Lineages cellular differentiation of embryonic. Medical search. Frequent questions

if human embryonic, only NIH approved human embryonic stem cell lines may be used) as a source for making pancreatic islets, and to determine the basic mechanisms underlying beta cell regeneration in the adult as a basis for producing new cellular therapies for diabetes. (nih.gov)
We have made significant progress during the previous granting period which has resulted in a publication in Genome Research detailing genomic DNA methylation changes in a variety of human embryonic stem cells and their derivatives. (ca.gov)
We have identified a new motif, termed SMAD Complex Associated (SCA) that is bound by SMAD2/3/4 and FOXH1 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and derived endoderm. (ca.gov)
To elucidate the Nodal transcriptional network that governs endoderm formation, we used ChIP-seq to identify genomic targets for SMAD2/3, SMAD3, SMAD4, FOXH1 and the active and repressive chromatin marks, H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and derived endoderm. (ca.gov)
Stem cells, and in particular human embryonic stem (ES) cells, have earned a reputation for being labour intensive and difficult to grow and control in culture. (ddw-online.com)
2005). Notch1 and syndecan-1 potent human embryonic stem (ES) cells. (lu.se)
Immunohisto- have been used for positive selection of NSCs from em- chemistry on human embryonic central nervous system bryonic mice (Nagato et al. (lu.se)
We provide detailed protocols for lentiviral transduction, neural differentiation, and subsequent analysis of human embryonic stem cells. (lu.se)
Given this, human pluripotent stem cells, such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripo- tent stem cells (hiPSCs), have become a unique cell source for study- ing early human brain development. (lu.se)

Similarly, GATA-1 has been shown to induce lineage switching expression values even if, for simplicity, we assume only ``on'' of committed cells in hematopoiesis, first in cell lines (Kulessa and ``off'' states for each gene. (lu.se)
Our research group successfully constructed cancer stem cell-like cells named Piwil2-iCSCs by reprogramming human preputial fibroblasts (FBs) with the PIWIL2 gene in the early stage, and Piwil2-iCSCs were confirmed to induce the formation of embryonic tumors. (bvsalud.org)
Treatment of these aggregates with retinoic acid (RA) was previously shown to induce endodermal differentiation We exposed RA_EBs to secondary treatment with agents associated with pancreatic endocrine differentiation, e g Activin A (AA), Sodium Butyrate (SB) and Betacellulin (BTC), with the aim of developing a novel protocol for the regulated derivation of insulin-expressing cell types. (dcu.ie)
Chromatin and Transcriptional Signatures for Nodal Signaling During Endoderm Formation in hESCs The first stages of embryonic differentiation are driven by signaling pathways hardwired to induce particular fates. (ca.gov)
JNK can change the mRNA level of osteocalcin , so the activation of JNK can induce osteoblast differentiation. (cusabio.com)
Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
In order to be effective and integrated to the receiving area, the bone graft is required to allow a strong cell adhesion, interacting with several molecules to induce migration, differentiation, and thus the mineralization of the new bone on the graft. (bvsalud.org)
Notwithstanding, to achieve the effectiveness and integration of the grafted tissue to the receptor site, it is necessary a strong cell adhesion, so that it demands many molecules interaction to induce cell differentiation and the bone matrix mineralization formed onto the graft. (bvsalud.org)

Rossant's lab is based in Toronto, Canada, at the SickKids, and focuses on stem cell and embryonic research. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic Research Rossant's research in cell reprogramming has built a foundation for proteomic stem cell resources, and given researchers new methods to understand the mechanisms that regulate cell fate specification. (wikipedia.org)
This research identified cell surface markers to monitor cellular differentiation of embryonic (ES), epiblast (EpiSC), trophoblast (TS), and extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) stem cell lineages. (wikipedia.org)
Her work led to the ability to isolate permanent trophoblast stem cell lineages using fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) in contact with mouse blastocysts or early postimplantation trophoblasts. (wikipedia.org)
Stem and progenitor cell populations are often heterogeneous, which may reflect stem cell subsets that express subtly different properties, including different propensities for lineage selection upon differentiation, yet remain able to interconvert. (lu.se)
We discuss these properties with examples both from the hematopoietic and embryonic stem cell (ESC) systems. (lu.se)
The nature of the stem cell substates and their relationship to commitment to differ- entiate and lineage selection can be elucidated in terms of a landscape picture in which stable states can be defined mathematically as attractors. (lu.se)
These stem cell reporter lines are being used to understand how beta- or other pancreatic endocrine cell lineage form and how these lineage decisions can be influenced. (helmholtz-munich.de)
Our goal is to improve beta cell differentiation and function, provide platforms for disease modeling and drug screening and, as ultimate goal, help to overcome remaining hurdles for stem cell-derived beta cell replacement therapies in diabetic patients. (helmholtz-munich.de)
Therefore, gene activity is an important mechanism in embryonic development and adult stem cell differentiation. (edu.au)
We are currently investigating the function of chromatin modifiers during embryonic development, in adult stem cell populations and in cancer, and modelling chromatin-based intellectual disability to discover ameliorating treatments. (edu.au)
This review details what is currently known about nuclear effectors of stem cell differentiation and describes emerging techniques in the discovery of nuclear proteomics that will illuminate new transcription factors and modulators of gene expression. (psu.edu)
CSCs take charge of a cancer hierarchy, harboring stem cell-like properties involving self-renewal and aberrant differentiation potential. (bmbreports.org)
It is only through understanding embryonic metabolism and development that we can derive and maintain different in vitro stem cell states for disease modeling and therapies. (conditionmed.org)
Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Leukaemic Stem Cell environmental stress responses (In vitro biomimicry of hypoxia, normoxia, hypothermia, hyperthermia, hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia): Effect on cellular growth, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and cellular metabolism. (imperial.ac.uk)
He, then, has translated some of this knowledge in the stem cell research field contributing to develop protocols and methods for generating sub-type specific telencephalic neurons through in vitro differentiation of embryonic and neural stem cells. (michaeljfox.org)
One approach is to derive PSCs through culturing various embryonic adult or malignant cells with stem cell properties (Sidebar 1 and Figure 1). (hiv-proteases.com)
During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
Our modeling results quantitatively show a dual role of Nanog during stem cell differentiation and reprogramming, and the importance of the intermediate state during cell state transitions. (biomedcentral.com)
In terms of the gene regulatory network defining cellular potency, Nanog has direct mutual interactions with two other core stem cell specific genes Oct4 and Sox2. (biomedcentral.com)
These results suggest the co-existence of two cellular "sub-states" within the pluripotent stem cell state: high-Nanog sub-state and low-Nanog sub-state, rather than one well-defined, homogenous pluripotent cellular state. (biomedcentral.com)
One hypothesis based on these results is: During the stem cell differentiation process, the low-Nanog state of stem cell functions as the "gate-keeper" state. (biomedcentral.com)

A key challenge is to understand how state, but must also afford flexibility in cell-fate choice to permit the different cell-fate options confronting stem and progenitor cell-type diversification and differentiation in response to cells are selected and coordinated such that adoption of a given intrinsic cues or extrinsic signals. (lu.se)
The developmental strategies used by progenitor cells to allow a safe journey from their induction place towards the site of terminal differentiation are still poorly understood. (elifesciences.org)
Here, we uncovered a mechanism of progenitor cell allocation that stems from an incomplete process of epithelial delamination that allows progenitors to coordinate their movement with adjacent extra-embryonic tissues. (elifesciences.org)
These early progenitor cells often travel long distances from their induction site to the site of terminal differentiation, making them vulnerable to environmental cues and movement of neighbouring tissues. (elifesciences.org)
Several embryonic tissues and organs originate from small sets of progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
Despite the importance of the developmental pathways followed by these small groups of progenitor cells and their impact on the physiology of the organism, we still know little about the set of developmental strategies that progenitor cells deploy in vivo to overcome the challenges imposed by the environment as they travel to the site of terminal differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
Regular neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are functionally described by self-renewal and differentiation into relevant lineages7. (biopaqc.com)
Progenitor cells are similar to embryonic stem cells in their capacity to differentiate into various cell types. (ddw-online.com)
suggesting that progenitor cells in the embryonic and adult brain may share similar molecular phenotypes. (jneurosci.org)
For many years the musculature of vertebrates was known to derive from the somites, but the exact developmental lineage of axial and limb muscle progenitor cells remained a mystery until Nicole Le Douarin and Charles P. (asu.edu)

Together, this comprehensive delineation of mammalian cell differentiation trajectories in vivo represents a baseline for understanding the effects of gene mutations during development, as well as a roadmap for the optimization of in vitro differentiation protocols for regenerative medicine. (nih.gov)
The basis of in vitro differentiations are cellular and molecular processes occurring during early embryonic development. (helmholtz-munich.de)
Indeed, an important area of investigation involves directed differentiation to influence the lineage commitment of these pluripotent cells in vitro. (psu.edu)
This discovery allows for the straightforward production of a homogenous source of human functional dopaminegic neurons amenable for a cellular replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease and its in vitro modeling. (michaeljfox.org)
The need to control differentiation of embryonic stem cells in vitro presents another set of challenges. (ddw-online.com)
Unlike embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells (MSCs) have a limited lifespan and stop proliferating during in vitro culture due to replicative senescence [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

Microarray analyses detected a suite of master developmental regulators that control differentiation and maintenance of diverse cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
In some cases, "master" genes have been described which control differentiation versus self-renewal. (justia.com)

Recent studies suggest that the molecular machinery of nutrient sensation instructs the behavior of stem cells particularly embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells21. (biopaqc.com)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Regenerative Medicine: The field whose goal is to harness the concepts of developmental biology for dedifferentiation of adult tissues and allow reactivation of embryonic programs for the recreation of lost structures. (mhmedical.com)
The use of olfactory progenitors as a cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) would allow harvest without invasive surgery, provide an autologous cell population, eliminate need for immunosuppression and avoid the ethical concerns associated with embryonic tissues. (scirp.org)
During embryo development, naïve cell lineages undergo concurrent processes of fate specification and morphogenesis as critical steps towards the generation of differentiated tissues and organs. (elifesciences.org)
The fertilized oocyte is totipotent, with resultant blastomeres capable of generating all three primary germ layers, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, in addition to the extra embryonic tissues. (conditionmed.org)
Likely other tissues, many events occur when a given biomaterial is in contact with the biological bone environment, with molecular and cellular interactions influencing on the tissue features surrounding the biomaterial. (bvsalud.org)

We construct a molecular map of cellular differentiation from pluripotency towards all major embryonic lineages, and explore the complex events involved in the convergence of visceral and primitive streak-derived endoderm. (nih.gov)
Cellular reprogramming to iPSCs has uncovered unsuspected links between tumor suppressors and pluripotency factors. (oncotarget.com)
We find that fNPCs become progressively stiffer en route to pluripotency, and that this stiffening is mirrored by iPSCs becoming more compliant during differentiation towards the neural lineage. (lih.lu)
To establish protocols for the safe and efficient differentiation of healthy cells for therapies, we must develop a better understanding of the dynamic continuum of metabolic states that span pluripotency and differentiation, and how to influence them. (conditionmed.org)

Multiple mutations affecting embryonic development have been induced by chemical and insertional mutagenesis resulting in the identification of genes with important roles in development in Drosophila [ 23 - 25 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

As such, the Department's research programs extend beyond traditional areas of animal science and include investigation into the molecular, cellular and biochemical basis of animal reproduction and development. (umd.edu)
The primary thrust of the Genetics and Cell Biology Group is to illuminate the molecular and cellular basis of complex biological systems using a multi-organismal and multi-faceted approach. (umd.edu)
Toward a goal of developing endodermal lineages from hESCs, including liver, pancreas, lung and intestine, we have developed new tools and approaches to identify these subtypes as well as a molecular understanding of how these subtypes emerge. (ca.gov)
Overall Project Objective: The experimental study and further mathematical modeling of the microbial heat resistance, as a result of exposure to acids, (extra)cellular metabolites, molecular chaperones and immobilization (in a solid model system). (imperial.ac.uk)
Vania Broccoli, PhD, is a developmental neurobiologist who has been investigating some crucial molecular mechanisms shaping brain development and neuronal differentiation. (michaeljfox.org)
Cellular senescence is a complex process, and its molecular mechanisms are unknown. (hindawi.com)
Currently, little is known about molecular mechanisms that regulate proliferation and differentiation in the SGZ. (jneurosci.org)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
In addition to their histologic characteristics, germ cell tumors retain molecular characteristics of their primordial lineage. (medscape.com)
To this end, molecular and cellular interactions may influence the tissue reactions to biomaterials. (bvsalud.org)

In neonatal murine cochlear organoids and explants, Lin28B antagonizes the activity of let7 miRNA and increases Akt-mTORC1 signaling to promote hair cell regeneration from immature supporting cells by inducing their de-differentiation and proliferation as well as by directly converting them into hair cells [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
This loss in the glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) phenotype correlates with changes in morphology, increased proliferation and increased alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, suggesting that the loss of GSIS may be due to de-differentiation of the high passage MIN6 cells. (dcu.ie)
Scaffolds play an important role in tissue engineering as a substrate that can mimic the native extracellular matrix and the properties of scaffolds have been shown to affect the cell behavior such as the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. (wjgnet.com)
MAPK can cause the activation of transcription factors in the nucleus, participate in the process of signal transmission from the cell surface to the nucleus, and regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. (cusabio.com)
This pathway can also affect the proliferation and differentiation of red blood cells. (cusabio.com)
Studies have shown that ERK signaling pathway is also involved in signal transduction of osteoblast differentiation and proliferation. (cusabio.com)
BTICs talk about these features but are recognized by their regularity proliferation aberrant appearance of differentiation markers chromosomal abnormalities and tumor development. (biopaqc.com)
In addition, their osteogenic differentiation potential was increased, and genes involved in cell adhesion, FGF-2 signalling, cell cycle, stemness, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation were upregulated, compared to that of the MSCs cultured on uncoated plates. (hindawi.com)

The Abu-Remaileh Lab is interested in identifying novel pathways that enable cellular and organismal adaptation to metabolic stress and changes in environmental conditions. (stanford.edu)
In this review, we focus on the impact of ncRNA post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, especially those of microRNAs and lncRNAs, in RA signalling pathways during differentiation and disease. (mdpi.com)
It was proposed by Conrad Hal Waddington to illustrate the various developmental pathways a cell might take toward differentiation. (asu.edu)

ES cells give rise to cell lineages from the three primordial germ layers - endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. (psu.edu)
The remaining delaminated cells follow the movement of apically attached progenitors by a protrusion-dependent cell-cell contact mechanism, avoiding sequestration by the adjacent endoderm, ensuring their collective fate and allocation at the site of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)
This five-day course will focus on deriving, maintaining and characterizing pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and their differentiation to endoderm and lung progeny. (bu.edu)

This requirement strongly limits the number of solutions or entiation and lineage-specification, programmed cell death, and ``states'' for the system. (lu.se)
Today, it is generally thought that the combination of determinants deposited by the mother during oogenesis and the inductive signals between different cells trigger the specification of different cell lineages during development of the embryo [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In our group we focus on a better understanding, how these processes lead to lineage specification, growth control and maturation of pancreatic endocrine lineages in the mouse. (helmholtz-munich.de)
Our study reveals especially the transition between hepatic specification and hepatic maturation as dependent on mitochondrial respiration and demonstrates that even though differentiating cells are primarily dependent on glycolysis until induction of hepatocyte maturation, oxidative phosphorylation is essential at all stages of differentiation. (ku.dk)
Very few studies have addressed the functional roles of the bimodal heterogeneity of Nanog expression in the differentiation and specification process of stem cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The murine embryonic stem (ES) cell line, ES-D3 was used in this project as a model for (a) investigating controversial aspects of current protocols used for the derivation of (3 cell types from ES cells and (b) investigating the potential to regulate the differentiation of ES cells into endodermal derivatives 1 e 0-1 ike cells, using extra-cellular factors previously associated with various aspects of pancreatic development. (dcu.ie)
Two of these papers redefine endodermal subtypes derived from hESCs, including new methods to isolate lineage restricted endodermal populations and a means to distinguish between single endodermal cells. (ca.gov)
Small class size will enable researchers to learn the process of reprogramming from somatic cell preparations, including iPS cell identification, isolation and characterization, and current approaches in directed differentiation to endodermal and lung lineages. (bu.edu)

Murine embryonic fibroblast cell lines differentiate into three Mesenchymal lineages to different extents - new models to investigate differentiation processes. (biofabrication.info)

Across the animal kingdom, gastrulation represents a key developmental event during which embryonic pluripotent cells diversify into lineage-specific precursors that will generate the adult organism. (nih.gov)
Initial hypotheses in the late 1800s advocated that cellular differentiation happens through permanent deficits of hereditary info.10 However German embryologists Hans Dreisch and Hans Spemann found that separation of the early blastomeres of recently fertilized animal eggs generates two fully-formed animals.11 These "twinning" experiments challenged the hypothesis that cells permanently shed developmental potential as they become more differentiated. (cancerrealitycheck.com)

These trophoblast lineages are crucial for the survival of the mammalian embryo in utero. (wikipedia.org)
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent, thus possessing the capability of developing into any organ, cell type or tissue type. (justia.com)

Specifically, she uses cellular and genetic manipulation techniques to study how genes control both normal and abnormal development of early mouse embryos. (wikipedia.org)
Her research includes using genetic manipulation, live imaging, proteomics and single cell expression analysis to study fundamental lineage development. (wikipedia.org)
Evidence the fate of stem cells has broad ramifications for biomedical suggests that during development or differentiation, cells make science from elucidating the causes of cancer to the use of very precise transitions between apparently stable ``network stem cells in regenerative medicine. (lu.se)
Regulation of gene expression plays a central role in embryonic development. (biomedcentral.com)
Chimerism or Mosaicism: During development, the emergence of genetic mutations in an otherwise normal animal which create distinct lineages of mutant cells or clones. (mhmedical.com)
Blaschko Lines: The migration pattern of skin cells during embryonic development can be visualized in adults if that individual is a chimera and a distinct clone has a clinical abnormality such that it is visible in the background of other skin cells. (mhmedical.com)
During embryonic development, the unique cellular phenotypes of the adult are established. (edu.au)
Transcription factors (nurr1, pitx3 and lmx1a) that promote embryonic mouse or chicken dopaminergic development were employed to determine if they would modulate lineage restriction of these adult human progenitors. (scirp.org)
Thus, we reveal that incomplete delamination serves as a cellular platform for coordinated tissue movements during development. (elifesciences.org)
Here, we examine this question during the early stages of morphogenesis of the embryonic laterality organ, the first organ to form during vertebrate development, using the zebrafish as a model organism. (elifesciences.org)
All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the most active metabolite of vitamin A. Several studies have described a pivotal role for RA signalling in different biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation, embryonic development and organogenesis. (mdpi.com)
One remarkable example of embryonic development is the transformation from a single fertilized egg into a complex organism. (fnps-society.org)
The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
From embryonic development to tissue regeneration and disease progression, the human body is continuously subject to mechanical stresses. (5dok.org)
The epigenetic landscape is a concept representing embryonic development. (asu.edu)
Many existing protocols for neuronal differentiation of human pluripotent cells result in heterogeneous cell populations and unsynchronized differentiation, necessitating the development of methods for labeling specific cell populations. (lu.se)

Maternal to zygotic transition (MZT) is the key event during embryogenesis marked by the switch of control from the maternal and possibly paternal transcripts to the newly synthesized embryonic gene products [ 9 - 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Various strategies involving timely growth factor supplementation, cell co-cultures, and gene transfection are used to drive lineage specific emergence. (psu.edu)
The underlying goal is to control directly the center of gene expression and cellular programming - the nucleus. (psu.edu)
Among them, Runx2 is a key target gene affecting osteogenic activity, and Cbfa1 regulates the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts at the transcriptional level. (cusabio.com)
Heterogeneous gene expressions of cells are widely observed in self-renewing pluripotent stem cells, suggesting possible coexistence of multiple cellular states with distinct characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)

proven to recruit the histone methyltransferase G9a towards the promoter of knockout mice shows that Blimp1 can be a crucial determinant from the germ cell lineage (7, 8), which is important for constant repression of homeobox genes that normally accompany standards of primordial germ cells (PGCs) (7). (immune-source.com)
Transcriptional activity is regulated by DNA binding transcription factors, but these typically act in more than one cell lineage activating different subsets of target genes in each. (edu.au)
The epigenetic landscape integrates the connected concepts of competence, induction, and regulative abilities of the genes into a single model designed to explain cellular differentiation, a long standing problem in embryology. (asu.edu)

In addition, the ERK5/BMK1 pathway, an atypical MAPK pathway, is involved in the regulation of adipocyte differentiation and fat metabolism. (cusabio.com)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is definitely mutated in the majority of low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas leading to formation of an oncometabolite causing SGX-523 cellular dedifferentiation14 15 However most glioblastomas communicate crazy type SGX-523 IDH114 suggesting potential alternative rules of metabolism. (biopaqc.com)
As mitochondria represent the central metabolic organelle mitochondria offer a potential link between cellular rate of metabolism and differentiation state. (biopaqc.com)

p38 pathway plays a very important role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (cusabio.com)
Inhibition of the p38 MARK pathway down-regulates the activity of protein kinase C ( PKC ), which plays an important role in osteogenic differentiation of cells. (cusabio.com)

The latter process is often displayed by Conrad Waddington's description of an epigenetic panorama of differentiation. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
A stochastic epigenetic switch controls the dynamics of T-cell lineage commitment. (crossref.org)
Here we summarize (+)-Corynoline the genetic epigenetic and cellular events during reprogramming and the roles of various factors identified thus far in the reprogramming process. (hiv-proteases.com)
Among them embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are the classic example of a PSC 1-3 and they remain the gold standard to which newly derived PSC lines are typically compared molecularly through expression and epigenetic profiling and functionally by assessing their differentiation potential and (Table 1). (hiv-proteases.com)
Embryonic germ cells (EGCs) and germ line stem cells (GSCs): derived respectively from mouse primordial germ cells (Figure 1 (+)-Corynoline (d)) or germ line stem cells (GSCs) from neonatal and adult testis (Figure 1 (+)-Corynoline (e)) they resemble ESCs but retain some epigenetic features of their cell of origin. (hiv-proteases.com)

2008). Historically, this concept is highlighted by the experi- factors are key intrinsic regulators of these fate decisions and mental phenomenon of lineage reprogramming, for example, that fate choice involves modulating networks of transcription by the conversion of fibroblasts to muscles cells following trans- factors. (lu.se)
First using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) then using human induced pluripotent stem (iPSCs) cells Dr. Burtscher and his team generated numerous fluorescent reporter lines. (helmholtz-munich.de)
This iPSC line upon pancreatic b-cell differentiation serves for an easy readout, allowing us to determine Alpha and Beta cell fates in live cells at earliest time points during differentiation, sort these populations and analyse their fate, plasticity and the use drugs to influence this fate decisions. (helmholtz-munich.de)
In the cochlea of mouse embryos, it is highly expressed in prosensory cells and down-regulated at the onset of hair cell differentiation. (encyclopedia.pub)
Thus, Lin28B functions in hair cell regeneration through mitotic and non-mitotic mechanisms, which are dependent on mitotic division or trans-differentiation of supporting cells into hair cells, respectively. (encyclopedia.pub)
The least-differentiated cells are the totipotent embryonic stem cells which can develop into any cell in the body. (mhmedical.com)
the discipline of cell lineage reprogramming is in its infancy and further research will become needed to improve the efficiency of the reprogramming course of action and the fidelity of the reprogrammed cells to their in vivo counterpart. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Cellular differentiation and lineage programming The generation of therapeutically important cells like cardiomyocytes using readily available cell types remains a considerable challenge for biologists. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC) can either self-renew or differentiate in what was long thought to be a unidirectional manner towards increasingly specialized cell types of the three embryonic germ layers. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
As a result researchers became more interested in the mechanisms that result in changes that distinguish cells of one lineage from another even as they share the same genome. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Applying 2-stage regulated differentiation protocols developedduring the course of the study, we demonstrated the derivation of an intermediate multi-potential population (RAJEBs) from undifferentiated ES cells that preferentially gave rise to pancreatic endocrine insulin-expressing cell types in the presence of SB and neuronal-like cell types in the presence of AA or BTC. (dcu.ie)
Here we show the bioenergetics profile of human stem cells of embryonic origin differentiating along the hepatic lineage. (ku.dk)
Transcription factor expression and the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were detected in the transfected cells after 4 month-selection with G418, indicating transfected hONPs were stably restricted towards a dopaminergic lineage. (scirp.org)
Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Tian L, Shamirzaei-Jeshvaghani E, Dehghani L, Ramakrishna S. Structural properties of scaffolds: Crucial parameters towards stem cells differentiation. (wjgnet.com)
Nuclear proteomics can inventory these nuclear proteins in differentiating cells and decipher their dynamics during cellular phenotypic commitment. (psu.edu)
For example, humans are derived from fertilized eggs, and this process involves the differentiation of embryonic stem cells. (cusabio.com)
Abnormal differentiation of cells can lead to cancerous cells. (cusabio.com)
The ERK-MAPK signaling pathway plays a role in the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes [1] [2] . (cusabio.com)
The p38 signaling pathway regulates the differentiation direction of stem cells, which may be related to the regulation of the stability of p53 protein [3] [4] . (cusabio.com)
Cellular reprogramming is a dedifferentiation process during which cells continuously undergo phenotypical remodeling. (lih.lu)
However, the use of bFGF for human ES cell culture, particularly at the high levels used by some for 'feeder-free' culture, must be considered carefully, as bFGF may drive ES cells towards differentiation. (ddw-online.com)
Identifying the right cocktail of media conditions, supplements and growth factors that successfully drive stem cells toward a desired lineage on a reproducible basis is a time-consuming, iterative exercise. (ddw-online.com)
The differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into multiple cell lineages can be exploited as an attractive strategy for cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Cellular senescence refers to active cells that eventually enter a state of irreversible growth arrest. (hindawi.com)
The ECM provides structural and biochemical support to the cells and has various other functions including cell adhesion, cell to cell communication, and differentiation [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Introduction Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can self-renew indefinitely in culture while maintaining the potential to differentiate into all cell lineages of an adult organism. (hiv-proteases.com)
Aside from the promise of using hPSC-derived cells for cell replacement therapies there (+)-Corynoline is great potential of using hPSCs for modeling lineage decisions during differentiation and studying disease-relevant phenotypes that ENG are manifested at the cellular level. (hiv-proteases.com)
Notably, the Tbr2+ IPCs formed cellular clusters, the average size of which (Tbr2+ cells per cluster) likewise more than doubled in runners. (jneurosci.org)
The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
However, current protocols for deriving neurons from human pluripotent stem cells give rise to heterogeneous cell populations both in regard to the temporal aspects and the cellular composition. (lu.se)

This study suggests that specific transcription factors and treatment with morphogens can restrict human adult olfactory-derived progenitors to a dopaminergic neuronal lineage. (scirp.org)
Remarkably, the same TF cascade was found to be linked to stages of neuronal lineage progression in adult SGZ. (jneurosci.org)

Lately, his group employed lineage-specific transcription factors for reprogramming cellular identity and generating therapeutic relevant neuronal subtypes from conversion of skin fibroblasts. (michaeljfox.org)

Deciphering the underlying mechanism of pancreatic endocrine lineage decisions between Alpha and Beta cell fate. (helmholtz-munich.de)
The resulting differentiated populations were analysed for transcript expression of a range of multi-lineage markers i e neuronal, myogenic, exocrine and endocrine pancreas, extra-embryonic and apoptotic markers. (dcu.ie)

When faced with these environmental hazards, progenitors may deviate from their correct pathway or change their potential, leading to a reduction in the pool of progenitors available for later stages of differentiation. (elifesciences.org)

These results suggest that Tbr2+ IPCs play a major role in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and that a similar transcriptional program controls neurogenesis in adult SGZ as in embryonic cerebral cortex. (jneurosci.org)

The stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4) is com- isolate the NSCs from neonatal mice and rats (Campos monly used as a cell surface marker to identify the pluri- et al. (lu.se)

These technologies possess arisen in light of a series of fundamental questions scientists have asked in the last century regarding the processes and the mechanisms of cellular differentiation. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Faculty in our genetics and cell biology group investigate the genetic basis for animal growth, disease resistance, and nutrient efficiency, and the mechanisms underlying nutrient uptake, cellular differentiation, and lipid secretion. (umd.edu)
The mechanisms underlying the cellular senescence of MSCs are still poorly understood. (hindawi.com)
Though the elements regulating cellular states have been identified, the underlying dynamic mechanisms and the significance of such cellular heterogeneity remain elusive. (biomedcentral.com)

The JNK signaling pathway can affect a variety of life processes such as cell growth, cell differentiation, and cell death. (cusabio.com)

abstract = "During the past decade, regenerative medicine has been the subject of intense interest due, in large part, to our growing knowledge of embryonic stem (ES) cell biology. (psu.edu)

Their cell lineage-specific effects are governed by chromatin structure. (edu.au)

Temporal multimodal single-cell profiling of native hematopoiesis illuminates altered differentiation trajectories with age. (lu.se)

Transcripts found in unfertilized oocytes also encoded a large number of proteins implicated in cell adherence, tight junction and focal adhesion, suggesting high complexity in terms of structure and cellular interactions in embryos prior to midblastula transition (MBT). (biomedcentral.com)
The members of the retinoblastoma family of pocket proteins, pRb, p107 and p130, are negative regulators of the cell cycle with tumor suppressor activity and with roles in differentiation. (oncotarget.com)
Taken together, E proteins are novel Nodal signaling cofactors that associate with SMAD2/3 and FOXH1 and are necessary for mesendoderm differentiation. (ca.gov)
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) phosphorylated DRP1 to improve its activity in BTICs whereas Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent proteins kinase 2 (CAMK2) inhibited DRP1 in non-BTICs recommending tumor cell differentiation induces a regulatory change in mitochondrial morphology. (biopaqc.com)
Therefore, the expression of embryonic proteins, such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and bhCG, are indicative of malignant germ cell elements. (medscape.com)

In zebrafish, Blimp1 promotes differentiation from the embryonic sluggish muscle tissue lineage (9) and specifies neural crest and sensory neuron progenitors (10). (immune-source.com)

By developing novel tools and harnessing the power of metabolomics, proteomics and functional genomics, our lab will define 1) how the lysosome communicates with other cellular compartments to fulfill the metabolic demands of the cell under various metabolic states, 2) and how its dysfunction leads to rare and common human diseases. (stanford.edu)

Embryonal tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) include a heterogeneous group of immature-appearing neoplasms that are highly cellular and mitotically active, thus having a superficial resemblance to the developing nervous system. (medscape.com)

Our approach offers a general method for analyzing key regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and reprogramming. (biomedcentral.com)

Prolonged expression of Lin28B delays prosensory cell cycle exit and prevents hair cell differentiation, suggesting that it functions to increase hair cell production [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
In the early stage of adipocyte differentiation, ERK1/2 promotes adipocyte differentiation by promoting the expression of C/EBPα and PPARγ. (cusabio.com)

This study optimized conditions for the differentiation of hONPs towards dopaminergic neurons. (scirp.org)

Anatomy56

Organisms9

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs78

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes74

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Health Care1

Human embryonic9

Induce9

Stem cell22

Progenitor10

Vitro6

Control differentiation2

Hematopoietic1

Tissues6

Pluripotency4

Affecting embryonic development1

Molecular11

Proliferation8

Pathways3

Endoderm3

Specification5

Endodermal3

Murine1

Developmental2

Embryo2

Development16

Gene5

Genes3

Metabolism3

Osteogenic differentiation2

Epigenetic5

Cells36

Neuronal lineage2

Transcription factors1

Endocrine2

Stages1

Transcriptional1

Isolate1

Mechanisms4

Processes1

Abstract1

Chromatin1

Trajectories1

Proteins5

Zebrafish1

Proteomics1

Tumors1

Reprogramming1

Expression2

Neurons1