Lineage of germ cells vertebrate animal clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

NANOG is a core transcription factor (TF) in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and primordial germ cells (PGCs). (biomedcentral.com)
A germ cell-specific gene regulatory network is required to maintain the unique properties of primordial germ cells (PGCs) for transmission of genetic information to the next generation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Chromatin remodeling is important for the epigenetic reprogramming of human primordial germ cells. (nature.com)
Gastrulation movements place endodermal precursors, mesodermal precursors and primordial germ cells (PGCs) into the interior of the embryo. (biologists.com)
Although both somatic cells (endodermal and mesodermal precursors) and primordial germ cells (PGCs) internalize during gastrulation, most studies of gastrulation have focused on somatic cells because they comprise the vast majority of internalizing cells. (biologists.com)
Depending on the species, DAZL is expressed in primordial germ cells (PGCs) and/or pre-meiotic and meiotic germ cells of both sexes. (ijbs.com)
Dynamics of male canine germ cell development [6] "Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are precursors of gametes that can generate new individuals throughout life in both males and females. (edu.au)

1973 Donald D. Brown for his studies of the structure, regulation, and evolution of genes in animals, particularly the genes specifying ribosomal RNA in Xenopus and silk fibroin in Bombix. (wikipedia.org)
1985 Gerald M. Rubin and Allan C. Spradling for adding a new dimension to eukaryotic genetics and developmental biology by developing a method to introduce and stably integrate cloned genes into the germ cells of living Drosophila. (wikipedia.org)
Chondrichthyan species display two nanos1 genes (named nanos1A / 1B ), which were both retrieved in some Osteichthyes at basal positions in Sarcopterygii and Actinopterygii lineages. (nature.com)
In Vertebrates, three Nanos paralogous genes were described. (nature.com)
Taken together, these data identify Nanos as primordial genes with highly conserved functions for both, the migration of the germinal cells and their maintenance in adults. (nature.com)
In Vertebrates, Nanos paralogous genes were associated to partial redundancies and specific functional evolutions. (nature.com)
Overall, when she began working in this lab with Wieschaus she discovered new ways of working on recombinant DNA and molecular biology with the focus to clone developmentally interesting genes. (wepapers.com)
Spatial expression analysis of both genes revealed that Sof-RXR is expressed ubiquitously in all cells of the embryo, including the chondrocytes, whereas Sof-ALDH was expressed only in a sub-set of epithelial cells and no expression at the level of chondrocytes was observed. (europa.eu)
Cells become cancerous by accumulating, stepwise, a series of several mutations that alter the function of genes important for cell growth. (agemed.org)
PGCs express several pluripotency-related TFs such as NANOG, POU5F3 , and SOX2 , and their expression controls transcription of germness-related genes in these cells [ 11 , 29 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, we find that the distal NDRs are enriched specifically for binding motifs of the pluripotency and germ cell master regulators such as NANOG, SOX17, AP2γ and OCT4 in human FGCs, indicating the existence of a delicate regulatory balance between pluripotency-related genes and germ cell-specific genes in human FGCs, and the functional significance of these genes for germ cell development in vivo . (nature.com)
The homeobox genes of animals are categorized into eleven classes, with the Antennapedia class (ANTP) being one of the largest, comprising the Hox, ParaHox and NK gene families [ 5 , 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
DAZ (Deleted in Azoospermia) family genes are important fertility factors in many animals including humans. (ijbs.com)
To understand how the functions of neural bHLH genes have evolved among bilaterians, we have performed a detailed study of bHLH genes during nervous system development in the polychaete annelid, Platynereis dumerilii , an organism which is evolutionary distant from both Drosophila and vertebrates. (biomedcentral.com)
We have studied Platynereis orthologs of the most important vertebrate neural bHLH genes, i.e. achaete-scute, neurogenin, atonal, olig , and NeuroD genes, the latter two being genes absent of the Drosophila genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Our data suggest that in Platynereis , like in vertebrates but unlike Drosophila , (i) neurogenin is the main proneural gene for the formation of the trunk central nervous system, (ii) achaete-scute and olig genes are involved in neural subtype specification in the central nervous system, in particular in the specification of the serotonergic phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, we found that the Platynereis NeuroD gene has a broad and early neuroectodermal expression, which is completely different from the neuronal expression of vertebrate NeuroD genes. (biomedcentral.com)
Our analysis suggests that the Platynereis bHLH genes have both proneural and neuronal specification functions, in a way more akin to the vertebrate situation than to that of Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)
Genetic and molecular studies mainly conducted in Drosophila and vertebrates have shown that genes encoding transcription factors of the basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) class play pivotal roles in various steps of neurogenesis, including commitment of neural precursors (proneural function), specification of particular neuronal identities, and neuronal differentiation [ 1 - 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Phylogenetic analysis showed that these genes were clustered into clades corresponding to the doublesex/Mav-3 (DM) genes of vertebrates. (researchsquare.com)
During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
Generally, when a stem cell culture is induced to differentiate, the differentiated population is analysed for particular cell types by expression of genes, markers or phenotypic analysis. (justia.com)
Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
The production of terminally differentiated cells from such cells, therefore, requires successive changes of cell fates, meaning that genes relevant for the next stage of differentiation must be switched on and genes not relevant anymore must be switched off. (amegroups.org)

RA receptor (RAR)-gamma expression is essential for vertebrate chondrocyte differentiation. (europa.eu)
In addition, TFs generally initiate and guide cell fate such as lineage progression and control the stability of cell differentiation [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular differentiation and lineage programming The generation of therapeutically important cells like cardiomyocytes using readily available cell types remains a considerable challenge for biologists. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Initial hypotheses in the late 1800s advocated that cellular differentiation happens through permanent deficits of hereditary info.10 However German embryologists Hans Dreisch and Hans Spemann found that separation of the early blastomeres of recently fertilized animal eggs generates two fully-formed animals.11 These "twinning" experiments challenged the hypothesis that cells permanently shed developmental potential as they become more differentiated. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Dazl can regulate the expression, transport and localization of target mRNAs of proteins which control the differentiation, growth and maturation of germ cells. (ijbs.com)
A coordinated tempo-spatial expression of transcription factors is required for cell type specification and the differentiation of the three germ layers into distinct organ systems during bilaterian ontogeny [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional studies in model organisms, such as vertebrates and Drosophila , have shown that basic Helix-loop-Helix (bHLH) proteins have important roles in different steps of neurogenesis, from the acquisition of neural fate to the differentiation into specific neural cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
The doublesex and Mab-3-related transcription factor (Dmrt) gene family is known for its extensive roles in sex determination and differentiation across vertebrates. (researchsquare.com)
Stability of Imprinting and Differentiation Capacity in Naïve Human Cells Induced by Chemical Inhibition of CDK8 and CDK19. (axonmedchem.com)
The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
The development of the hematopoietic system has long served as model to understand how changes in gene regulatory networks drive the differentiation of the various blood cell types. (amegroups.org)

Although NANOG plays a key role in germ cells, the molecular mechanism underlying its transcriptional regulation in PGCs has not been studied. (biomedcentral.com)
Here, we show that C. elegans PGCs internalize by attaching to internal endodermal cells, which undergo morphogenetic movements that pull the PGCs into the embryo. (biologists.com)
HMR-1 expression in PGCs is necessary and sufficient to ensure internalization, suggesting that HMR-1 can promote PGC-endoderm adhesion through a mechanism other than homotypic trans interactions between the two cell groups. (biologists.com)

When the host lacks the ability to raise a defense against a particular disease, there may also be an interest in administering specific T-cells or B-cells or precursors thereof which may supplement the host's compromised immune system. (justia.com)

While the standard filarial life cycle pattern involves a vertebrate definitive host and an invertebrate vector, represented by a blood-sucking ectoparasite, our finding suggests that microfilariae of this nematode species may also be semen-borne, with transmission intensity promoted by the polygynous mating system of vespertilionid bats in which an infected male mates with many females during the autumn swarming. (frontiersin.org)
DAZ family proteins are found almost exclusively in germ cells in distant animal species. (ijbs.com)
therefore, they constitute idea model species for studying development and evolution in vertebrates (Bemis et al. (researchsquare.com)
Not only is this overall arrangement conserved, but the manner in which these axial tissues are produced is similar across vertebrate species. (silverchair.com)
Currently, the CL employs multiple is_a relations, defining cell types in terms of histological, functional, and lineage properties, and the majority of definitions are written with sufficient generality to hold across multiple species. (philarchive.org)
Genome 10K: a proposal to obtain whole-genome sequence for 10,000 vertebrate species. (academicinfluence.com)
His main research interests involve how major groups of animals evolved and is interested in adapting emerging techniques in biotechnology to apply to new species. (stanford.edu)

If a genetic programme for specifying cartilage cells arose only once during metazoan evolution, elements of a shared molecular fingerprint will be present in both cephalopods and vertebrates, despite their long independent evolutionary history. (europa.eu)
We conclude that these features are ancestral to bilaterians and have been conserved in the vertebrates and annelids lineages, but have diverged in the evolutionary lineage leading to Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)
We also review the location and molecular characteristics of these putative stem cells, along with their evolutionary conservation in vertebrates and the signalling mechanisms that regulate and arrest axis extension. (silverchair.com)

1976 Daniel Nathans for his innovative use of molecular and cell biological tools to analyze the genome of an oncogenic virus. (wikipedia.org)
The two successive nanos gene duplications may result from the second and third whole genome duplication events at the basis of Vertebrates and Teleosts respectively. (nature.com)
This whole package of DNA (genome) and protein (epigenome) in a chromosome is what controls the development and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms (protists, fungi, animals, and plants). (carnivorousplants.org)
Here we use nucleosome occupancy and methylation sequencing method to analyze both the genome-wide chromatin accessibility and DNA methylome at a series of crucial time points during fetal germ cell development in both human and mouse. (nature.com)
Although the genome-wide histone modification landscapes of mouse in vivo germ cells and in vitro PGCLCs have been profiled and several germline-specific properties of epigenetic reprogramming have been revealed, the study of genome-scale chromatin states in human FGCs is still challenging, due to the scarcity of materials and technical difficulties. (nature.com)
With this model more potent cells sit in the peaks of a landscape before rolling irreversibly downward towards deeper valleys representing more differentiated claims as the genome activates and silences fate-specific epigenetic markers. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
As a result researchers became more interested in the mechanisms that result in changes that distinguish cells of one lineage from another even as they share the same genome. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Genomes from elongated spermatids exhibited an intermediate level of DNA methylation, between those of round spermatids and mature spermatozoa, suggesting that the male germ cell acquires the ability to maintain its undermethylated state in the paternal zygotic genome during this phase of spermiogenesis. (shengsci.com)
The stimulus for the change of cell fate originates from extrinsic signals which set a cascade of intracellular processes in motion that eventually terminate at the genome leading to changes in gene expression and the development of alternate gene regulatory networks. (amegroups.org)

Nanos are RNA-binding proteins playing crucial roles in germ cell development and maintenance. (nature.com)
The Nanos proteins family regroups highly conserved RNA-binding proteins in higher eukaryotes implicated in germ cell development and maintenance. (nature.com)
We focus our attention on three families of transcription factors that are known to have roles in vertebrate chondrogenesis: Sox and the Ant- and Prd- class families of the homeodomain proteins. (europa.eu)
Internal signals producing apoptosis depend on interactions of several proteins and may serve to protect the organism from cancer by killing cells that have pre-cancerous changes. (agemed.org)
created 'undead' cells in which one of these proteins was turned on, but other downstream proteins (that are responsible for the cellular execution phase of apoptosis) had been turned off: these cells were undergoing apoptosis, but could not complete the process and die. (elifesciences.org)
DAZ family proteins are located in the nucleus and/or in the cytoplasm of male and female germ cells at different developmental stages throughout the gametogenesis. (ijbs.com)
However, these studies highlighted many differences in the expression and function of orthologous bHLH proteins during neural development between vertebrates and Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)
Tudor-related proteins TDRD1/MTR-1, TDRD6 and TDRD7/TRAP: domain composition, intracellular localization, and function in male germ cells in mice. (shengsci.com)
They are 24-35 nt long, have 2´- O -methyl-modified 3´ termini, and associate with PIWI proteins, a specialized family of Argonaute proteins expressed in germ cells. (gokcumenlab.org)

Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
Moreover, as is the case in vertebrate embryos, confining the ANE to the anterior end of the embryo requires a Wnt/β- catenin -dependent signaling mechanism. (echinobase.org)
A) foxq2 , fzl5/8, and six3 expression in 32-cell and late blastula-stage control embryos (Aa-d), ΔFzl5/8 mRNA-injected embryos (Af-i), and embryos treated with JNK inhibitor (Ak-n). (echinobase.org)
A) foxq2 expression at stages from 32-cell to hatched blastula, as well as fzl5/8 and six3 expression at mesenchyme blastula stage in control embryos (Aa-f), Fzl1/2/7 morpholino-injected embryos (Ah-m), and embryos treated with PKC inhibitor (Ao-t). (echinobase.org)
No Pax2/5/8 expression was observed in the less centralized CNS of bivalve, polyplacophoran, and gastropod embryos, thus arguing for a loss of Pax2/5/8 involvement in CNS development in these lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
Vertebrate embryos display a highly characteristic spatial patterning of tissues, including the arrangement of the neural tube, the somitic mesoderm and the notochord along the rostrocaudal (head-tail) length of the body axis( Fig. 1 ). (silverchair.com)
Efficient generation of embryonic stem cells from single blastomeres of cryopreserved mouse embryos in the presence of signalling modulators. (axonmedchem.com)

1984 Geoffrey M. Cooper and Robert A. Weinberg for the identification and characterization of cellular oncogenes of human and animal tumors, thereby providing seminal insights into the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Data derived from cephalopod studies can be used to compare and contrast known mechanisms underlying the development of analogous vertebrate structures. (europa.eu)
Many studies have investigated germ cell-specific gene promoters to understand their regulatory mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Our findings provide strong support for the idea that the sea urchin ANE regulatory state and the mechanisms that position and define its borders represent an ancient regulatory patterning system that was present in the common echinoderm/vertebrate ancestor. (echinobase.org)
The Hsieh laboratory is a neural stem cell biology laboratory that focuses on 4 major areas: (1) epilepsy-in-a-dish, (2) 3D cerebral organoids, (3) patient recruitment, and (4) mechanisms of adult neurogenesis. (utsa.edu)
In mammals, the immune systems serves as the primary defense with many different types of cells and mechanisms to protect the host. (justia.com)
The related coactivator complexes SAGA and ATAC control embryonic stem cell self-renewal through acetyltransferase-independent mechanisms. (axonmedchem.com)

For example, the European cuttlefish, sepia officinalis, possesses cartilage tissues with an unparalleled histological similarity with vertebrate cartilages. (europa.eu)

Cell division and cell cycle: Mitosis and meiosis, their regulation, steps in cell cycle, and control of cell cycle. (pathfinderacademy.in)

The presence of these cellular cartilaginous tissues outside the chordate lineage may indicate a common origin of cartilage as a metazoan tissue type (homology), or alternatively highlights constraints that animals face in the construction of internal cellular endoskeletons (convergence). (europa.eu)
lt;p>Endoderm is one of the germ layers-aggregates of cells that organize early during embryonic life and from which all organs and tissues develop. (asu.edu)
Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
The tissues of developing organisms can be shaped by apoptosis, a form of regulated cell killing. (elifesciences.org)
Gastrulation is a crucial morphogenetic event when cells that will give rise to internal tissues and organs move to interior regions of the embryo. (biologists.com)
The progressive generation of chick and mouse axial tissues - the spinal cord, skeleton and musculature of the body - has long been proposed to depend on the activity of multipotent stem cells. (silverchair.com)
In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy and apoptosis in Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-infected chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)
In bottom line, we confirmed that autophagy brought about by genotype VII NDV infections was important for virus-like replication, NDV-induced apoptosis, and cell survival in buy 480-11-5 chicken cells and tissues. (immune-source.com)

Accordingly, in ecdysozoan and vertebrate model organisms, orthologs of Pax2/5/8 are among others involved in the formation of the midbrain/hindbrain boundary, the auditory/geosensory organ systems, and the excretory system. (biomedcentral.com)

In the ovary, both paralogs were detected in germinal and somatic cells. (nature.com)
Moreover, we describe experiments showing the presence of activated MKK4, a direct target of MAP3K4, and activated p38 in the coelomic region of the XY gonad at 11.5 d post coitum, establishing a link between MAPK signalling in proliferating gonadal somatic cells and regulation of Sry expression. (plos.org)

Both have opened vistas of genetic analysis by the development of new methods, in particular, the development and utilization of molecular cloning in yeast. (wikipedia.org)
1988 H. Robert Horvitz for significant contributions to the genetic analysis of the development of cell lineages in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. (wikipedia.org)
This process gets rid of unneeded cells and is particularly important for "sculpting" tissue and organ structure during development of the embryo (or larval metamorphosis in insects), but may occur at any time even in adult cells when a tissue needs to be remodeled. (agemed.org)
Analysis of XY byg/byg gonads at 11.5 d post coitum reveals a growth deficit and a failure to support mesonephric cell migration, both early cellular processes normally associated with testis development. (plos.org)
AiA provides a mechanism to explain cohort behavior of dying cells that is seen both in normal development and under pathological conditions. (elifesciences.org)
This occurs frequently in animal development: in human fetuses, for example, cells in the hand are directed to die to remove webbing between the fingers. (elifesciences.org)
Once we currently understand it you will find exceptions to this central dogma that may be exploited for the development of cell-based medical treatments. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Plant Growth and Development, cell 183. (al-huda.com)
I entered limiting an another sep where it is, being NRE can visit the 4th development for 3 cells without ranging disease on NRE FDs. (al-huda.com)
Comparison of our expression data to those of other bilaterians revealed similar patterns of NK2.1 , vax , BarH and Emx in various aspects of neural development, such as the formation of anterior neurosecretory cells mediated by a conserved molecular mechanism including NK2.1 and vax , and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system involving BarH and Emx . (biomedcentral.com)
Pax2/5/8 -expressing cells are present in regions where the future sensory cells such as the polyplacophoran esthetes are situated and hence Pax2/5/8 expression probably predates sensory cell development during ontogeny. (biomedcentral.com)
This quantitative study explores the acceptability of Online Learning Action Cell (LAC) practice as a school-based professional development strategy for Tagumpay National High School (TNHS) teachers. (philarchive.org)
Revealing cell populations catching the early stages of the human embryo development in naïve pluripotent stem cells. (axonmedchem.com)
These results demonstrate the existence of pachytene piRNAs in chickens, suggesting a function of pachytene piRNAs during germ cell development shared by birds and mammals. (gokcumenlab.org)
Objectives Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play an important role in the development and growth of tumor cells. (immune-source.com)
CO2) and trading partners of the microalgal cells flomax price per pill combined with the sustainable development goals: a bibliometric and systematic review. (meghnasbeauty.com)

However, all developmental processes originate from pluripotent precursor cell types. (amegroups.org)
We also highlight recent studies identifying the cis -regulatory elements such as enhancers at the global level and explain how their developmental activity is regulated by the cooperation of cell-type specific and ubiquitous transcription factors with extrinsic signals. (amegroups.org)

Our study opens new perspectives concerning the complex evolution of nanos1 paralogs and their potential distinct roles in Vertebrates gonads. (nature.com)
In addition we have investigated components of the retinoic acid and hedgehog signalling pathways, both of which have relevant roles in vertebrate chondrogenesis. (europa.eu)
Cellular communication: Regulation of hematopoiesis, general principles of cell communication, cell adhesion and roles of different adhesion molecules, gap junctions, extracellular matrix, integrins, neurotransmission and its regulation. (pathfinderacademy.in)

1963 Matthew Meselson for his leading role in developing and applying methods to measure the transmission of genetic information in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Another obstacle for high product titers can be modified through genetic engineering, for example, with cell membrane modifications. (kameshwarmahadev.com)

Patient-derived primary nasal cultures grown at air-liquid-interface (ALI) were used to model upper-respiratory infection, and human lung epithelial cell lines used to model lower-respiratory infection. (bvsalud.org)
In other cases, where certain cells are lacking, such as islets of Langerhans in the case of diabetes, or cells which secrete dopamine in the case of Parkinson's disease, or bone marrow cells in various hematopoietic diseases, or muscle cells in muscle wasting disease, or retinal epithelial cells in visual disorders, it would be desirable to be able to provide cells which could fulfill the desired function. (justia.com)

the discipline of cell lineage reprogramming is in its infancy and further research will become needed to improve the efficiency of the reprogramming course of action and the fidelity of the reprogrammed cells to their in vivo counterpart. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
The immune system which results from cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages is developed in vivo, so as to recognize self from non-self. (justia.com)
There is also substantial interest in being able to study various physiological processes in vivo in an animal model. (justia.com)

Regulation of the NANOG gene by TFs, epigenetic factors, and autoregulatory factors is well characterized in ESCs, and transcriptional regulation of NANOG is well established in these cells. (biomedcentral.com)
This complex process is regulated by the interplay of transcription factors with a chromatin environment, both of which provide the epigenetic information maintaining cell-type specific gene expression patterns. (amegroups.org)

Strong induction of apoptosis in one compartment of the Drosophila wing disc causes apoptosis of cells in the other compartment, indicating that dying cells can release long-range death factors. (elifesciences.org)

However, the comprehensive chromatin state has not yet been analyzed for human fetal germ cells (FGCs). (nature.com)

SUMOylation of linker histone H1 drives chromatin condensation and restriction of embryonic cell fate identity. (axonmedchem.com)

Once considered a unique feature of vertebrate patterning, components of the retinoic acid (RA) signalling pathway, including both RA and the retinoid (RX) class of receptors, have been found within invertebrate genomes. (europa.eu)

In mice, the suppression of Nanos3 expression in PGC resulted in the complete loss of germ cells in both sexes 9 . (nature.com)

NANOS2 has also been identified as a key stem cell regulator in Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC) of mature individuals by maintaining the stem cell fate during spermatogenesis in mice 10 . (nature.com)
Student projects in my lab will revolve around cell-fate decisions in Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSC). (utsa.edu)

found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)
The field of the subject invention is the use of major histocompatibility complex antigen lacking cells and organs which may serve as universal donors in cellular and organ therapies including transplantation and to produce chimeric non-human mammals. (justia.com)

A role of this gene in Germinal Stem Cells maintenance may be evolutionarily conserved as Nanos2 is specifically expressed both in oogonia and in spermatogonia of adult medaka 11 and in a subpopulation of undifferentiated A spermatogonia in juvenile and spermiating male trout 12 . (nature.com)
SSCs are adult-tissue stem cells in the mammalian testis that balance self renewing and differentiating fate decisions to give rise to and sustain the entire spermatogenic lineage. (utsa.edu)
Pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC) can either self-renew or differentiate in what was long thought to be a unidirectional manner towards increasingly specialized cell types of the three embryonic germ layers. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
Here, we evaluate evidence for the existence and multipotency of axial stem cells. (silverchair.com)
In addition, embryonic stem cells may be modified by homologous recombination for use in producing chimeric or transgenic mammalian hosts, which may be used as source of universal donor organs. (justia.com)
Chemical conversion of human conventional Pluripotent Stem Cells to Trophoblast Stem Cells. (axonmedchem.com)
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which can give rise to a succession of mature functional cells. (justia.com)
In particular, the induction of stem cells to differentiate into muscle cells (myocytes) is useful for muscle transplantation and therapeutic purposes, as well as providing potential human disease models in culture (e.g. for testing pharmaceuticals). (justia.com)

Endoderm forms the epithelium-a type of tissue in which the cells are tightly linked together to form sheets-that lines the primitive gut. (asu.edu)
We have used conditional gene deletion of mouse β-catenin in Sox17-positive embryonic and extra-embryonic endoderm as well as vascular endothelial progenitors to address the function of canonical Wnt signalling in cell lineage formation and patterning. (biologists.com)
Sox17 lineage tracing in the definitive endoderm (DE) shows a cell-autonomous requirement for β-catenin in midgut and hindgut formation. (biologists.com)

RA signalling in vertebrates is important for axial patterning of all germ layers, including involvement in the formation of cartilage and excessive exposure to RA from the environment often leads to morphological defects particularly evident in the skeleton. (europa.eu)

Because these different Wnt pathways converge on the same cell fate specification process, our data suggest they may function as integrated components of an interactive Wnt signaling network. (echinobase.org)

Cellular immunology, T cell immunity, autoimmune diseases: The immune system plays a fundamental role in the defense against microbial pathogens. (utsa.edu)
In the developing embryo, TFs regulating the assembly/disassembly of transcriptional complexes and ultimately gene expression, are directed by complex extrinsic signalling processes which connect all cells within a multi-cellular organism to their environment. (amegroups.org)

Therefore, identification of regulatory elements within the promoter region is considered crucial to understand the mechanism underlying transcriptional regulation in specific cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
Therefore, regulation of NANOG expression plays a critical role in determining the fate of pluripotent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell signaling: Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, signaling through G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathways, second messengers, regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial and plant two-component signaling systems, bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing. (pathfinderacademy.in)

The process of autophagy in mammalian cells involves six principal actions: initiation, nucleation, elongation, closure, maturation, buy 480-11-5 and degradation [27]. (immune-source.com)

Somatic cell gastrulation movements are regulated by transcription factors that also control cell fate, coupling cell identity and position. (biologists.com)
Detailed lineage analysis and fate-mapping studies have revealed that subdomains exist within these primordia. (silverchair.com)
Statistically derived geometrical landscapes capture principles of decision-making dynamics during cell fate transitions. (axonmedchem.com)

99% sequence identity in the coding region and obtained evidence for the expression of an alternative Gpi1 transcript in mouse spermatogenic cells. (biomedcentral.com)

We also show that during coordinated cell death of hair follicle cells in mice, TNF-α is expressed in apoptotic cells and is required for normal cell death. (elifesciences.org)
find that these cells can stimulate other cells to die in both fruit flies and mice. (elifesciences.org)
In mice, nuage that is prominent in postnatal male germ cells is also called intermitochondrial cement or chromatoid bodies. (shengsci.com)

On closer inspection, the mythological human-animal combinations appear to contain more truth on this point than nineteenth-century biology, which was strongly driven by a separative cosmology, which still haunts common sense conceptions of life today. (demul.nl)
Cold Spring Harbor, NY -- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHLP) announced the release of The Digital Cell: Cell Biology as a Data Science, available on its website in hardcover format. (cshlpress.com)

Apoptosis Programmed Cell Death (PCD). (agemed.org)
Signals to trigger apoptosis may come from within the cell or from outside, by stimulating suicide receptors in the cell's external membrane. (agemed.org)
We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
Apoptosis has been thought to resemble a form of silent suicide by cells, but more recent work suggests that apoptotic cells can also transmit signals. (elifesciences.org)
Strikingly, undead cells in the posterior (back) region of the wing imaginal disc-the tissue in the larva that gives rise to the wing in the adult fruit fly-could trigger apoptosis in cells in the anterior (front) half. (elifesciences.org)
found that the JNK pathway activated apoptosis in anterior cells. (elifesciences.org)
when Eiger was absent from posterior cells in the wing imaginal disc, apoptosis in anterior cells ceased, indicating that Eiger might signal at long range. (elifesciences.org)
Apoptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in which cells activate an intrinsic suicide program to self-destruct. (elifesciences.org)
Apoptosis of tumor cells increased significantly as concentration of cocultured TD-MSCs increased. (immune-source.com)

Lantian man, fossils of hominins (members of the human lineage) found in 1963 and 1964 by Chinese archaeologists. (britannica.com)

What is needed are global governmental alliances that make technocratically oriented long-sighted decisions, aiming for definitively set climate-centered outcomes even if the communication of the microalgal cells combined with the steadily increasing energy demands. (kameshwarmahadev.com)
Transportation is one of the microalgal cells combined with other technologies to ensure sufficient provision of fuels. (chemdbsoft.com)

A wide variety of hematopoietic cells exist, with the major protective lineages being lymphoid and myeloid. (justia.com)

Apoptotic cells can produce signals to instruct cells in their local environment, including ones that stimulate engulfment and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
Although this process can occur in individual cells, apoptotic signals may also dictate the 'communal death' of many cells simultaneously. (elifesciences.org)
Only more recently has it become clear that apoptotic cells are the source of signals that can have profound effects on their neighbors. (elifesciences.org)

Our analysis detected frequent, recent, and lineage-specific retrotransposition of orthologous glycolytic enzymes in the human and mouse genomes. (biomedcentral.com)

We show for the first time that different trans -regulatory elements control transcription of cNANOG in a cell type-specific manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Remarkably, the anterior neuroectoderm (ANE) of the deuterostome sea urchin embryo expresses many of the same transcription factors and secreted modulators of Wnt signaling, as does the early vertebrate ANE (forebrain/eye field). (echinobase.org)

Nanos1A was strongly expressed in brain and also localized in all germ cell types in the polarized testis. (nature.com)

1980 Phillip A. Sharp for his pioneering and continuing contributions to our understanding of messenger RNA biogenesis in mammalian cells. (wikipedia.org)

The germ-line cells of many animals possess a characteristic cytoplasmic structure termed nuage or germinal granules. (shengsci.com)

Neurogenesis is a complex process that involves the formation of a vast array of neuronal and glial cell types that must be produced in the correct numbers and at appropriate positions. (biomedcentral.com)

The induction of a specific differentiated cell type can be useful for transplantation or drug screening and drug discovery in vitro. (justia.com)

In addition, Nanos1B protein was predominantly located in the nuclei of male germinal cells. (nature.com)

The protective mechanism which protects the host from disease, as a result of invasion of viruses, bacteria, or other pathogens, is also able to recognize cells which come from a different mammalian host, even an allogeneic host. (justia.com)
Abnormal ATG-9 subsynaptic foci at AIY Zone 2 of these mRNAs occupying the same fraction of germ granules into fewer, large granules might be a conserved mechanism to target Plasmodium generic flomax online falciparum. (meghnasbeauty.com)

An improved ontological representation of dendritic cells as a paradigm for all cell types. (philarchive.org)
The Cell Ontology (CL) is designed to provide a standardized representation of cell types for data annotation. (philarchive.org)
In any case, the respective cell types may then be selectively cultured to enrich their percentage population to eventually obtain a single cell type and culture. (justia.com)
We first test the capacity of an I-SceI transgenesis system to drive ubiquitous or regionalized gene expression, and to label specific cell types. (stanford.edu)

Chromosomes got their name by early cell biologists when they observed certain dark-staining objects in dividing cells. (carnivorousplants.org)

His thesis was on imaginal disc cells. (wepapers.com)

Anatomy48

Organisms38

Diseases17

Chemicals and Drugs42

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes79

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Information Science4

Health Care1

Primordial Germ7

Genes24

Differentiation21

PGCs3

Precursors1

Species7

Evolutionary3

Genome9

Proteins9

Embryos7

Mechanisms7

Histological1

Meiosis1

Tissues8

Model organisms1

Somatic cells2

Development16

Developmental2

Roles3

Genetic2

Epithelial2

Vivo3

Epigenetic2

Drosophila1

Fetal1

Chromatin1

Invertebrate1

Sexes1

Spermatogonial Stem Cells2

Mammals2

Stem Cells8

Endoderm3

Axial1

Specification1

Cellular2

Regulation3

Maturation1

Fate3

Spermatogenic1

Mice3

Biology2

Apoptosis9

19641

Microalgal cells combined2

Hematopoietic1

Signals3

Orthologous1

Transcription2

Testis1

Mammalian cells1

Characteristic1

Involves1

Vitro1

Germinal1

Mechanism2

Types4

Early1

Imaginal disc1