Lineages cell proliferation and differentiation during embryos. Medical search. Frequent questions

In this review, we focus on the impact of ncRNA post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, especially those of microRNAs and lncRNAs, in RA signalling pathways during differentiation and disease. (mdpi.com)
Enriched expression of genes in LRECb was associated with stem cell attributes and identified WNT, TGF-β, and MAPK pathways of self renewal and proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
Understanding the regulation of the pathways that lead to proliferation and differentiation of white and brown pre-adipocytes could be crucial for revealing the underlying mechanisms of obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
The highly conserved segmental organisation of the vertebrate hindbrain plays an important role in pattering the pathways of neural crest cell migration and in generating the distinct or separate streams of crest cells that form unique structures in each arch. (silverchair.com)
A surprising recent discovery has been that mammary epithelial cells commit to differentiated lineages using the same signalling pathways that regulate lineage determination in T helper cells. (biologists.com)
Likewise, strategies for the containment of cancer might be based on promoting normal pathways of cell loss, the basal mode for handling excess cells. (iospress.com)
Using mouse models, pluripotent stem cells, as well as primary human trophoblast cultures and placental explants and tissues, we are exploring the role of several transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in trophoblast differentiation and placental development. (ucsd.edu)
We are now exploring the mechanisms through which hypoxia, and other related signaling pathways, induce both differentiation and maturation of EVT. (ucsd.edu)
To demonstrate the power of this technology, we will generate a molecular disease fingerprint allowing differentiation between three clinically indistinguishable yet biochemically distinct disease pathways underlying the deadly brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme. (nih.gov)

We show that the conditional depletion of the m 6 A reader protein Ythdf2 in mice causes lethality at late embryonic developmental stages, with embryos characterized by compromised neural development. (biomedcentral.com)
Our study shows a developmental stage specific regulation of synemin isoforms in ES cells and its neural derivatives. (biomedcentral.com)
By watching the gene appearance information of cells over the developmental period course because they migrate in the dermomyotome into forelimb, we are able to recognize the molecular players coincident with muscles stages because they are produced and preserved in coordination with various other cell lineages in the developing limb framework. (physiciansontherise.org)
Developmental tumor suppressor mechanisms and regulation of the switch from proliferation to differentiation. (stanford.edu)
Developmental regulation of cell cycle progression during male meiosis. (stanford.edu)
Control of cell division and expansion is crucial for developmental patterning and is likely to be mediated by factors operating at different organisational levels ( Irish and Jenik,2001 ). (silverchair.com)
When nonhuman mammalian development is compared with human development, the study subjects must be compared at the same developmental stage (fetal, perinatal, postnatal) When collected appropriately, data from experimental studies of nonhuman mammalian embryos elucidate important aspects of human facial development. (medscape.com)

Furthermore, several reviews claim that Blimp1 might regulate varied cellular processes including cell survival or growth. (immune-source.com)
Furthermore, several reports claim that Blimp1 might regulate different cellular procedures including cell development or success. (immune-source.com)
The transcription factor Sox2 is necessary to maintain pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, and to regulate neural development. (unimib.it)
Adipose tissue abundance relies partly on the factors that regulate adipogenesis, i.e. proliferation and differentiation of adipocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
However, Notch signaling may act to regulate differentiation by controlling the proneural genes at the transcriptional level or Notch signaling could act in already committed precursors by inhibiting proneural factors posttranslationally. (biomedcentral.com)
Understanding how CTB regulate proliferation vs. differentiation will help us to identify ways to target the placenta and promote its regeneration in the setting of placental dysfunction (including preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction). (ucsd.edu)

Combining in vivo and in vitro assays, we show that the proliferation and differentiation capabilities of NSPCs decrease significantly in Ythdf2 −/− embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous molecular characterizations of mammary stem cells (MaSC) have utilized fluorescence-activated cell sorting or in vitro cultivation of cells from enzymatically dissociated tissue to enrich for MaSC. (frontiersin.org)
Several models exist to study adipogenesis in vitro , of which the cell line 3T3-L1 is the most well known, albeit not the most physiologically appropriate. (biomedcentral.com)
In conclusion, we provide a preliminary analysis of miRNAs associated with primary cell in vitro adipogenesis and demonstrate that the inflammation-associated miRNA, mir-21 is up-regulated in subcutaneous adipose tissue in human obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
NPCs can be produced in vitro by differentiating embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). (creative-biolabs.com)
We have used focal injections of DiI into the developing mouse hindbrain in combination with in vitro whole embryo culture to map the patterns of cranial neural crest cell migration into the developing branchial arches. (silverchair.com)
Runx2 gene activity is later repressed at the onset of cartilage formation, both in vivo and in vitro, necessitating examination of the regulation and function of Runx2 in mesenchymal stem cells. (umassmed.edu)
Un rôle majeur des prostaglandines dans l'hématopoïèse, ainsi mis en évidence, a pu être étendu à la souris chez qui un traitement par la prostaglandine PGE2 provoque la multiplication des CSH in vivo et in vitro, un résultat qui génerera très probablement des applications cliniques. (hypotheses.org)

All-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the most active metabolite of vitamin A. Several studies have described a pivotal role for RA signalling in different biological processes such as cell growth and differentiation, embryonic development and organogenesis. (mdpi.com)
In the early embryonic development, abnormal expression of EZH2 impaired embryo growth and pluripotency maintenance [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Embryonic development involves massive proliferation and differentiation of cell lineages. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we used next generation RNA sequencing of lineage-traced cells isolated through fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS-Seq) to perform differential manifestation and co-expression analysis during distinct phases of embryonic development. (physiciansontherise.org)

During rapid mammary growth in the mouse, label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) appear to retain label by asymmetric distribution of DNA strands, as evidenced by a rapid proliferation index of the LREC ( Smith, 2005 ). (frontiersin.org)
The hallmarks of development during pregnancy are the formation of tertiary branches, which terminate in alveolar buds, and the rapid proliferation of the luminal epithelium accompanied by differentiation and commitment to the secretory alveolar lineage. (biologists.com)
Mammalian embryonic stem cells would seem adapted to rapid proliferation, functioning in part to enclose yolk or to acquire access to maternal resources. (iospress.com)

The expression of p27(Xic1) in the embryo is regionalised but the transcriptional regulation of p27(Xic1) is not well understood. (xenbase.org)
Here we use single cell Hi-C to map chromosomal conformations in post-gastrulation mouse embryo cells and study their distributions and correlations with matching embryonic transcriptional atlases. (bvsalud.org)
The human proto-oncogene STAT3 encodes transcriptional factor that is essential for embryo- genesis, proliferation and differentiation of many cell types, in addition to organ regeneration and involu- tion. (pbkom.eu)
During progenitor cell differentiation and ageing, PcG silencer EZH2 attenuates, causing loss of PRC binding and transcriptional activation of INK4b and INK4a . (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings establish Sox17 as a tissue -specific modifier of Wnt responses and point to a novel paradigm where genomic specificity of Wnt/β-catenin transcription is determined through functional interactions between lineage-specific Sox TFs and β-catenin/Tcf transcriptional complexes. (xenbase.org)
Maturation of BAT and WAT follow a similar adipogenic transcriptional program, albeit several genes show cell type-dependent expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Overall, our data show that post-transcriptional modification of histones, particularly H3K27 trimethylation, leads to the structural and functional maturation of Paneth cells during postnatal development. (researchsquare.com)

In addition to the classic brown adipocytes, a different type of brown fat cells seems to exist in tissues where WAT predominates. (biomedcentral.com)
Since all known forelimb skeletal muscle tissues are based on Pax3+ progenitor cells, the lineage offers a genetic tool to discover the molecular processes that determine forelimb organogenesis and myogenesis. (physiciansontherise.org)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
Mammalian adult stem cells resemble the blastomeres of planktonic and benthic organisms with small eggs and may have evolved in mature organisms as an adaptation to the growth and maintenance of tissues via proliferation and the regulation of organ size via cell loss (e.g., terminal differentiation). (iospress.com)
Strategies for regenerative therapies in adult mammals, therefore, might be based on stimulating growth of adult stem cells or their surrogates in specific tissues rather than on introducing embryonic stem cells into adults. (iospress.com)
Lastly, we examine the link between growth control and osteogenic differentiation by tissue-specific deletion of the Mdm2 proto-oncogene in developing skeletal tissues of the mouse embryo. (umassmed.edu)
As a consequence, cell fate acquisition and subsequent differentiation of endosperm tissues are affected to varying degrees of severity. (silverchair.com)
Pluripotent stem cells (PSC's) are, by definition, able to contribute to all embryonic germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm), but not to extraembryonic tissues (including placenta and trophoblast). (ucsd.edu)
Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. (wikipedia.org)
[12] He suggested that the potentialities of individual cells via tissue culture as well as that the reciprocal influences of tissues on one another could be determined by this method. (wikipedia.org)
Many studies have shown the utility of embryonic or adult stem cells for forming teeth and for regeneration of bone and soft tissues. (bvsalud.org)
Adult stem cells are classified as pluripotent and are undifferentiated cells that remain quiescent in tissues until stimulated, when they can create cell types that are compatible with the tissue in which they reside. (bvsalud.org)
Additionally, they can form specialized cell types from other tissues if they are transplanted 6 . (bvsalud.org)
Stromal cells are a mixed population that can create bone, cartilage and fat and also fibrous and connective tissues. (bvsalud.org)

A recessive lethal study found no homozygous mutant embryos during gestation, and therefore none survived until weaning. (wikipedia.org)
The PGC-like cells in Blimp1 mutant embryos didn't show the quality proliferation and migration (7). (immune-source.com)
Blimp1 mutant embryos screen apoptosis in multiple cell types also, most the mesenchyme cells notably, which communicate high degrees of Blimp1 (8). (immune-source.com)

Here, by analysing Sox2 conditional knockout mouse embryos and chick embryos deprived of Sox2 in the olfactory epithelium using CRISPR-Cas9, we show that Sox2 activity is crucial for the induction of the neural progenitor gene Hes5 and for subsequent differentiation of the neuronal lineage. (unimib.it)
Furthermore, using grafting and lineage-tracing techniques in cultured mouse embryos to investigate the differential ability of odd and even-numbered segments to generate neural crest cells, we find that odd and even segments have an intrinsic ability to produce equivalent numbers of neural crest cells. (silverchair.com)
Studies in rodents (both mouse and rat) have shown that the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) plays a significant role in placental development: in fact, without individual components of HIF, mouse embryos do not survive beyond mid-gestation due to abnormalities in the placenta. (ucsd.edu)

Depletion of the cell-cycle inhibitor p27 ( Xic1 ) impairs neuronal differentiation and increases the number of ElrC (+) progenitor cells in Xenopus tropicalis. (xenbase.org)
To investigate whether p27(Xic1) is necessary for cell cycle exit and/or neuronal differentiation, we used antisense morpholino oligos (MO) to knockdown the protein levels in vivo. (xenbase.org)
Depletion of p27(Xic1) in X. tropicalis caused an increase in proliferation and a suppression of the neuronal differentiation marker, N-tubulin. (xenbase.org)
Effect of p27Xic1 MO on neuronal differentiation. (xenbase.org)
The different expression of isoforms H, M and L of synemin in the nervous system raises several questions about the regulation of synemin gene expression during the determination of glial and neuronal cell lineages in the central and the peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS). (biomedcentral.com)
We discovered that the lineage harbors several cell populations not previously defined, including cells that may likely populate the immune and hematopoietic systems parallel to the already known skeletal muscle mass, smooth muscle mass, and neuronal systems. (physiciansontherise.org)

Augmented STAT3 activation has been found in both irreversibly committed B cell lineage precursors and plasmacy- tes. (pbkom.eu)
Synemin H was produced only in neural precursors when neural differentiation started, concurrently with synemin M, nestin and glial fibrillary acidic protein. (biomedcentral.com)
During preimplantation stages, differentiation occurs between precursors of embryonic and extraembryonic structures. (medscape.com)

In mammalian embryos, DNA methylation is initialized to maximum levels in the epiblast by the de novo DNA methyltransferases DNMT3A and DNMT3B before gastrulation diversifies it across regulatory regions. (bvsalud.org)

We demonstrate that neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) self-renewal and spatiotemporal generation of neurons and other cell types are severely impacted by the loss of Ythdf2 in embryonic neocortex. (biomedcentral.com)
A distinctive feature of neural progenitor cells is that they have limited proliferation capacity, do not produce non-nerve cells, and will not exhibit self-renewal. (creative-biolabs.com)
Current Research and Scholarly Interests Regulation of self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation in adult stem cell lineages. (stanford.edu)
A stem cell is an undifferentiated unit with powerful self-renewal properties that is capable of organizing other cell types in the body. (bvsalud.org)
Stem cells are defined as undifferentiated cells that have precursor properties, are capable of forming many different cell types and have the property of unlimited self-renewal 5 . (bvsalud.org)
By definition, adult stem cells are capable of differentiation into at least two lineages and have the property of self-renewal. (bvsalud.org)

Genes expressed in LRECe revealed retention of some stem-like properties along with up-regulation of differentiation factors. (frontiersin.org)
Development and homeostasis require the coordinate regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
This selectivity suggests that the commitment of CNS precursor cells to form glia or neuron involves the direct regulation of the single synemin gene. (biomedcentral.com)
The role of ESRRs during animal development may also be linked to metabolic regulation by which developing embryos meet their high energy demand for growth. (nature.com)
Their larval and adult cells have narrow potencies, sometimes coupled to virtually unlimited … proliferation, and function in the growth, maintenance and regulation of body size. (iospress.com)
The embryos of larger arthropods and deuterostomes with well-provisioned eggs or viviparity, on the other hand, exhibit regulative development, while their larval "set-aside" or adult stem cells function in the growth, maintenance, and regulation of organ size coupled to constrained proliferation and cell turnover. (iospress.com)
Cell type specific transcription machinery and regulation of cell differentiation. (stanford.edu)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

Harnessing the potential of adult cardiac stem cells: lessons from haematopoiesis, the embryo and the niche. (ox.ac.uk)
Our in vivo analysis also confirmed the expression of synemins H/M in multipotent neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the adult brain, a neurogenic germinal niche of the mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Our previous study showed that the absorptive cells of the jejunum and ileum change rapidly and dramatically from suckling to adult type during the weaning period (Fujita, et al. (researchsquare.com)
Profoundly different patterns of potency and division are exhibited by mammalian embryonic and adult stem cells. (iospress.com)
There are basically two types of stem cells: embryonic and somatic (or adult). (bvsalud.org)
These cells are classified as totipotent and they can form any of the tissue types found in the adult body, in addition to having unlimited proliferation potential 6 . (bvsalud.org)

In these cell lines, geminin knockdown leads to markedly slowed growth and apoptosis within several days. (wikipedia.org)
In cardiac conditional Ezh2-knockout mice, cardiomyocyte proliferation was repressed, and the apoptosis process was induced [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
The tumor suppressor p53 responds to a number of extrinsic and intrinsic tension indicators to result in many mobile applications, including cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis/metastasis, and DNA restoration (13C16). (immune-source.com)
For a long time apoptosis has been considered the only type of programmed cell death responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the organism. (pbkom.eu)
According to the NCCD Committee, apoptosis and autophagy are ranked as two types of cell death. (pbkom.eu)
Apoptosis is the major form of cell suicide. (pbkom.eu)
The Sox2-deficient olfactory epithelium displays diminished cell cycle progression and proliferation, a dramatic increase in apoptosis and finally olfactory pit atrophy. (unimib.it)
Hematopoietic stem cells are cells isolated from blood and bone marrow that can differentiate into a variety of different specialized cells and suffer apoptosis 1 . (bvsalud.org)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)

It also regulates innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, including B cell maturation. (pbkom.eu)
However, it remains unclear whether the formation of the crypt is related to the maturation of Paneth cells. (researchsquare.com)
The morphological and functional maturation of Paneth cells occurred in the first 2 weeks and was accompanied by histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) trimethylation. (researchsquare.com)
Inhibition of H3K27 trimethylation suppressed crypt formation and Paneth cell maturation on organoids derived from ileum of early second postnatal mouse. (researchsquare.com)
2009). However, the relation between the localization of Paneth cells at the bottom of the crypt and their maturation remains to be elucidated. (researchsquare.com)
These findings suggest that Mdm2 is required for inhibition of p53 activity that ultimately allows for post-confluent proliferation and induction of Runx2 during maturation of the osteogenic phenotype. (umassmed.edu)

A nuclear protein present in most eukaryotes and highly conserved across species, numerous functions have been elucidated for geminin including roles in metazoan cell cycle, cellular proliferation, cell lineage commitment, and neural differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we investigated how higher-order chromatin structure modulates differential expression of the human INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus during progenitor cell differentiation, cellular ageing and senescence of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Expression of the INK4b-ARF-INKa locus during cellular ageing and differentiation . (biomedcentral.com)
The cellular products of embryonic stem cells routinely come under global influences and give rise to the cells of germ layers and organ rudiments. (iospress.com)
Taken together, our findings suggest that Runx2 modulates the commitment of progenitor cells to the osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages, and that Runx2 activity is inextricably linked to mechanisms that control cellular proliferation. (umassmed.edu)

In neural precursor cells, high levels of geminin prevent terminal differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
process usually involving changes in gene expression by which a precursor cell becomes a distinct specialized cell type. (wormclassroom.org)
She first showed that development is based on an orderly hierarchical succession of increasingly specialized small groups of precursor or 'stem' cells, expanding clonally. (pas.va)
Bone marrow appears to contain three stem cell populations: hematopoietic stem cells, stromal stem cells and endothelial precursor cells. (bvsalud.org)

We have examined the expression profile of synemin isoforms in mouse pluripotent ES cells and during their neural differentiation induced by retinoic acid. (biomedcentral.com)
Cranial neural crest cells are a pluripotent population of cells derived from the neural tube that migrate into the branchial arches to generate the distinctive bone, connective tissue and peripheral nervous system components characteristic of the vertebrate head. (silverchair.com)
Current Research and Scholarly Interests The thread of Ariadne that connects germ cells, preimplatation development and pluripotent stem cells is the focus of my research, with a specific interest in human development. (stanford.edu)

mRNA in unstressed transcription in HCT116 cells. (immune-source.com)
At higher concentrations, FGF-6 can downregulate the expression of myogenic markers and some myogenic transcription factors, and can delay C2 myogenic cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
We find convergence toward similar cell-state compositions at E7.5, supported by the quantitatively conserved expression of 76 transcription factors, despite divergence in surrounding trophoblast and hypoblast signaling. (bvsalud.org)
Abnormal STAT3-mediated signal transduction has been observed in a large number of neoplasms, in which it induces anti-apoptotic and cell cycle progression mediating genes transcription. (pbkom.eu)
Lineage specification is governed by gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that integrate the activity of signaling effectors and transcription factors (TFs) on enhancers. (xenbase.org)
Genetic studies have shown that formation of pancreatic endocrine cells in mice is dependent on the cell autonomous action of the bHLH transcription factor Neurogenin3 and that the extent and timing of endocrine differentiation is controlled by Notch signaling. (biomedcentral.com)
Members of the Runx family of transcription factors play essential roles in the differentiation and development of several organ systems. (umassmed.edu)
Unlike the mouse placenta, the human placental barrier is organized into a stratified epithelium, where the basal layer, the layer closest to the basement membrane of the chorionic villus, is comprised of cytotrophoblast (CTB) stem cells, which uniformly express the transcription factor p63. (ucsd.edu)
As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

At lower concentration, FGF-6 can increase the expression of many muscle cell differentiation markers. (biolegend.com)
Injection of FGF-6 recombinant protein into damaged mouse muscle can induce cyclin D1 mRNA and differentiation markers, including Cdkl1, MHC I and Tn1, which results in the acceleration of muscle regeneration. (biolegend.com)
Our results support the use of DNA label retention to identify MaSC and also provide a molecular profile and novel candidate markers for these cells. (frontiersin.org)
Insights into the biology of stem cells will be gained by confirmation and characterization of candidate MaSC markers identified in this study. (frontiersin.org)
Our approach pairs sparse scATAC-seq data with robust detection of hundreds of cell surface and intracellular protein markers and optional capture of mitochondrial DNA for clonal tracking, capturing three distinct modalities in single cells. (nature.com)
These findings represent the first evidence that synemins could potentially be useful markers for distinguishing multipotent ES cells from undifferentiated neural stem cells and more committed progenitor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Lastly, our results demonstrate that expression of differentiation markers can be uncoupled from the process of delamination of differentiating cells from the epithelium. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, we have also identified other markers of the CTB stem cell state, and are applying single cell RNA sequencing to explore the heterogeneity of these cells in the human placenta. (ucsd.edu)
CD133+), but are rarely codetected with the neural stem dents, very few human-specific NSC markers have been cell (NSC) marker CD15. (lu.se)
2000). In *Correspondence to: Perrine Barraud, Department of Veterinary Medi- contrast, several cell surface markers have been used to cine, Neurosciences, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OES, United enrich for NSCs in the rodent CNS. (lu.se)

FGF-6 can stimulate migration of myogenic stem cells and also control the maintenance of muscle progenitor cells. (biolegend.com)
2008). Lgr5 deficiency leads to premature Paneth cell differentiation in the small intestine without detectable effects on the differentiation of other cell lineages, or on proliferation or migration (Garcia, et al. (researchsquare.com)
This implies that inter-rhombomeric signalling is less important than combinatorial interactions between the hindbrain and the adjacent arch environment in specific regions, in the process of restricting the generation and migration of neural crest cells. (silverchair.com)
This creates crest-free territories and suggests that tissue interactions established during development and patterning of the branchial arches may set up signals that the neural plate is primed to interpret during the progressive events leading to the delamination and migration of neural crest cells. (silverchair.com)
SSTFs integrate external signals during patterning with shifting gene expression networks that coordinate the migration, proliferation, differentiation, and integration of cell types into fully functioning organs and multi-system limb constructions. (physiciansontherise.org)

proven to recruit the histone methyltransferase G9a towards the promoter of knockout mice shows that Blimp1 can be a crucial determinant from the germ cell lineage (7, 8), which is important for constant repression of homeobox genes that normally accompany standards of primordial germ cells (PGCs) (7). (immune-source.com)
However, we observed noticeable changes in specification timing of some lineages and divergence of primordial germ cell programs, which in the rabbit do not activate mesoderm genes. (bvsalud.org)
whereas LREC in suprabasal epithelial layers are enriched for more committed progenitor cells, expressing some genes that are associated with stem cell attributes along with those indicative of cell differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
The scientists introduced four new genes into harvested gallbladder cells which reprogrammed the cells to act more like the insulin-producing beta cells that the body had destroyed. (diabetesresearchconnection.org)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

We isolated four categories of cells from mammary epithelium of female calves: bromodeoxyuridine label retaining epithelial cells (LREC) from basal (LRECb) and embedded layers (LRECe), and epithelial control cells from basal and embedded layers. (frontiersin.org)
The luminal epithelium forms the ducts and the secretory alveoli, whereas the basal epithelium consists essentially of myoepithelial cells. (biologists.com)

Furthermore, the decreased expression of the EZH2 gene is crucial for stem cell differentiation into specific cell lineages involved in myogenesis, adipogenesis, osteogenesis, neurogenesis, and haematopoiesis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

This dictates cycles of mammary growth, differentiation, lactation, and regression, during which mammary stem cells (MaSC) provide for the lineages of luminal and basal (myoepithelial) epithelial cells in the ducts and alveoli. (frontiersin.org)
Paneth cells are antimicrobial peptide-secreting epithelial cells located at the bottom of the intestinal crypts of Lieberkühn. (researchsquare.com)
All intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) originate from intestinal stem cells (ISCs) that reside in niches of the lower crypt. (researchsquare.com)

In addition, we show that, at later stages,Wnt/β-catenin signaling is sufficient for ventral dermal cell specification. (biologists.com)
Recent studies have provided new insights into the origin, specification and fate of mammary stem and progenitor cells and into how the differentiated lineages that comprise the functional mammary gland are determined. (biologists.com)
Based on our findings, however, we propose that specification of BETL cells is an irreversible event that occurs within a narrow window of syncytial development, and that BETL cell identity is subsequently inherited in a lineage-dependent manner. (silverchair.com)

Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Prabhakaran MP, Tian L, Shamirzaei-Jeshvaghani E, Dehghani L, Ramakrishna S. Structural properties of scaffolds: Crucial parameters towards stem cells differentiation. (wjgnet.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

In the embryo, the signals that induce the formation of mammary placodes from the skin are beginning to be elucidated. (biologists.com)

At the same time, we found an increase in the expression of ElrC, a marker of cells as they undergo a transition from proliferation to differentiation. (xenbase.org)
B) X. tropicalis embryos were injected with p27Xic1 MO or control MO and were analysed at stage 18 for Sox3 or N-tubulin expression (purple) and BrdU incorporation (brown nuclei), as indicated. (xenbase.org)
Effect of p27Xic1 MO on ElrC expression and proliferation. (xenbase.org)
FGF-6 exhibits a very restricted expression profile predominantly in the developing muscle in embryos. (biolegend.com)
The enzymes compensate for each other in the epiblast, but can later facilitate lineage-specific methylation kinetics as their expression diverges. (bvsalud.org)
Developmentally regulated EZH2 levels are one of the factors that can determine the higher order chromatin structure and expression pattern of the INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus, coupling human progenitor cell differentiation to proliferation control. (biomedcentral.com)
Knocking down synemin in ES cells by shRNA lentiviral particles transduction has no influence on expression of Oct4, Nanog and SOX2, but decreased keratin 8 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
Although further studies are required to elucidate the specific role of these TLRs in embryo development, the differential spatiotemporal TLR4 and TLR7 appearance may suggest that TLR expression in developing embryos is highly regulated for a possible their direct involvement in the formation of the organs and in the acquisition of immune-related features in preparation for the birth. (acbjournal.org)
Considering that TLR4 and TLR7 expression is not restricted to the nervous system and the gastrointestinal tube [ 15 , 16 ], in the present study we extended our investigation by evaluating the localization and appearance of these TLRs in developing respiratory system, liver and pancreas collected at different stages of mouse embryo development. (acbjournal.org)
A specific kind of network, co-expression systems, are created from transcriptomics data to reveal patterns of gene manifestation in dynamic systems18C20, and have been used to identify cell-type specific patterns of gene manifestation during development ISA-2011B and the changes in regulatory relationships responsible for cell-state phenotypes21,22, among additional uses. (physiciansontherise.org)
Applying co-expression analysis to lineage-traced myoblasts provides ISA-2011B a model ISA-2011B system to decode the mechanisms behind embryonic and fetal myogenesis in the forelimb. (physiciansontherise.org)
Ngn3 expression was not analyzed in Hes1 mutants but these had increased numbers of glucagon-producing cells at E9.5. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, while the CTB layer becomes discontinuous with increasing gestational age, p63 expression appears to be maintained in these cells. (ucsd.edu)

This must be supported by chromosome replication and epigenetic reprogramming, but how proliferation and cell fate acquisition are balanced in this process is not well understood. (bvsalud.org)
Together these studies suggest that Notch signaling prevents endocrine differentiation through a mechanism known as lateral inhibition where the Notch ligand Dll1, expressed in differentiating cells, signals through Notch receptors on adjacent cells thereby keeping them undifferentiated or acquiring a secondary fate. (biomedcentral.com)
To date, it has been hypothesised that BETL cell fate is specified in the syncytium and that cell files subsequently develop in response to a gradient of signal(s) derived from the maternal pedicel region. (silverchair.com)
Additionally, our data suggest that acquisition of aleurone cell fate does not solely rely upon signalling from the maternal surrounding tissue to the periphery of the endosperm, as previously thought, but that other factor(s) present within the endosperm are involved. (silverchair.com)

The remaining cells are broadly associated with ectoderm and mesoderm identities, showing only mild differentiation of TADs and compartment structures, but more specific localized contacts in hundreds of ectoderm and mesoderm promoter-enhancer pairs. (bvsalud.org)
The mesenchyme that fills the pharyngeal arches is derived from the following 3 origins: the paraxial mesoderm, the lateral plate mesoderm, and the neural crest cells. (medscape.com)
Although paraxial mesoderm and lateral plate mesoderm contribute to the musculature that develops in each particular arch, neural crest cells contribute to the skeletal portion of each arch. (medscape.com)

In many cancer cell lines, inhibition of geminin by RNA interference results in re-replication of portions of the genome, which leads to aneuploidy. (wikipedia.org)
The first phase comprises mainly functional cell impairments expressed by inhibition of protein and urea synthesis. (pbkom.eu)
p15 INK4b and p16 INK4a are closely related proteins and both act on the Rb-pathway through the inhibition of the proliferation-promoting cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell autonomous inhibition of Notch signal reception results in significantly increased endocrine differentiation demonstrating that these early progenitors are prevented from differentiating by ongoing Notch signaling. (biomedcentral.com)

In zebrafish, Blimp1 promotes differentiation from the embryonic sluggish muscle tissue lineage (9) and specifies neural crest and sensory neuron progenitors (10). (immune-source.com)
This is because NCCs are a population of stem cell-like progenitors that delaminate and migrate to give rise to a dizzying array of cell types all throughout our bodies and most of the skull: pigment cells, sensory neurons, glia, cartilage, bone, connective tissue, smooth muscle, and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. (biologists.com)
Presumably, the ability to delaminate, migrate, and differentiate into several different cell types would have been added on to these ancestral melanocyte progenitors 6,7 . (biologists.com)
Lineage tracing studies have revealed that both endocrine and exocrine cells are derived from Pdx1 -expressing progenitors [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

We modeled gastrulation dynamics using hundreds of embryos sampled between gestation days 6.0 and 8.5 and compared the species using a framework for time-resolved single-cell differentiation-flows analysis. (bvsalud.org)
All of these prominences are produced by the proliferation of the neural crest cells that migrate into the arches from the neural crest during the fourth week of gestation. (medscape.com)

We decided E11, E12, E13, and E14 as period points for evaluation to trace advancement right from the start of embryonic myogenesis, when the Pax3+ dermomyotome-derived cells enter the myogenic lineage, towards the onset of fetal myogenesis, when the myoblasts/myotubes begin to type myofibers. (physiciansontherise.org)
In addition to this fascinating chimerism, fetal cells are deeply involved in the remodeling of the maternal vasculature in order to redirect large volumes of maternal blood to the placenta to support the developing fetus. (stanford.edu)
Alterations in trophoblast differentiation and function lead to placental disease, and to various obstetric diseases and complications, including miscarriage, pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, and stillbirth. (ucsd.edu)
Probing mechanisms of EVT differentiation is key to understanding early placental development, but also the pathophysiology of placental dysfunction (i.e. in the setting of miscarriage, preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction), which are associated with hypoxia and abnormal EVT development. (ucsd.edu)
1983) and the multipotent progenitor cells from fetal disease (Bjorklund and Lindvall, 2000). (lu.se)

The activation of Notch signaling targets Hes-1 and Math-1 differentiates the early progenitor cells into absorptive cells and secretory cell lineages, respectively, in IECs (Fre, et al. (researchsquare.com)

Using RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunostaining, we show that synemin M is present at both mRNA and protein levels in undifferentiated ES cells as early as pluripotency factor Oct-3/4 and IF keratin 8. (biomedcentral.com)

Geminin has been found to be overexpressed in several malignancies and cancer cell lines, while there is data demonstrating that geminin acts as a tumor suppressor by safeguarding genome stability. (wikipedia.org)
Although chemiotherapeutic drugs should selectively kill only tumor cells, normal cells are often susceptible to cytotoxic or cytostatic effects of these agents. (pbkom.eu)
The INK4b-ARF-INK4a tumor suppressor locus (Figure 1A ) plays a central role in controlling the equilibrium between progenitor cell renewal and cancer risk [ 1 - 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These changes can be inherited and are, therefore, found in every cell, but more often, they are somatically acquired and restricted to tumor cells. (medscape.com)

Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are progenitor cells that have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into more than one cell type. (creative-biolabs.com)
Thank you for your interest in Neural Progenitor Cell Products . (creative-biolabs.com)

The tumour suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is an important negative regulator of cell-survival signaling. (biomedcentral.com)

As PKC-3 is frequently mutated in human cancers, how this factor controls cell proliferation may be important to understand tumour progression. (eur.nl)
The INK4b-ARF-INK4a tumour suppressor locus controls the balance between progenitor cell renewal and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that INK4b and INK4a , but not ARF , are upregulated following the differentiation of haematopoietic progenitor cells, in ageing fibroblasts and in senescing malignant rhabdoid tumour cells. (biomedcentral.com)
An essential process for promotion of metastasis is cancer cell invasion, which is controlled by several biological factors, most notably tumour proliferation and invasion. (biomedcentral.com)

Technological advances coupled with decreased prices in next-generation sequencing possess resulted in advancement of advanced approaches for network evaluation of cell particular adjustments in organ advancement and disease17. (physiciansontherise.org)
The pancreas is an organ containing both exocrine and endocrine cell populations. (biomedcentral.com)
While the placenta itself is one of the key characteristics for defining mammals, the human placenta is different from most available animal models: it is one of the most invasive placentas, and results in the formation of an organ comprised of cells from both the fetus and the mother. (stanford.edu)
The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture . (wikipedia.org)

To determine whether Notch in fact does act in Ngn3-expressing cells in vivo will require further studies relying on conditional mutagenesis. (biomedcentral.com)

in its absence, cells accumulate in a progenitor state. (xenbase.org)

Molecular biology of the cell (Sixth ed. (wikipedia.org)
This study explains an essential function of CDKs for replication initiation in a metazoan and provides the first direct molecular mechanism through which polarization of the embryo is coordinated with DNA replication initiation factors. (eur.nl)
Instead, we used laser microdissection to excise putative progenitor cells and control cells from their in situ locations in cryosections and characterized the molecular properties of these cells. (frontiersin.org)
Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Journal of Molecular Cell Biology, IBCB, SIBS, CAS. (deepdyve.com)
one of two haploid nuclei in a newly fertilized embryo (one maternal and one paternal) (Adapted from The Cell A Molecular Approach. (wormclassroom.org)
3. Molecular Biology of the Cell Third Edition. (wormclassroom.org)
4. Molecular Cell Biology - Fourth edition. (wormclassroom.org)
Molecular analysis of melanocytes and melanoma cells from mouse models: transcriptomics, bioinformatics, proteomics. (ubc.ca)

We have previously shown that p27(Xic1) is expressed in the cells of the neural plate as they become post-mitotic (Development 127 (2000) 1303). (xenbase.org)
of endogenous BLIMP1 and is vital for regular cell development. (immune-source.com)
The haematopoietic system provides an exemplar whereby characterisation of the blood lineages during development and the bone marrow niche has resulted in therapeutics now routinely used in the clinic. (ox.ac.uk)
Despite the importance of the dermis in the structural and functional integrity of the skin, genetic analysis of dermal development in different parts of the embryo is incomplete. (biologists.com)
The signaling requirements for ventral dermal cell development have not been established in either the chick or the mammalian embryo. (biologists.com)
Consistent with the different origins of dorsal and ventral dermal cells, our results demonstrate both conserved and divergent roles ofβ-catenin/Wnt signaling in dermal development. (biologists.com)
During metazoan development, the cell cycle is remodelled to coordinate proliferation with differentiation. (eur.nl)
However, it is becoming clear that TLRs can play a role also in mammal embryo development. (acbjournal.org)
1997). Within 14 days of postnatal development, Paneth cells mature and express cryptdin proteins as a specific marker (Bry, et al. (researchsquare.com)
Development of these varied systems is definitely tightly orchestrated as cells migrate from your dermomyotome, enter the forelimb space, and receive signals from your highly plastic environment. (physiciansontherise.org)
To further understand the mechanism by which Notch exerts this function, we have investigated pancreatic endocrine development in chicken embryos. (biomedcentral.com)
Several studies have demonstrated that Notch signaling is involved in the development of endocrine cells in the pancreas. (biomedcentral.com)
Mystification may have been introduced historically with the concepts of determinate and regulative development, but, hopefully, the muddle can be resolved by tracing the evolution of stem cells in Metazoa. (iospress.com)
Pattern formation in the embryo is severely impaired with development arresting at premature stages, while in the endosperm, the effects of the glo1-1 mutation are manifest at the free-nuclear or syncytial stage. (silverchair.com)
During cellularisation,and at later stages of development, aberrant cell division and localised domains of cell proliferation are apparent in glo1-1 endosperms. (silverchair.com)
Neural crest cell development. (ubc.ca)

The LREC in bovine mammary gland appeared to have a modest proliferation rate in which 5.4% of LREC co-expressed Ki-67 ( Capuco, 2007 ). (frontiersin.org)

However, the same is not true for primary and immortalized human cell lines, where other mechanisms exists to prevent DNA re-replication. (wikipedia.org)

Schier, A. F. Single-cell biology: beyond the sum of its parts. (nature.com)
Since Haberlandt's original assertions, methods for tissue and cell culture have been realized, leading to significant discoveries in biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)

Endocrine cells begin to appear soon after the first morphological signs of pancreas formation which occurs approximately at the 25-somite stage in the mouse and chicken [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
At this stage there is an increase in the numbers of Ngn3 positive cells in Dll1 and RBP-Jκ mutants, and at E10.5 an increase in endocrine cells. (biomedcentral.com)

In living organisms, if the temperature exceeds the normal range (thermo-neutral zone), it disturbs the normal physiological functioning and induces cell injury. (frontiersin.org)
We describe the isolation and characterisation of a mutation that induces aberrant globular embryo and endosperm morphology, globby1-1 ( glo1-1 ). (silverchair.com)

Nam, A. S., Chaligne, R. & Landau, D. A. Integrating genetic and non-genetic determinants of cancer evolution by single-cell multi-omics. (nature.com)
a cell microorganism that manifests new characteristics due to a change in its genetic material. (wormclassroom.org)
The laboratory technique of maintaining live cell lines (a population of cells descended from a single cell and containing the same genetic makeup) separated from their original tissue source became more robust in the middle 20th century. (wikipedia.org)

Here we address the contribution of the osteoblast-related Runx gene, Runx2, to the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. (umassmed.edu)
This repression was found to be required for the progression of BMP-induced chondrogenesis, thereby identifying Runx2 as a modulator of BMP activity in the chondrogenic as well as osteogenic differentiation program. (umassmed.edu)

It has been suggested that synemin could function as a linker between different cytoskeletal components based on the fact that it interacts with several proteins involved in the organization of the costameres, neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions within striated muscle cells. (biomedcentral.com)
She produced chimeric mice (which she at first termed 'allophenic') by inclusion of two genetically different cells in the early mouse embryo, thereby revealing the clonal organization. (pas.va)

Both SLD-2 and SLD-3 are asymmetrically localised in the early embryo and the levels of these proteins inversely correlate with S-phase length. (eur.nl)
We show that these factors are differently distributed to different cell lineages in the early embryo, which may be a key event in determining the cell cycle rate in these cells. (eur.nl)
These cells are derived from trophectoderm, the outer layer of the early embryo, which differentiates into multiple subtypes of trophoblast, with different characteristics and function. (ucsd.edu)

To date, a lot of EZH2 variants have been found in various cell and tissue types [ 18 - 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
Stem cells have attracted much interest in tissue engineering as a cell source due to their ability to proliferate in an undifferentiated state for prolonged time and capability of differentiating to different cell types after induction. (wjgnet.com)
Scaffolds play an important role in tissue engineering as a substrate that can mimic the native extracellular matrix and the properties of scaffolds have been shown to affect the cell behavior such as the cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. (wjgnet.com)
Cell culture or tissue culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions, generally outside of their natural environment. (wikipedia.org)
After the cells of interest have been isolated from living tissue , they can subsequently be maintained under carefully controlled conditions. (wikipedia.org)
In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes , especially animal cells, in contrast with other types of culture that also grow cells, such as plant tissue culture , fungal culture, and microbiological culture (of microbes ). (wikipedia.org)
The neural crest cells give rise to the connective tissue components, including cartilage, bone, and ligaments in the facial and oral regions. (medscape.com)

The PI3K-PTEN pathway promotes cell survival and proliferation, increases in cell size, and chemoresistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Beside PGC1a/b, ESRRa has been shown to potentiate a metabolic syndrome by acting downstream of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) 7 and also promotes hypoxic adaptation of cancer cells by stabilizing hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-a) from degradation 8 . (nature.com)

2005). Mucus-secreting goblet cells migrate toward the villi tip, whereas antimicrobial peptide-secreting Paneth cells move to the base of the crypts. (researchsquare.com)
Our results show that mouse hindbrain-derived neural crest cells migrate in three segregated streams adjacent to the even-numbered rhombomeres into the branchial arches, and each stream contains contributions of cells from three rhombomeres in a pattern very similar to that observed in the chick embryo. (silverchair.com)

Anatomy61

Organisms17

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs80

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes61

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Pathways9

Developmental7

Regulate6

Vitro8

Embryonic development4

Rapid proliferation3

Transcriptional7

Tissues15

Mutant embryos3

Mouse embryos3

Neuronal6

Precursors3

Mammalian embryos1

Self-renewal6

Regulation8

Adult6

Apoptosis9

Maturation6

Cellular5

Precursor4

Pluripotent3

Transcription10

Markers10

Migration5

Genes7

Epithelium2

Haematopoiesis1

Epithelial3

Specification3

Crucial2

Induce1

Expression13

Fate4

Mesoderm3

Inhibition4

Progenitors4

Gestation2

Fetal5

Secretory1

Pluripotency1

Tumor4

Neural progenitor2

Regulator1

Tumour4

Organ4

Conditional1

Progenitor state1

Molecular8

Development16

Mammary gland1

Mechanisms1

Biology2

Endocrine2

Induces2

Genetic3

Chondrogenic2

Organization2

Early3

Tissue7

Promotes2

Migrate2