet(L) and dfrG in addition to optrA and were negative for other mechanisms of resistance to linezolid. (paho.org)
  • Linezolid-resistant isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Linezolid-resistant isolates from the 2nd month of therapy revealed mutations in several efflux pump/transporter genes and a LuxR-family transcriptional regulator. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of death related to antimicrobial resistance worldwide because of the spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis multi- and extensively drug resistant (multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR), respectively) clinical isolates. (frontiersin.org)
  • Linezolid resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates at a tertiary care centre in Mumbai, India. (applied-maths.com)
  • Eighteen isolates exhibited macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance (MLSB): 6 were MLSBi and 12 were MLSBc. (who.int)
  • Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (35%) were the most prevalent microbial isolates and showed high resistance rates towards penicillin, ampicillin, and cefixime, followed by Klebsiella spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, about half of Staphylococcus aureus strains were MRSA isolates and reported low rates of resistance to glycylcycline and linezolid. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Meropenem resistance was observed in 8% of K.pneumoniae isolates worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
  • From Dusk to Dawn: Understanding the Impact of Ertapenem Resistance Mechanisms on the In Vitro Potency of Other Drugs Among Enterobacter cloacae Complex Isolates. (medscape.com)
  • This study surveyed the occurrence, antibiotic-resistance profile and putative resistant genetic elements of staphylococci isolates from apparently healthy farm animals Methodology: Nasal and rectal samples were collected from a total of 400 cows and pigs in Benin City between May and December 2017. (bvsalud.org)
  • Antibiotic resistance profile showed 120 (86.3%) isolates to be resistant to penicillin G, 100 (71.9%) to nalidixic acid and 99 (71.2%) to minocycline. (bvsalud.org)
Staphylococcus4
Bedaquiline10
  • In August 2019, FDA approved the use of pretomanid 200mg in combination with bedaquiline and linezolid (BPaL) in adults with pulmonary extensively drug resistant (XDR), treatment-intolerant, or nonresponsive multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) [5 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC recommends the use of pretomanid 200mg daily for 26 weeks in the treatment of adults with pulmonary MDR TB (resistant to isoniazid and rifampin) additionally resistant to at least one fluoroquinolone or injectable medication (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin) or with treatment-intolerant/nonresponsive MDR TB, when administered in combination with bedaquiline and linezolid as the BPaL regimen. (cdc.gov)
  • On August 14, 2019, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved use of pretomanid with bedaquiline and linezolid (BPaL) as a treatment regimen for pulmonary MDR TB additionally resistant to at least one fluoroquinolone or injectable medication and for pulmonary MDR TB that is treatment-intolerant/nonresponsive (TI/NR MDR TB). (cdc.gov)
  • In February, CDC released "Provisional CDC Guidance for the Use of Pretomanid as part of a Regimen [Bedaquiline, Pretomanid, and Linezolid (BPaL)] to Treat Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Disease" and interim guidance for a 4-month treatment regimen to treat drug-susceptible TB disease in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • The all-oral BPaLM/BPaL regimen consists of 6 months of bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid and moxifloxacin, with the option of dropping moxifloxacin for infections involving fluoroquinolone resistance. (umn.edu)
  • The six-month regimen either uses BPaLM (a combination of oral medicines bedaquiline, pretomanid, linezolid and moxifloxacin) or BPaL (a combination oral bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid). (medicalxpress.com)
  • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Pretomanid Tablets in combination with bedaquiline and linezolid for the treatment of a specific type of highly treatment-resistant tuberculosis (TB) of the lungs. (worldpharmanews.com)
  • Pretomanid in combination with bedaquiline and linezolid is approved for treating a limited and specific population of adult patients with extensively drug resistant, treatment-intolerant or nonresponsive multidrug resistant pulmonary TB. (worldpharmanews.com)
  • The safety and effectiveness of Pretomanid, taken orally in combination with bedaquiline and linezolid, was primarily demonstrated in a study of 109 patients with extensively drug-resistant, treatment‑intolerant or non-responsive multidrug-resistant pulmonary TB (of the lungs). (worldpharmanews.com)
  • Pretomanid used in combination with bedaquiline and linezolid should not be used in patients with hypersensitivity to bedaquiline or linezolid. (worldpharmanews.com)
Antibiotics24
  • Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although many antibiotics work this way, the exact mechanism of action of linezolid appears to be unique in that it blocks the initiation of protein production, rather than one of the later steps. (wikipedia.org)
  • A 2008 meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials, however, found that linezolid treatment failed as often as other antibiotics, regardless of whether patients had osteomyelitis. (wikipedia.org)
  • No significant difference appears in treatment success rates between linezolid, glycopeptides, or appropriate beta-lactam antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Linezolid belongs to the family of medications called antibiotics . (medbroadcast.com)
  • According to the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the ability of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites to block the effectiveness of antimicrobial medicines, which include antibiotics, antivirals and antimalarials. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Resistance to carbapenem antibiotics was detected at very low levels in poultry and in chicken meat in two EU member states. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Treatment of clinically relevant S . epidermidis infections frequently requires the use of glycopeptides, oxazolidinones or lipopeptide antibiotics, as resistance to beta-lactams is widespread among S . epidermidis strains [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study aimed to identify the bacterial pathogens present in infected wounds and characterise their resistance profile to the most common antibiotics used in therapy. (scienceopen.com)
  • To combat drug resistance, regulators worldwide have been for years discouraging doctors from overprescribing antibiotics and other antimicrobial medications. (vin.com)
  • Linezolid is an antibiotic belonging to the oxazolidinone class, used to treat serious bacterial infections , including those caused by Gram-positive bacteria resistant to other antibiotics . (pharmacologymentor.com)
  • This action is unique to oxazolidinones, making linezolid effective against bacteria resistant to other antibiotics. (pharmacologymentor.com)
  • The resistance of MRSA to beta-lactam antibiotics is due to the presence of the mecA gene sequence. (medscape.com)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium responsible for severe infections in which resistance to most of the approved families of antibiotics is increasing. (rsc.org)
  • Linezolid is the first antibacterial drug in a new class of human-made antibiotics called oxazolidinones. (adam.com)
  • By repurposing a cytochrome P450 metalloenzyme, featuring a first-row transition- metal cofactor with redox properties, the chemoenzymatic synthesis of difluorinated bioisostere of oxazolidinone antibiotics can be controlled to aid in the antibiotic resistance crisis. (ucsb.edu)
  • The threat of antimicrobial-resistant infections is a key challenge we face as a public health agency," said FDA Principal Deputy Commissioner Amy Abernethy, M.D., Ph.D. "The bacterium that causes tuberculosis can develop resistance to the antibiotics used to treat it. (worldpharmanews.com)
  • Two or more antibiotics are always given to reduce the chances of bacterial resistance. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The high resistance pattern -especially in secondary microbial infections in COVID-19 patients- to most antibiotics used is a matter of great concern, portends an inevitable catastrophe, and requires continuous monitoring to avoid the evolution of new generations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The excessive use of antibiotics or antifungals, empirical treatment without antimicrobial susceptibility testing and self-treatment lead to mutation and increased drug resistance [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prescribing antibiotics is the first way to treat the disease due to the important role of bacteria in causing nosocomial infections but the challenge in the treatment of these infections is the occurrence of antibiotic resistance [11]. (jpmed.ir)
  • Timely recognition and diagnosis of antibiotic resistance, proper use of antibiotics to reduce the creation of drug resistance is one of the most important principles in any hospital which the results are effective in reducing patients' long -term hospitalization and reducing mortality and heavy economic costs for patients. (jpmed.ir)
  • Since the use of antibiotics in various infections has increased, examining antibiotic resistance is a research priority in each region. (jpmed.ir)
  • METHOD The information required for each patient (based on the Clinical Guidebook of nosocomial Infection in Iran) in the information form including: age, gender, hospitalization department, performing invasive procedures (endotracheal intubation, cathetering, venous catheter, arterial catheter) culture samples, sensitivity and resistance to antibiotics, type of antibiotic, type of infection and type of bacteria were recorded. (jpmed.ir)
Daptomycin3
  • The author would advocate use of linezolid or daptomycin instead. (medscape.com)
  • For these reasons, linezolid or daptomycin are preferred. (medscape.com)
  • The average consumption of linezolid and daptomycin decreased from 7.5 DDD/100 PD and 12.3 DDD/100 PD per month in the pre-intervention period to 2.5 DDD/100 PD and 5.7 DDD/100 PD per month in the post-intervention period (p = 0.0022 and 0.0205), respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Infections13
  • The emergence of antimicrobial resistance severely threatens our ability to treat bacterial infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • In both the popular press and the scientific literature, linezolid has been called a "reserve antibiotic"-one that should be used sparingly so that it will remain effective as a drug of last resort against potentially intractable infections. (wikipedia.org)
  • The manufacturer advises against the use of linezolid for community-acquired pneumonia or uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by MRSA. (wikipedia.org)
  • The new report from EFSA and ECDC focuses on zoonotic resistance, which involves infections and diseases that can be transmitted from animals to people or, more specifically, a disease that normally exists in animals but that can infect humans. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • One out of four infections in humans are caused by Salmonella bacteria that show resistance to three or more antimicrobial medications commonly used in human and animal medicine. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • Linezolid is one of the last-resort antimicrobials for the treatment of infections caused by highly resistant MRSA. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • The oxazolidinone antibiotic linezolid acts as an inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis, and was approved for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive organisms in 2000 [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusions: Reduced disease severity of superficial infections due to both E. coli and S. aureus and resistance-driven prolonged stays in hospital were confirmed, while other outcome parameters were comparable. (scienceopen.com)
  • That's why, among our other efforts to address antimicrobial resistance, we're focused on facilitating the development of safe and effective new treatments to give patients more options to fight life-threatening infections. (worldpharmanews.com)
  • Identification of the pathogens responsible for different microbial infections and antimicrobial resistance patterns are important to help clinicians to choose the correct empirical drugs and provide optimal patient care. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed, glycylcycline, linezolid, and nystatin were considered the drugs of choice for the treatment of MDR infections. (biomedcentral.com)
  • AIM(s) In this study, frequency and risk factors and antibiotic resistance of nosocomial infections caused by gram positive bacteria were investigated during 6 years in Mustafa Khomeini Hospital in Iran RESEARCH TYPE The present study is a retrospective cross -sectional and descriptive analytical study. (jpmed.ir)
  • Methods: A quasi-experimental study was designed and carried out before and after implementation of a stewardship programme in hospitalized patients with Gram-positive infections treated with linezolid. (uco.es)
BPaL2
  • The CDC recommendation for initial linezolid dose within BPaL regimen changed from 1200 mg to 600 mg, based on results of the ZeNix trial. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC recommends an initial linezolid dose of 600 mg when using the BPaL regimen in the treatment of adults. (cdc.gov)
Works by suppressing bacte1
  • As a protein synthesis inhibitor, linezolid works by suppressing bacterial protein production. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria12
  • While acquired resistance has received considerable attention, relatively little is known of intrinsic resistance that allows bacteria to naturally withstand antimicrobials. (frontiersin.org)
  • Besides the ability of bacteria to acquire antimicrobial resistance via horizontal gene transfer or spontaneous mutations, they can also be intrinsically resistant to antimicrobials ( Cox and Wright, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Bacteria from humans and animals continue to show resistance to antimicrobials, which is one of the world's biggest threats to public health and often involves the food chain according to a new report from two European public health agencies. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • We are concerned to see that Salmonella and Campylobacter bacteria in humans show high levels of antimicrobial resistance," Catchpole said. (foodsafetynews.com)
  • The organisms of the resident flora contribute to resistance against colonization with pathogenic bacteria by hydrolyzing lipids and producing free fatty acids, which are toxic to many bacteria. (scielo.br)
  • Of particular concern to the researchers was the level of resistance they found to linezolid, which is categorized by the World Health Organization as critically important in human medicine because it is usually effective against drug-resistant bacteria. (vin.com)
  • Impact of zinc supplementation on phenotypic antimicrobial resistance of fecal commensal bacteria from pre-weaned dairy calves. (cdc.gov)
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of dietary zinc supplementation in pre-weaned dairy calves on the phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of fecal commensal bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • 1997). Therefore, knowledge of the current drug resistance pattern of the common, local blood pathogenic bacteria in particular region is useful in clinical practice. (scialert.net)
  • Therefore, attempt was made to isolate and identify the common bacteria from blood culture and their antibiotic resistance pattern. (scialert.net)
  • Antibiotic resistance Bacteria are microscopic, single-celled organisms. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in some Egyptian hospitals was high among Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria, and candida spp. (biomedcentral.com)
Aureus3
  • Our results demonstrate that many gene products contribute to the intrinsic antimicrobial resistance of S. aureus . (frontiersin.org)
  • The hospital stay of patients with E. coli was increased due to third-generation cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin resistance, and in the case of patients with S. aureus due to tetracycline and fusidic acid resistance. (scienceopen.com)
  • Coagulase-positive S. aureus is among the most ubiquitous and dangerous human pathogens, for both its virulence and its ability to develop antibiotic resistance. (merckmanuals.com)
World Health Organ3
  • The World Health Organization classifies linezolid as critically important for human medicine. (wikipedia.org)
  • According to the World Health Organization (WHO) report, in 2018, tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis , was one of the major causes of death related to antimicrobial resistance ( World Health Organization [WHO], 2019a ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The Quadripartite , a group made up of experts from the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the UN Environment Program, and the World Organization for Animal Health, launched a new platform to tackle the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threat to human and animal health and ecosystems called the Antimicrobial Resistance Multi-Stakeholder Partnership Platform . (umn.edu)
Enterococci1
  • We describe enterococci in raw-frozen dog food commercialized in Europe as a source of genes encoding resistance to the antibiotic drug linezolid and of strains and plasmids enriched in antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes in hospitalized patients. (escmid.org)
Amikacin1
  • During 2014-2018, 524 new cases of MDR TB were reported in the United States and U.S.-affiliated areas (territories and freely associated states), including 443 with resistance to isoniazid and rifampin alone, 72 with additional resistance to a fluoroquinolone or an injectable (assessed as amikacin, kanamycin, capreomycin), and 9 with additional resistance to both a fluoroquinolone and an injectable (CDC, unpublished data, 2021). (cdc.gov)
Strains3
  • However, the challenge of a successful TB treatment remains daunting owing to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB - that is, resistance to at least both isoniazid and rifampicin - and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) TB, in which MDR strains develop resistance to any fluoroquinolone and at least one of the three second-line injectable drugs. (nature.com)
  • [ 25 ] The CA-MRSA strains have SCCmec type IV gene ( SCCmecIV ), a small gene which codes for fewer resistance elements and thus retains susceptibility to macrolides, quinolones, tetracyclines, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and lincosamides. (medscape.com)
  • PCR reactions were based on a personal emergence of methicillin resistance in Samples were collected from 569 communication with N. Williams from different strains with varying degrees HCWs (215 doctors and 354 nurses) the University of Liverpool. (who.int)
Enterococcus1
Prevalence2
Resistant8
  • Patients 4 and 5 were hospitalized in Medicine II a month before linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis was isolated. (cdc.gov)
  • Patient 3 received linezolid for 11 d before linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis was detected. (cdc.gov)
  • resistant to linezolid were received. (paho.org)
  • HFS-TB units were treated with several doses to mimic human-like linezolid intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and repetitively sampled for drug concentration, total bacterial burden, linezolid-resistant subpopulations, and RNA sequencing over 2 months. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The expression of genes encoding efflux pumps in the first 1 to 2 weeks revealed the same exposure-response patterns as the linezolid-resistant subpopulation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In total, 343 MDR-TB patients had linezolid DST performed, and 23 (6.7%) had linezolid-resistant MDR-TB. (hopkinscidi.org)
  • Risk factors for infection with multidrug-resistant pathogens include antibiotic therapy within the preceding 90 days, a high incidence of antibiotic resistance in the community or facility, chronic hemodialysis, and immunosuppression. (aafp.org)
  • Multidrug-resistant TB and extensively drug-resistant TB are difficult to treat due to resistance to available therapies. (worldpharmanews.com)
Zyvox1
  • Exchanging the oxygen atom from an oxazolidinone, such as linezolid (Zyvox TM ), to a CF 2 unit enhances desired biological and physical properties without making significant changes to the chemical structure. (ucsb.edu)
Oxazolidinone class1
  • Linezolid is a member of the oxazolidinone class of medications. (wikipedia.org)
Drugs6
  • Some authors have recommended that combinations of cheaper or more cost-effective drugs (such as co-trimoxazole with rifampicin or clindamycin) be tried before linezolid in the treatment of SSTIs when susceptibility of the causative organism allows it. (wikipedia.org)
  • Antimicrobial resistance, or AMR, occurs when pathogenic microbes evolve to evade drugs meant to kill them, a process that can be hastened by overuse of the drugs. (vin.com)
  • Linezolid is a weak inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, and its use with other serotonergic drugs can lead to serotonin syndrome. (pharmacologymentor.com)
  • The authors noted that antimicrobial resistance, driven by inappropriate use of antimicrobial drugs, is a public health threat. (umn.edu)
  • The exact drugs and length of treatment depend on your age, overall health, possible drug resistance, the form of TB and the infection's location in the body. (rxwiki.com)
  • showed high resistance rates between 77 and 100% to azole drugs and terbinafine, while no resistance rate towards nystatin was reported. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanisms4
  • The resistance mechanisms listed were identified by analysis of whole genome sequence using the ResFinder database (last updated June 2, 2016 and accessed on October 25, 2016). (cdc.gov)
  • These examples of resistance emphasize the urgent need to discover and develop novel molecules with unique mechanisms of action (MoAs) for the treatment of MDR-TB and XDR-TB. (nature.com)
  • Therefore, there is a critical need to expand our understanding of the interaction between the microorganism and xenobiotics and various mechanisms of resistance presented by Mtb , identify new anti-TB chemical matter, expand our knowledge of microorganism and host interaction, and establish molecular targets for host-directed therapy. (nature.com)
  • Unfortunately, BDQ quickly acquired two main mechanisms of resistance, consisting in mutations in either atpE gene, encoding the target, or in Rv0678 , coding for the repressor of the MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux pump. (frontiersin.org)
Patients5
  • Linezolid has an excellent sterilizing effect in tuberculosis patients but high adverse event rates. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Finally, we also constructed a data sheet including the mutations associated with BDQ resistance that could be useful for the early detection of BDQ-resistance in MDR/XDR patients with the purpose of a better management of antibiotic resistance in clinical settings. (frontiersin.org)
  • There is no associated nephrotoxicity related to the use of linezolid, making it a favoured antibiotic especially in critically ill patients with impaired renal function. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients on linezolid, especially those on prolonged therapy, should be monitored for signs of myelosuppression, neuropathy, and lactic acidosis. (pharmacologymentor.com)
  • It reduces drug resistance because of the short period of the treatment, and patients prefer it to the other regimens because recovery is faster. (medicalxpress.com)
Trimethoprim1
  • Additionally, 100% sensitivity was found against Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and Linezolid. (banglajol.info)
Emergence of antimicrobial resistance1
  • 2000). The emergence of antimicrobial resistance globally has not been uniform for all agents and pathogens, or along the same lines. (scialert.net)
20191
  • During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, changes in hospital infection prevention and control and antibiotic stewardship strategies have had implications for nosocomial infection rates and antimicrobial resistance [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Sensitivity1
  • Antimicrobial identification and sensitivity were determined using Vitek 2 and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to linezolid was established with E-test. (paho.org)
Confer2
  • Gene products that confer intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial agents may be explored for alternative antimicrobial therapies, by potentiating the efficacy of existing antimicrobials. (frontiersin.org)
  • Hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) typically contains SCCmec genes type II ( SCCmecII ) and III ( SCCmecIII ), which are larger genes and confer multidrug resistance. (medscape.com)
Mutations4
  • This analysis does not include mutations that may result in antibiotic resistance or resistance determinants added to newer versions of the ResFinder database or other antimicrobial resistance gene databases. (cdc.gov)
  • BDQ resistance is especially associated with mutations in atpE and Rv0678 genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The most common mutations linked to low-level of BDQ resistance are present in Rv0678 gene coding for the M. tuberculosis repressor of MmpS5-MmpL5 efflux system. (frontiersin.org)
  • Resistance to linezolid can develop through mutations in the 23S rRNA or through the acquisition of cfr gene, which encodes a methyltransferase that modifies the ribosome. (pharmacologymentor.com)
Genes1
  • Besides conferring methicillin resistance, the SCCmecIV genes also code for the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) virulence factor. (medscape.com)
Susceptibility2
  • Linezolid is associated with improved MDR-TB treatment outcomes but causes significant side-effects and drug susceptibility testing (DST) is rarely available. (hopkinscidi.org)
  • Reporting of susceptibility testing results is a key reference to choose the correct antimicrobial and avoiding the emergence of new antimicrobial resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Antimicrobial resistance worldwide1
  • The Tigecycline Evaluation and Surveillance Trial (T.E.S.T.), which was initiated in 2004, is a global surveillance study focused on monitoring antimicrobial resistance worldwide. (biomedcentral.com)
Ciprofloxacin1
  • For the first time, ESBL-producing Salmonella Kentucky with high resistance to ciprofloxacin has been detected in four countries, according to the report. (foodsafetynews.com)
Dose3
  • The recommended dose of linezolid depends on the type of infection being treated. (medbroadcast.com)
  • We performed linezolid dose-effect and dose-scheduling studies in the hollow fiber system model of tuberculosis (HFS-TB) for sterilizing effect. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The linezolid dose of 300 mg/day performed well and should be compared to 600 mg/day or 1,200 mg every other day in clinical trials. (elsevierpure.com)
Bacterial protein synthesis1
Antimicrobials2
  • Intrinsic resistance to antimicrobials has traditionally been attributed to reduced permeability of the cell envelope, presence of inactivating enzymes or efflux pumps that can extrude the antimicrobial agents ( Cox and Wright, 2013 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Combined clinical resistance to critically important antimicrobials was observed at low to very low levels, ranging from 0.2 percent to 1 percent, in Salmonella, Campylobacter and E. coli in poultry. (foodsafetynews.com)
MRSA1
  • Clinical guidelines for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia developed by the American Thoracic Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America recommend that linezolid be reserved for cases in which MRSA has been confirmed as the causative organism, or when MRSA infection is suspected based on the clinical presentation. (wikipedia.org)
Tedizolid1
  • Approval for tedizolid was based on 2 clinical trials that included more than 1300 participants and showed it to be equivalent to linezolid. (medscape.com)
Toxicity1
  • To maximize treatment benefits while minimizing toxicity, DST remains an important tool to identify linezolid resistance. (hopkinscidi.org)
Patterns2
  • Pathogens and antibiotic resistance patterns vary significantly among institutions and can vary within institutions over short periods (eg, month to month). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Antibiotic resistance pattern may vary locally and regionally, patterns can change rapidly and they need to be monitored closely because of their implications for public health and as an indicator of appropriate or inappropriate antibiotic usage by physicians in that area (Lalitha et al . (scialert.net)
Infection4
  • Concerns about drug resistance add to broader infection risks associated with raw foods. (vin.com)
  • An advocate of minimally processed food says producers can mitigate infection and drug-resistance risks by applying good manufacturing, hygiene and screening practices. (vin.com)
  • Illness is associated with bacteraemia ranges from self-limiting infection to life threatening sepsis that requires rapid and aggressive antimicrobial treatment, which is complicated by increasing worldwide antibiotic resistance (Reacher et al . (scialert.net)
  • People with active tuberculosis must take several types of medications for many months to eradicate the infection and prevent development of antibiotic resistance. (rxwiki.com)
Fluoroquinolones1
  • DST associated linezolid resistance with resistance to fluoroquinolones (OR:1.08, 95% CI:1.01-1.14), injectables (OR:1.09, 95% CI:1.03-1.15), ethionamide (OR:1.09, 95% CI:1.03-1.15), and PAS (OR:1.13, 95% CI:1.06-1.21). (hopkinscidi.org)
Methicillin resistance1
  • Methicillin resistance was detected using both disc diffusion assay and gene specific polymerase chain reaction. (banglajol.info)