• BACKGROUND: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) encompasses a group of lymphoid neoplasms that morphologically and immunophenotypically resemble B-lineage and T-lineage precursor cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), unlike MDS, usually exhibit terminal myeloid cell expansion in the peripheral blood [ 7 ]. (medilib.ir)
  • Within the B-cell and T-cell categories, two subdivisions are recognized: precursor neoplasms, which correspond to the earliest stages of differentiation, and more mature differentiated neoplasms. (medscape.com)
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of clonal myeloid neoplasms characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis that present clinically as cytopenia(s), dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lines in the bone marrow, and risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (medscape.com)
  • The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of lymphoid neoplasms incorporates genetic data, clinical features, cell morphology, and immunophenotype, all of which have important implications for disease prognosis and management. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Characteristics allowing their differentiation from other immune cells include the regular lymphoid morphology, absence of rearranged antigen receptors found on T cells and B cells (due to the lack of the RAG gene), and phenotypic markers usually present on myeloid or dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma membrane. (scielo.br)
  • CLASSIFICATION OF HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES - The hematopoietic pluripotent stem cell is capable of both self-renewal and stepwise differentiation into either the lymphoid or myeloid lineage (which appears to be determined stochastically) [ 1 ]. (medilib.ir)
  • Several investigations [ 5 - 7 ] have been carried out with isolated embryonic, fetal, and adult SCs in a well-defined culture microenvironment to define the sequential steps and intracellular pathways that are involved in their differentiation into the specific cell lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 20. Melchers, F.: Biochemical characterization of immunoglobulin-producing B-lymphocytes at different stages of their differentiation.In: 'Regulation of Growth and Differentiated Function in Eukaryotic Cells,' eds. (uni-mainz.de)
  • Of note, among these influence factors, CAR T cells differentiation and exhaustion are identified as the central part due to the fact that almost all factors eventually alter the state of cells differentiation and exhaustion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show here that these novel intrathymic DCs are truly myeloid, as they arise from CD34 + early thymic progenitors through CD34 lo intermediates which have lost the capacity to generate T cells, but display myelomonocytic differentiation potential. (ashpublications.org)
  • Cell differentiation is essential to create multiple subsets. (nutritionfit.org)
  • Differentiation of naïve T cells into effector cells is required for optimal protection against different classes of the microbial pathogen and for the development of immune memory. (nutritionfit.org)
  • Differentiation is also directed by instructive and licensing signals from the environment, especially from antigen-presenting cells (APC). (nutritionfit.org)
  • Our research focuses on developmental pathways that regulate hematopoietic cell growth and differentiation and are disrupted in the course of neoplastic transformation, particularly in leukemias and lymphomas. (stanford.edu)
  • Decades of efforts have attempted to differentiate the pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) into truly functional hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), yet the problems of low differentiation efficiency in vitro and poor hematopoiesis reconstitution in vivo still exist, mainly attributing to the lack of solid, reproduced, or pursued differentiation system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we established an in vitro differentiation system yielding in vivo hematopoietic reconstitution hematopoietic cells from mouse PSCs through a 3D induction system followed by coculture with OP9 stromal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We interestingly found that our 3D+OP9 system enriched a higher percentage of CD201 + c-kit + cells that showed more similar HSC-like features such as transcriptome level and CFU formation ability than CD201 - c-kit + cells, which have not been reported in the field of mouse PSCs hematopoietic differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Altogether, our findings lay a foundation for improving the efficiency of hematopoietic differentiation and generating in vivo functional HSC-like cells from mouse PSCs for clinical application. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • the gene expression profile during B lymphoid differentiation. (lu.se)
  • Abnormal proliferation, clonal expansion, aberrant differentiation, and diminished apoptosis (programmed cell death) lead to replacement of normal blood elements with malignant cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • ILCs are primarily tissue resident cells, found in both lymphoid (immune associated), and non- lymphoid tissues, and rarely in the blood. (wikipedia.org)
  • Both cells can also produce IFN-γ when the cytokines IL-15 or IL-12 are up-regulated in tissues after infection or injury, and secrete TGFβ1 in tandem with IFN-γ when stimulated. (wikipedia.org)
  • The relationship between the ILC1 and NK cell lineages still remains fuzzy due to a lack of these characteristic markers present on some NK/ILC1 cells in certain tissues, or after certain infection/inflammation events. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, clear evidence for functional NK cell subsets exists in humans and the presence of NK cells in the thymus and immature NK cells in the liver suggests specific functions for NK cells in the tissues. (scielo.br)
  • The cellular or innate immune system was first described by the pathologist Elie Metchnikoff who recognized the existence of cells in the blood and tissues whose role was to identify, capture, and destroy invading pathogens. (aacrjournals.org)
  • While many studies have demonstrated the importance of cTEC and mTEC during T-cell development, thymic stromal microenvironments also contain heterogenous non-epithelial stromal (NES) populations in a similar manner to that seen in peripheral lymphoid tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • Resident memory (T RM ) cells are a distinct tissue-localized T cell lineage that is crucial for protective immunity in peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • Following effective priming in lymph nodes, T cells traffic to tumors and other peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
  • whereas T EM cells were shown to recirculate predominantly through blood, and peripheral tissues ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the early 2000's, large and persistent populations of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues were initially classified as T EM cells in recirculation from the blood ( 8 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Conventional lineage DCs generally differentiate into myeloid DCs which originally come from tissues, such as epithelial or interstitial DCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ab-3 shows no reaction with a variety of normal tissues .CEA is not found in benign glands, stroma, or malignant prostatic cells. (samatashkhis.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • I have expertise in novel therapies for acute myeloid leukemia, stem cell mobilization and homing, as well as stem cell transplantation. (rochester.edu)
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (acute lymphocytic leukemia, ALL) is a malignant (clonal) disease of the bone marrow in which early lymphoid precursors proliferate and replace the normal hematopoietic cells of the marrow. (medscape.com)
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL): Bone marrow shows proliferation of large and heterogeneous lymphoblasts consistent with pre-B-cell ALL (French-American-British L2 morphology). (medscape.com)
  • in turn, each of these categories is classified as either acute or chronic, depending on the proportion of morphologically and immunophenotypically immature precursors (blasts) in the bone marrow or peripheral blood. (medilib.ir)
  • B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) frequently express CD19, CD20 and CD22 on the cell surfaces. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have been approved for clinical use (gemtuzumab ozogamicin in acute myeloid leukemia and brentuximab vedotin in Hodgkin lymphoma as well as CD30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The image below depicts bone marrow aspirate from a child with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (medscape.com)
  • However, fetal PreProB-progenitors display a distinct, ontogeny-related gene expression pattern that is not seen in adult PreProB-progenitors, and they share transcriptomic signatures with CD10-ve B-progenitor infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia blast cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 3) We are defining the properties of cancer stem cells that initiate and sustain the unique disease features of acute leukemias through the use of various adoptive animal models. (stanford.edu)
  • This mechanism also applies to hematopoietic cells transformed by other HOX genes, including CDX2, which is highly expressed in a majority of acute myeloid leukemias, thus providing a molecular approach based on GSK-3 inhibitory strategies to target HOX-associated transcription in a broad spectrum of leukemias. (stanford.edu)
  • Consolidative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: who? (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy shows good efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r B-ALL), it fails to improve long-term leukemia-free survival (LFS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r B-ALL) often have clinicopathological characteristics associated with poor prognosis, such as high tumor burden and high-risk gene mutations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While adult lymphoid progenitor cells are produced by the bone marrow, their lineage commitment and development into mature T-cells is dependent on their migration into the thymus, where essential interactions with heterogeneous thymic stromal cells take place ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Castration of normal male mice induces expansion of the bone marrow B cell population, an effect that can be reversed by androgen replacement. (jci.org)
  • Immature B cells from normal mouse bone marrow were not responsive to the suppressive effect of androgens unless they were cocultured with marrow stromal cells or with supernatants from androgen-treated stromal cells, suggesting that the androgen effects are exerted through marrow stromal elements by production of a diffusible mediator. (jci.org)
  • Further experiments revealed that bone marrow stromal cells produced TGF-β in response to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and neutralization of TGF-β in the DHT-treated stromal cells reversed the suppressive effects. (jci.org)
  • The stromal cell requirement for androgen-mediated effects was confirmed in vivo by experiments using chimeric animals created by bone marrow transplantation in which androgen receptor expression was restricted to either the stromal or lymphoid cells of the bone marrow. (jci.org)
  • These experiments suggest that effects of androgens on developing B cells are mediated through androgen receptors in bone marrow stromal cells. (jci.org)
  • Several lines of evidence support the hypothesis that gonadal steroids exert effects on the development of B cells in bone marrow. (jci.org)
  • Androgens also exert effects on B cell development in bone marrow. (jci.org)
  • The paradox of proliferative bone marrow together with peripheral blood cytopenias in MDS may be explained by increased intramedullary myeloid precursor cell apoptosis [ 6 ]. (medilib.ir)
  • Experimental and human studies with intravitreal bone marrow-derived stem cells have begun. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of hematological cancers characterized by the inability of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow to produce healthy blood cells. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
  • The World Health Organization (WHO) has published several iterations of MDS subtype classification guidelines - in 1997, 2002, 2008, and 2016 3-6 - categorizing MDS into various subtypes based on how the cells within the bone marrow and peripheral blood appear under microscopic evaluation. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
  • Ring sideroblasts that typically make up at least 15% of the bone marrow erythroid precursor cells. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
  • The use of human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hTERT-BMSCs) as vehicles to deliver antinociceptive galanin (GAL) molecules into pain-processing centers represents a novel cell therapy strategy for pain management. (hindawi.com)
  • Bone marrow stem cells, including the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), are being considered as potential targets for cell and gene therapy-based approaches against a variety of different diseases. (hindawi.com)
  • They arise in the bone marrow but migrate to the thymus gland to mature.The diverse responses of T cells are collectively called cell-mediated immune reactions. (nutritionfit.org)
  • Recent clinical data indicate that patients with complex karyotypes, adverse genes, and high pre-infusion minimal residual disease (MRD) by flow cytometry in the bone marrow, were at high risk of relapse after CAR T-cell therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High pre-lymphodepletion lactate dehydrogenase, low pre-lymphodepletion platelet count, absence of fludarabine in lymphodepletion, persistent leukemic sequence by high throughput sequencing in bone marrow after CAR T-cell infusion, and early loss of CAR T cells have also been linked to relapse after CAR T-cell therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Once migrated to the bone marrow, MM cells unbalance bone formation and resorption via the recruitment and maturation of osteoclast precursors. (oncotarget.com)
  • The Notch pathway plays a key role in different types of cancer and drives several biological processes relevant in MM, including cell localization within the bone marrow, proliferation, survival and pharmacological resistance. (oncotarget.com)
  • B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
  • In a very interesting chapter, Z. PANCER and M. D. COOPER first consider the emergence of lymphocytes as a novel circulatory cell type in vertebrates and then discuss phylogenetic aspects of the superfamily of LRR - containing proteins and their role in immunity. (scielo.br)
  • We now understand that adaptive immunity is the purview of a second set of leukocytes, T and B lymphocytes, which are responsible not only for antibody production but also for the generation of T cells that can directly identify and kill host cells infected by pathogens (e.g., viruses). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Differentiating between low-grade lymphoma and reactive lymphocytes is often difficult by morphology alone as reactive lymphoid cells may acquire activation morphology from being exposed to different cytokines within the body fluid. (cytojournal.com)
  • The clonal process may develop at different progenitor cell levels in individual patients, and the clonal progenitor cell may or may not involve T and B lymphocytes [ 10 ]. (medilib.ir)
  • CD11c is expressed by dendritic cells, a subset of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes (IEL) and some activated T cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • CD11c is expressed in monocytes, macrophages, natural killer cells, some granulocytes and less so in a subset of lymphocytes. (thermofisher.com)
  • T cells (T lymphocytes) derive their names from the organs in which they develop in the thymus. (nutritionfit.org)
  • Together with memory B cells, lymphocytes that store specific antigen messages after antigen stimulation have lifespans of up to several decades. (nutritionfit.org)
  • Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Le pourcentage de CD44 dans les lymphocytes T périphériques était significativement plus élevé chez les patients que chez les témoins, comme détecté par la cytométrie en flux. (who.int)
  • BOB.1 from "B cell binding Octamer protein 1 "is a specific coactivator of transcription factors Oct-1 and Oct-2 of B lymphocytes. (samatashkhis.com)
  • Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells and sinusoidal endothelium) and infiltrating leukocytes (e.g., monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes). (mdpi.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DC) are responsible for initiating all antigen-specific immune responses. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Upon completion of this activity, the participant should understand the critical roles of dendritic cells in guiding host immune responses, and the details of how they mature, process, and present antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Understanding the paradoxical importance of dendritic cells in immunity and tolerance will inform the development of successful cancer immunotherapies. (aacrjournals.org)
  • It has long been appreciated that the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system must be coordinated, but it was not until the discovery of dendritic cells (DC) by Ralph Steinman at The Rockefeller University in the early 1980s that we truly understood conceptually how the immune system functions as a coherent unit. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Medullary epithelial cells (mTEC), in conjunction with dendritic cells, then take over control of developing thymocytes. (frontiersin.org)
  • N418 binds to CD11c on splenic dendritic cells in the T-dependent areas of mouse spleen and precipitates a 150, 90 kDa heterodimer. (thermofisher.com)
  • In this study, the finding that a significant proportion of all dendritic cells (DCs) resident in vivo in the human postnatal thymus displayed a myeloid-related phenotype prompted us to re-examine the developmental origin of thymic DCs, a cell type hitherto considered to represent a homogeneous lymphoid-derived population. (ashpublications.org)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are hematopoietic-derived highly specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that display potent ability to induce both specific immune responses and deletion of potentially autoreactive T cells. (ashpublications.org)
  • Dendritic cells-based therapeutic approach may be a potential strategy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. (medsci.org)
  • Basis of treatment based dendritic cells to combat coronavirus infections is summarized. (medsci.org)
  • The lamina propria of the small intestine is the main site of the intestinal immune system, which contains a large number of macrophages, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that have multiple subpopulations with different phenotypes and immune functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the body. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 6 , 7 Murine DCs with the reciprocal CD8α + CD11b − phenotype, although present at various levels in all lymphoid organs, represent the prototype of the DC population resident in the postnatal thymus. (ashpublications.org)
  • It responds poorly to immunotherapy for instance, despite this approach often succeeding in enlisting immune cells to fight tumours in other organs. (elifesciences.org)
  • Classical definitions of memory T cells derive from the belief that T cells localize and recirculate predominantly throughout the blood and secondary lymphoid organs ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
  • show that this approach can detect characteristic changes that affect blood cells as a result of malaria, spherocytosis, bacterial and viral infections, and leukemia. (elifesciences.org)
  • When lymphoid leukemia is suspected in cats, the diagnostic process often involves peripheral blood assessment, including complete blood count (CBC) with differential count, flow cytometry (FC) analysis, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR). (e-jvc.org)
  • Immunophenotypes of lymphoid leukemia in cats have been reported. (e-jvc.org)
  • Compared to studies of non-B, non-T leukemia in human ALL ( 6 , 9 ), there is limited research available on non-B, non-T cell-origin lymphocytic leukemia in veterinary medicine. (e-jvc.org)
  • In large cell lymphoma and leukemia cells involvement of body fluid this concept becomes less challenging. (cytojournal.com)
  • Large cell lymphoma and leukemia cells tend to have large size nuclei, less mature chromatin, and visible nucleoli with and without cytoplasmic vacuoles. (cytojournal.com)
  • The image below shows pre-B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL). (medscape.com)
  • However, ~ 30-50% of patients experienced leukemia relapse, the majority relapsed within 1 year after CAR T cells therapy [ 6 ], and with prolonged follow-up, the relapse rate may be much higher. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Relapses of CD19-expressing leukemia in patients who achieved initial remission after CD19 targeting CART cells treatment highly correlates with poor CAR T cells persistence [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These data identify PreProB-progenitors as the earliest B-lymphoid-restricted progenitor in human fetal life and suggest that this fetal-restricted committed B-progenitor might provide a permissive cellular context for prenatal B-progenitor leukemia initiation. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myeloid leukemia, is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by increased proliferation of the granulocytic cell line without the loss of their capacity to differentiate. (medscape.com)
  • RUNX1-positive leukemia cells in preclinical models. (lu.se)
  • In addition to these basic issues concerning leukemia pathogenesis, we are devising new diagnostic procedures for detecting and monitoring leukemia patients based on molecular genetic abnormalities in the malignant cells. (stanford.edu)
  • We demonstrate here that GSK-3 maintains the MLL leukemia stem cell transcriptional program by promoting the conditional association of CREB and its coactivators TORC and CBP with homedomain protein MEIS1, a critical component of the MLL-subordinate program, which in turn facilitates HOX-mediated transcription and transformation. (stanford.edu)
  • Early loss or exhaustion of CAR T cells, selection of CD19-negative clones, downregulation of CD19 expression, lineage switch of leukemia, and tumor microenvironment are important factors contributing to relapse after CAR T-cell therapy [ 9 , 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The combination of CAR T-cell therapy and allo-HSCT has been suggested to reduce the relapse rate of leukemia. (biomedcentral.com)
  • B-lymphoblastic leukemia / lymphoma with t(v;11q23.3) is a neoplasm of lymph oblasts committed to the B-cell lineage in which the blasts harbor a translocation between KMT2A (also called MLL) at band 11q23/3 and any of a large number of fusion partners. (cancer.gov)
  • Effects of oxygen metabolites/chemokines on hematopoietic stem cell expansion and preservation. (rochester.edu)
  • Effects of hematopoietic stem cell adhesion on marrow stromal cell cytokine p. (rochester.edu)
  • There his work focused on transcriptional control of hematopoietic stem cell maturation and cell fate. (ubc.ca)
  • In addition, he identified a number of novel hematopoietic stem cell surface proteins and began analyzing their function. (ubc.ca)
  • 40% of the total hematopoietic stem cell/progenitor pool. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) after CAR T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising strategy to prolong LFS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For decades, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has been regarded as the only well-established curative cellular therapy for patients with B-ALL. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Broadly separated into mesenchymal and endothelial cells, NES have been implicated in thymus organogenesis, thymocyte development, tolerance induction and development/maintenance of epithelial stroma. (frontiersin.org)
  • WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)
  • In: 'Control of Proliferation in Animal Cells', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, pp. 393-410, 1974. (uni-mainz.de)
  • Malignant transformation and uncontrolled proliferation of an abnormally differentiated, long-lived hematopoietic progenitor cell results in a high circulating number of blasts, replacement of normal marrow by malignant cells, and the potential for leukemic infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS) and testes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Consequently, the peripheral blood cell profile shows an increased number of granulocytes and their immature precursors, including occasional blast cells. (medscape.com)
  • T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma - a distinct clinicopathologic entity or a variant of diffuse large B cell lymphoma? (llu.edu)
  • CD20, CD22, and CD30 are also targeted antigens of CAR T cells in ALL and lymphoma trials [ 26 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are the most recently discovered family of innate immune cells, derived from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs). (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, during normal hematopoiesis, there exists a cellular hierarchy headed by a stable population of pluripotent stem cells that generate lineage-specific progenitors, which differentiate into the various types of mature blood cells [ 2 ]. (medilib.ir)
  • Single-cell transcriptomics and functional assays place fetal PreProB-progenitors upstream of ProB-progenitors, identifying them as the first B-lymphoid-restricted progenitor in human fetal life. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Although fetal BM PreProB-progenitors and ProB-progenitors both give rise solely to B-lineage cells, they are transcriptionally distinct. (ox.ac.uk)
  • As with their fetal counterparts, adult BM PreProB-progenitors give rise only to B-lineage cells in vitro and express the expected B-lineage gene expression program. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes with single lineage dysplasia (MDS-SLD) is characterized by unilineage dysplasia affecting the erythroid series. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
  • ILC1s and NK cells have some phenotypic markers in common, including: NK1.1 in mice, and NK cell receptors (NCRs) such as NKp44 and NKp46 in both humans and mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) generate a diverse repertoire of B and T cell antigen receptors through the rearrangement of immunoglobulin V, D, and J gene fragments, whereas jawless fish (agnathans) assemble diverse lymphocyte antigen receptor genes through the genomic rearrangement of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) - encoding molecules. (scielo.br)
  • T cells cannot recognize antigen alone, as for T cell receptors (TCRs), they can recognize only antigen bound to cell-membrane proteins (MHC molecules). (nutritionfit.org)
  • The blood cells that are produced are abnormally sized or shaped, which is classified as dysplasia. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
  • The WHO specified in the 2022 classification system for MDS that the threshold for dysplasia is set at 10% for all lineages. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes with multilineage dysplasia (MDS-MLD) is characterized by 1 or more cytopenias and 2 or more dysplastic changes in the myeloid lineage (erythroid, granulocytic, and/or megakaryocytic). (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
  • MDS-RS may occur in MDS types with either single or multiple lineage dysplasia. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
  • Next, an overview of several current models of hematopoietic lineage trees to identify developmental branching points between the lymphoid and myeloid cell compartments is discussed. (scielo.br)
  • His laboratory has followed two primary interests: 1) the transcription factor networks that regulate fate determination in various cells that make blood, and 2) the cell surface proteins expressed by hematopoietic stem cells that and allow them to communicate with their microenvironment. (ubc.ca)
  • All stem cells are undifferentiated cells that exhibit unlimited self-renewal and can generate multiple cell lineages or more restricted progenitor populations that can contribute to tissue homeostasis by replenishing the cells or to tissue regeneration after injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The remarkable progress of regenerative medicine in the last few years indicates promise for the use of stem cells in the treatment of ophthalmic disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This paper reviews recent advances and potential sources of stem cells for cell therapy in retinal diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) were first identified in 1961, and their ability to migrate and differentiate into multiple cell types was documented [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The DNA of the stem cells becomes damaged, resulting in acquired mutations that affect the stem cells from functioning normally and producing mature, healthy blood cells. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
  • Indeed, the potent pathotropic migratory properties of BMSCs and ability to circumvent both the complications associated with immune rejection of allogenic cells and many of the moral reasons associated with embryonic stem cell use suggest that BMSCs are most promising stem cells as a potential target for the clinical use of genetically engineered stem cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Although hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) enable autologous treatment of blood disorders, de novo generation of hematopoietic cells from pluripotent stem cells still compromises the unlimited high yield and rich hematopoiesis engraftment potential [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similarly, destruction of neonatally abundant pluripotent stem cells would likely have a more pervasive outcome than destruction of The value of incorporating immunologic appeared more severe and/or persistent when single lineages or differentiated cells that pre- data for the toxicologic assessment of drugs, the exposure occurred perinatally when com- dominate in adults. (cdc.gov)
  • The efficacy of cellular or humoral immunotherapy has been demonstrated with the success of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy and the bispecific engager blinatumomab in treating advanced disease. (haematologica.org)
  • Immunotherapeutic agents including antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T cells are widely studied in clinical trials. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Moreover, although interleukin 7 (IL-7) supports the generation of such myeloid intermediates, we show that their developmental branching from the main intrathymic T-cell pathway is linked to the up-regulation of the myelomonocytic granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) receptor, to the down-regulation of the IL-7 receptor and to the lack of pre-T-cell receptor α (pTα) gene transcriptional activation. (ashpublications.org)
  • Flow cytometry analysis, RNA-seq, and cell cycle analysis were used to detect the in vitro hematopoietic ability of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR, CD201) cells generated in our induction system. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In turn, MM cells-derived RANKL causes the upregulation of its receptor, RANK, and Notch2 in pre-osteoclasts. (oncotarget.com)
  • The malignant cells of ALL are lymphoid precursor cells (ie, lymphoblasts) that are arrested in an early stage of development. (medscape.com)
  • Cancer can be considered a disease of immune dysfunction, with a failure of immune recognition leading to the outgrowth of malignant cells as tumors ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell (PC) disorder accounting for approximately 10% of all hematological cancers. (oncotarget.com)
  • Malignant transformation usually occurs at the pluripotent stem cell level, although it sometimes involves a committed stem cell with more limited capacity for self-renewal. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These microenvironments are classically defined as distinct cortex and medulla regions that each contain specialized subsets of stromal cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Significantly, there are additional non-epithelial stromal cells (NES) that exist alongside TEC within thymic microenvironments, including multiple subsets of mesenchymal and endothelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Androgens only affected B cell development in chimeric mice with androgen-sensitive stromal cells. (jci.org)
  • Active Notch signaling in MM cells induces the secretion of the key osteoclastogenic factor, RANKL, which can be boosted in the presence of stromal cells. (oncotarget.com)
  • Extensive research on thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortex and medulla has defined their essential roles during T-cell development. (frontiersin.org)
  • Arguably, the most recognized and well-studied stromal populations in thymus biology are thymic epithelial cells (TEC) within the cortical and medullary areas, which are defined by their anatomical separation and function. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cortical epithelial cells (cTEC) support the earliest thymocyte progenitor populations, guiding them through the cortex, directing them to a T-cell lineage fate and ensuring their functional qualities as self-MHC restricted cells through the process of positive selection ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In this review, we cover how the non-epithelial compartment of thymic stroma represent essential cell populations in regulating thymus function. (frontiersin.org)
  • He has delineated the function of these molecules in diverse set of biological processes including: 1) gut and kidney formation, 2) vascular permeability, 3) mucosal inflammatory disease, 4) stem cell homing and migration, and 5) epithelial tumor progression. (ubc.ca)
  • Various cell lineages such as the epithelial glandular cells and the stromal spindle cells are involved. (ijpmonline.org)
  • The large number of macrophages in the intestinal tract, play a significant role in maintaining the homeostasis of microorganisms on the surface of the intestinal mucosa and in the continuous renewal of intestinal epithelial cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • These aberrant lymphoblasts proliferate, reducing the number of the normal marrow elements that produce other blood cell lines (red blood cells, platelets, and neutrophils). (medscape.com)
  • Non-B, non-T cell lymphoproliferative diseases are characterized by the absence of B-cell or T-cell-specific antigens and instead express common lymphocyte antigens. (e-jvc.org)
  • Through the process of producing and presenting a diverse array of self-antigens, mTEC drive single positive thymocytes either down conventional or Foxp3 + regulatory thymocyte lineages ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Flow cytometric detection of intracellular antigens has become a standard method in establishing proper leukemic cell lineage affiliation. (ijpmonline.org)
  • Combination of analysis of fluorescence labeling and light scatter properties of cells allows rapid and better determination of target cell antigens. (ijpmonline.org)
  • Detection of intracellular antigens by flow cytometry (FCM) requires effective fixation and permeabilization of the cell membrane. (ijpmonline.org)
  • cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)
  • Constitutional syndromes such as Down syndrome and ataxia-telangiectasia are associated with increased risk of B-cell-ALL (with CRLF2 rearrangement) and T-cell-ALL, respectively. (haematologica.org)
  • Vaccine strategies that concentrate on stimulating T cell immunity will at best generate reactive and persisting T cell responses that can suppress virus without preventing infection, limiting or preventing the damage the virus cause. (scielo.br)
  • 8 As these latter DCs derive from an intrathymic lymphoid-restricted progenitor able to generate also T, B, and NK cells, but not myeloid cells, upon transfer in vivo, 5 , 9 , 10 they have hitherto been considered of lymphoid origin. (ashpublications.org)
  • In the thymus, developing T cell, known as thymocytes, proliferate and differentiate along developmental pathways that generate functionally distinct subpopulations of mature T cells. (nutritionfit.org)
  • These cells gauge the class of the ingested microbe and generate signals that direct naïve T cells to differentiate into the subset that mobilizes the appropriate immune defense mechanisms. (nutritionfit.org)
  • The persistence of such responses is fundamentally thought to be based on the ability of T cells to act as potent effectors and, subsequently, generate long-lived memory ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • A progenitor cell is a biological cell that, like an SC, has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell but is already more specific than an SC and is pushed to differentiate into its 'target' cell. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lymphoid lineage DCs primarily differentiate into plasmacytoid DCs and occupy approximately 0.5% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in humans [ 2 ], but the cell population percentage is unclear in horses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD19-targeted CAR T cells therapy has shown remarkable efficacy in treatment of B cell malignancies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Indeed a wealth of studies from humans and mouse models establishes a particularly potent role for CD8 T cells in controlling the outgrowth of malignancies ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive variant of breast malignancies, being a heterogeneous group with various molecular abnormalities that require differentiated approach to diagnosis and treatment. (cttjournal.com)
  • The antibody is useful for studying the phenomenon of cell death by apoptosis as a pathogenic mechanism of numerous pathologies: nerve damage, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, AIDS and malignancies. (samatashkhis.com)
  • Complete morphologic, immunologic, and genetic examination of the leukemic cells is necessary to establish the diagnosis of ALL. (medscape.com)
  • Treatment typically includes combination chemotherapy to achieve remission, intrathecal and systemic chemotherapy and/or corticosteroids for CNS prophylaxis, and sometimes cerebral irradiation for intracerebral leukemic infiltration, consolidation chemotherapy with or without stem cell transplantation, and maintenance chemotherapy for up to 3 years to avoid relapse. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cytotoxic T cells directly kill infected cells by inducing them to undergo apoptosis, these cells like a "killer" or cytotoxin because they kill cells of interest that produce a particular antigen. (nutritionfit.org)
  • NK cells are cytotoxic cells, circulating in the bloodstream, killing virus-infected, and tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the other hand, phagosomes are formed when the pathogen is engulfed by macrophages and fuse with lysosomes to release enzymes and toxic substances, resulting in killing or having cytotoxic effects on bacteria and tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tumor development has been said to occur in three distinct steps: inefficient elimination of early transformed cells, development of a state of equilibrium between tumor cells and immune cells, and tumor escape from immune pressure ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Here we present evidences that MM can efficiently drive osteoclastogenesis by contemporaneously activating Notch signaling on tumor cells and osteoclasts through the aberrant expression of Notch ligands belonging to the Jagged family. (oncotarget.com)
  • Such synergism between tumor cells and pre-osteoclasts in MM-induced osteoclastogenesis can be disrupted by silencing tumor-derived Jagged1 and 2. (oncotarget.com)
  • NK cells coordinate tumor immunosurveillance and the immune response against pathogens. (scielo.br)
  • These cells, including macrophages and neutrophils, were found to provide a rapid response to virtually all pathogens and to initiate inflammation at sites of local infection. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Most importantly, unlike B cells, T cells can help eliminate pathogens that reside inside host cells. (nutritionfit.org)
  • These cells play a key role in early resistance to intestinal pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to intrathymic selection, and during this medullary residency period, CD4 + and CD8 + single positive (CD4SP, CD8SP) thymocytes acquire the ability to proliferate in response to TCR stimulation, and undergo licensing for cytokine production, prior to exiting the thymus to join the peripheral T-cell pool as Recent Thymus Emigrants (RTE) ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • They proliferate to activate B cells to make antibody responses and macrophages to destroy microorganisms that either invaded the macrophage were ingested by it. (nutritionfit.org)
  • When they receive the same antigenic stimuli as they once again, they can proliferate as functional T cells against antigen or plasma cells that produce antibodies. (nutritionfit.org)
  • 1-3 These nonoverlapping functions have been proposed to result from the actions of 2 major DC populations which have been characterized as myeloid and lymphoid DCs, respectively, on the basis of their anatomical localization and cell-surface phenotypes and, ultimately, of their distinct developmental origin. (ashpublications.org)
  • Here the authors use innovative approaches to combine spatial profiling with single cell transcriptomics to define tumor-proximal populations of fibroblasts that predict clinical outcome. (elifesciences.org)
  • Fibrotic livers are characterized by an inflammatory microenvironment that is composed of various immunologically active cells, including liver-resident populations (e.g. (mdpi.com)
  • On the peripheral blood smear examination, medium to large lymphoblastic cells with moderate amounts of basophilic cytoplasm were observed in up to 70% of peripheral leukocytes. (e-jvc.org)
  • While innate immune cells are important for early tumor immune surveillance, T cells are fundamentally recognized for their crucial role in the antigen-specific recognition and elimination of malignantly transformed cells ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • According to the most recent 5th edition WHO classification guidelines, the number of dysplastic lineages is now optional as a differentiator since this reflects the clonal evolution of the MDS disease process more than it defines specific subtypes. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
  • Due to ILC1s and NK cells having both shared and unshared features, the classification of human ILC1s has been problematic. (wikipedia.org)
  • This classification divides NHL into two groups: those of B-cell origin and those of T-cell/natural killer (NK)-cell origin. (medscape.com)
  • Although NK precursors and immature NK cells have been identified in mice and humans, the precise sites where NK cell maturation take place are not yet fully defined. (scielo.br)
  • There he worked with Dr. Max D. Cooper (Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Academy of Sciences) and his research focused on cell surface proteins expressed by preB cells that regulate B cell maturation and homing. (ubc.ca)
  • negative), MDS/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis, and unclassifiable MDS/MPN. (medilib.ir)
  • In a drop of blood we can identify all major blood cells and characterize their pathological changes in several disease conditions in vitro and in patient samples. (elifesciences.org)
  • We employed in vitro cultures and two in vivo models to investigate whether androgens exert these effects directly on marrow lymphoid precursors or whether actions on marrow stromal elements are required. (jci.org)
  • Further, we innovatively demonstrated that notch signaling pathway is responsible for in vitro CD201 + hematopoietic cell induction from mouse PSCs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The past decade has seen the discovery of an ever-growing number of CD4 T helper cell subsets, with unique transcriptional programs governed by lineage-defining transcription factors. (nutritionfit.org)
  • The production of a diverse αβ-T-cell pool is vital to establishing and maintaining a functional adaptive immune system. (frontiersin.org)
  • ILC1 and NK cell lineages diverge early in their developmental pathways and can be discriminated by their difference in dependence on transcription factors, their cytotoxicity, and their resident marker expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although mutation- or pathway-directed targeted therapy (e.g., using tyrosine kinase inhibitors to treat Philadelphia chromosome [Ph]-positive and Phlike B-cell-ALL) is currently available for only a minority of children with ALL, many of the newly identified molecular alterations have led to the exploration of approaches targeting deregulated cell pathways. (haematologica.org)
  • The article contains current data on modern molecular classifications of triple negative breast cancer and appropriate defects in signaling pathways as well as their assignment to distinct immunological and metabolic biomarkers. (cttjournal.com)
  • In addition, mTEC screen thymocytes for their expression of high affinity αβ-TCRs, with negative selection limiting the release of these reactive T-cells into the peripheral pool ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Such memory T cells were traditionally defined as being comprised of both central memory (T CM ) and effector memory (T EM ) subsets ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • There are many subsets of DCs with different phenotypes derived from either conventional or lymphoid lineages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Given their central role in controlling the immune response in patients with cancer, DCs are emerging as a critical cell type that must be considered as we come to understand basic cancer immunobiology. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Helper T cells play an intermediate role in the immune response. (nutritionfit.org)
  • Regulatory / suppressor T cells often play an important role in maintaining their own tolerance and avoid excessive damage to the immune response to the body. (nutritionfit.org)
  • They can inhibit T cells and B cells to regulate and control the immune response and maintain immune self-stability. (nutritionfit.org)
  • While a great deal of effort has focused on defining their role in immunity to infections, studies now reveal T RM cells as a vital component of the host immune response to cancer. (frontiersin.org)
  • Taken together, these data challenge the current view that the thymus is colonized by a lymphoid-restricted progenitor and provide evidence that a more immature precursor population with lymphoid and myelomonocytic potential is actually seeding the human postnatal thymus. (ashpublications.org)
  • Through gene knockout studies he has shown that these molecules act as a type of molecular "Teflon" to make cells more mobile and invasive and also facilitate chemotaxis. (ubc.ca)
  • Differentiating cells undergo programmed alterations in their patterns of gene expression, which are regulated by structural changes in chromatin. (nutritionfit.org)
  • We are studying the role that normal chromatin structure plays in gene regulation in hematopoietic cells and how its disruption leads to altered development and cancer. (stanford.edu)
  • Patients with ALL can have a high, normal, or low white blood cell (WBC) count, but they usually exhibit neutropenia. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, study on factors and mechanisms that limit the in vivo persistence of CAR T cells is crucial for developing strategies to reduce the probability of tumor relapse and improve the long-term disease-free survival for patients who are treated with CAR T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Patients with MDS-RS-MLD demonstrate any number of cytopenias and 2 or more dysplastic lineages. (rarediseaseadvisor.com)
  • Although human HSCs as vehicles to treat metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) has been used to treat patients with early onset MLD in a phase I/II trial, the HSCs give rise to all different blood cell lineages, such as the myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In patients having these risk factors, consolidative allo-HSCT after CAR T-cell therapy may prolong LFS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Allo-HSCT provides optimal clinical benefit in patients with MRD-negative complete remission, typically within three months after CAR T-cell therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, and most importantly, we provide recommendations for the assessment and management of r/r B-ALL patients undergoing anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • En outre, il y avait une aug- mentation significative de la forme soluble du c-kit dans le sérum des patients atteints de pemphigus vulgaire actif par rapport aux témoins. (who.int)
  • Macrophages, which are functional plasticity cells, have the ability to phagocytize and digest foreign substances and acquire pro-(M1-like) or anti-inflammatory (M2-like) phenotypes according to their microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
  • Not only do these wrap pancreatic tumours in a dense, protective layer, they also foster complex relationships with the cancerous cells: some fibroblasts may fuel tumour growth, while other may help to contain its spread. (elifesciences.org)
  • Blood film at 1000X magnification demonstrates the whole granulocytic lineage, including an eosinophil and a basophil. (medscape.com)