Response to comment "Vulnerability of pteropod (Limacina helicina) to ocean acidification: Shell dissolution occurs despite an intact organic layer" by Bednarsek et al. (bas.ac.uk)
the effect of ocean acidification was investigated using juveniles of the Arctic pteropod Limacina helicina from the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean," where they caught and extracted overwintering individuals from depths of 100 to 200 meters through a hole in the ice, which captives they then maintained at three pH levels (8.05, 7.90 and 7.75) for eight days, after which they assessed them for mortality and shell growth. (co2science.org)
Nevertheless, they discovered that the pteropods were able to extend their shells at an aragonite saturation state as low as 0.6, which led them to speculate that "the presence of a thin periostracal layer covering the calcareous surface, as shown on the Antarctic pteropod Limacina helicina antarctica (Sato-Okoshi et al . (co2science.org)
the pteropod Limacina helicina, or the hyperiid amphipod Themisto spp. (nerc.ac.uk)
By combining physical, biogeochemical, and biological time-series observations over relevant seasonal-to-interannual time scales, this study is the first to describe both the spatial and temporal variation of biological response in the pteropod Limacina helicina to estuarine acidification in association with other stressors. (c-can.info)
Pelagic4
Limacina helicina is a keystone species of mesozooplankton in Arctic pelagic ecosystems. (wikipedia.org)
We examined if phenological changes in the pteropod (pelagic snail) Limacina helicina antarctica have occurred along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, one of the most intensely warming regions on Earth, which would have important implications for regional food web dynamics. (wm.edu)
We compare physiological responses of the crustacean copepod Calanus pacificus and pelagic pteropod mollusk Limacina helicina to ocean temperatures and pH by measuring biomarkers of oxidative stress, antioxidant defences, and the activity of the respiratory electron transport system in organisms collected on the 2016 West Coast Ocean Acidification cruise in the California Current System. (news-oceanacidification-icc.org)
Snail1
Limacina helicina is a species of small swimming planktonic sea snail in the family Limacinidae, which belong to the group commonly known as sea butterflies (Thecosomata). (wikipedia.org)
Arctic7
Limacina helicina was also observed during a 1773 expedition to the Arctic led by Constantine John Phipps on the ships HMS Racehorse and on HMS Carcass and the species was described one year later, in 1774. (wikipedia.org)
Arctic and Antarctic individuals belong to two genetically distinct species: Limacina helicina in the Arctic, and Limacina antarctica in the Antarctic. (wikipedia.org)
Hunt 2010 found a 33.56% difference in cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences between the "Limacina helicina" which were collected from the Arctic and the Antarctic oceans. (wikipedia.org)
This degree of separation is sufficient for ordinal level taxonomic separation in other organisms, and provides strong evidence for the Arctic and Antarctic populations of Limacina helicina differing at least at the species level. (wikipedia.org)
Limacina helicina is the only thecosome pteropod in Arctic waters. (wikipedia.org)
The distribution of Limacina helicina is arctic and subarctic (subpolar-polar) especially in the Arctic Ocean and countries include: Northern Atlantic Ocean between 50-60 °N, Norwegian Sea, Faroe Islands, Spitsbergen, North of Iceland Greenland: Denmark Strait and Davis Strait Canada: Anticosti Island, Laurentian Channel, Magdalen Islands, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland, Strait of Belle Isle. (wikipedia.org)
Using a very unique type of physics akin to bees or fruit flies, the Arctic sea butterfly, also known as Limacina helicina , is the latest topic of conversation in the Journal of Experimental Biology. (labroots.com)
Species6
Limacina helicina is the type species of the genus Limacina. (wikipedia.org)
Limacina helicina helicina (Phipps, 1774) Limacina helicina acuta Van Der Spoel, 1967 Limacina helicina ochotensis Shkoldina, 1999 Limacina helicina pacifica Dall, 1871 Limacina helicina has been recognised as a species complex comprising two sub-species and at least five forms. (wikipedia.org)
Subspecies Limacina helicina antarctica Woodward, 1854 can be considered as a separate species Limacina antarctica Woodward, 1854. (wikipedia.org)
The spire is depressed but it can be considered rather high in comparison of other Limacina species. (wikipedia.org)
Limacina helicina is a holoplanktonic species. (wikipedia.org)
In the Fram Strait two pteropod species, Limacina helicina and Limacina retroversa, are regularly recorded. (awi.de)
Antarctica4
In addition, the taxonomic category "forma" has been applied to designate at least three morphotypes of Limacina helicina helicina (acuta, helicina and pacifica) and two morphotypes of Limacina helicina antarctica (antarctica and rangi). (wikipedia.org)
Remigio and Hebert (2003) provided initial evidence for the genetic separation of Limacina helicina helicina and Limacina helicina antarctica. (wikipedia.org)
Also there is different structure of the shell between Limacina helicina and Limacina antarctica. (wikipedia.org)
Debbie Symons: Limacina Helicina Antarctica The Butterfly Effect - ZAZ Corner from ZAZ10TS on Vimeo. (debbiesymons.com.au)
Zooplankton1
To quantify the potential impact of two flux-feeding zooplankton taxa [Aulosphaeridae (Rhizaria), and Limacina helicina (euthecosome pteropod)] and the total suspension-feeding zooplankton community, we measured depth-stratified abundances of these organisms during six cruises in the California Current Ecosystem. (fsu.edu)
Shell2
Because of the small amount of shells, a statistically relevant refinement of L. helicina shell weights was not possible. (awi.de)
Therefore, the median shell weight of L. helicina at both depths is 0.043 mg/shell. (awi.de)
Small1
In a remarkable example of convergent evolution, we show that the sea butterfly Limacina helicina 'flies' underwater in the same way that very small insects fly in the air,' the authors write in the study. (labroots.com)
Pteropod Clione limacina2
The gymnosome pteropod Clione limacina is regarded as a monophagous predator, feeding exclusively on the thecosome pteropod Limacina helicina in Arctic waters. (uit.no)
The polar pteropod Clione limacina is characterised by high quantities of lipids with ether components (1-O-alkyldiacylglycerol=DAGE) in combination with odd-chain fatty acids. (amap.no)
Dissolution1
Response to comment "Vulnerability of pteropod (Limacina helicina) to ocean acidification: Shell dissolution occurs despite an intact organic layer" by Bednarsek et al. (bas.ac.uk)
Phipps2
Limacina helicina helicina (Phipps, 1774) Limacina helicina acuta Van Der Spoel, 1967 Limacina helicina ochotensis Shkoldina, 1999 Limacina helicina pacifica Dall, 1871 Limacina helicina has been recognised as a species complex comprising two sub-species and at least five forms. (wikipedia.org)
found that different forms of the pteropod species Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774), living in the same area of the Southern Ocean, showed opposing trends in shell weight over a long-term study. (pensoft.net)
ZOOPLANKTON1
Limacina helicina" is a major component of the polar zooplankton . (dict.cc)
Pteropods1
from the Gulf of Alaska to Friday Harbor, Washington state Russia: White Sea and Novaya Zemlya, Sea of Okhotsk, Sea of Japan, Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, Kurile Islands, Commander Islands Japan: off Kasumi, Hyōgo Limacina helicina has wing-like parapodia which evolved from the original gastropod foot (as is the case in all other pteropods). (wikipedia.org)
Specimens1
Adult specimens in the genus Limacina have usually lost the operculum. (wikipedia.org)
Prey1
Therefore samples of Clione limacina and its only prey Limacina helicina will be collected by using plankton nets from small boats. (amap.no)