• Other laccases, such as those produced by the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus, play a role in the degradation of lignin, and can therefore be classed as lignin-modifying enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In particular, it has been shown that laccases can be applied to catalyze the degradation and detoxification a large range of aromatic contaminants, including azo dyes, bisphenol A and pharmaceuticals. (wikipedia.org)
  • The viability of lignin degradation depends on the availability of optimal lignin-modifying enzymes [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ] that can efficiently degrade lignin biopolymers into simpler aromatics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The microbial degradation of native lignin by basidiomyce- citrant and stable in the environment. (lu.se)
  • The degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by different algae seems to be related to the molecular structures of the compound and physiological metabolism of the algae. (omicsonline.org)
  • Based on their structures, the degradation pathway of 17ß-estradiol mediated by A. niger RG13B1 involved hydroxylation, oxidation, methylation, acetylation, and dehydrogenation, especially infrequent lactylation, and the key degradation enzymes were found in the gene cluster of A. niger. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, the transcriptional responses of B5 at different temperature by using rice straw as sole carbon sources were also analyzed, based on which the mechanism of lignocellulose degradation at high temperature was revealed that B5 could resist the heat by up-regulating the heat shock proteins (HSP) and then secrete various Carbohydrate-Active enzymes (CAZymes) to realize energy balance. (researchsquare.com)
  • Soil fungi were evaluated regarding their ability to degrade lignin-related compounds by producing the ligninolytic enzymes. (scielo.br)
  • Biochar can immobilize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). (univie.ac.at)
  • Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)
  • The lignins of the brown midrib corn stovers tested were significantly more condensed than a typical commercial corn stover and a significant finding was that pretreatment with alkaline hydrogen peroxide increases the fraction of lignins involved in condensed linkages from 88-95% to ~99% for all the corn stovers tested, which is much more than has been reported in the literature for other pretreatments. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Development of suitable enzymatic assays for characterization of putative lignin active enzymes is an important step towards improving our understanding of the catalytic activities of relevant enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For cellulosic biofuels processes, suitable characterization of the lignin remaining within the cell wall and correlation of quantified properties of lignin to cell wall polysaccharide enzymatic deconstruction is underrepresented in the literature. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The main focus of this work is to use grasses with a diverse range of lignin properties, and applying multiple lignin characterization platforms, attempt to correlate the differences in these lignin properties to the susceptibility to alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic deconstruction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bacterial metabolism selected lignin model compounds (vanillin, vanillate, 4- hydroxybenzoate, p-coumarate, benzoate, and ferulate) was carried out with three of the Pseudomonas isolates and in addition with the strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440 from a Introduction culture collection. (lu.se)
  • A Novel Dioxygenase Responsible for the Cα-Cβ Cleavage of Lignin Model Compounds from Pseudomonas sp. (jwrs.org)
  • Several aromatic compounds such as biphenyl, phenols, anysols, diaryl-ethers present in the lignin structure contribute to their irregular and recalcitrant nature. (scielo.br)
  • For example, laccases play a role in the formation of lignin by promoting the oxidative coupling of monolignols, a family of naturally occurring phenols. (wikipedia.org)
  • Lignin is a complex polyphenolic macromolecule and a mechanism of support in vegetable tissues, protecting them against the microorganisms. (scielo.br)
  • Microorganisms capable of catabolizing lignin-derived ar- carbohydrate and protein components of the organic matter omatics are essentially fungi and bacteria (Bugg et al. (lu.se)
  • 1992). Levine (1991) reported that ingested azo dyes metabolized to aromatic amines in the body by intestinal microorganisms and reductive enzymes in the liver. (ncsu.edu)
  • The enzyme has been examined as the cathode in enzymatic biofuel cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • We were able to determine that the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to to glucose ( i.e. digestibility) of four grasses with relatively diverse lignin phenotypes could be correlated to total lignin content and the content of p -hydroxycinnamates, while S/G ratios did not appear to contribute to the enzymatic digestibility or delignification. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two LMEs, laccase from the polypore mushroom Trametes versicolor , and manganese peroxidase (MnP) from white rot fungus Nematoloma frowardii , were tested for catalytic activity against the two model substrates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We show that the reaction of laccase and MnP with phenolic substrate yields products that arise from the cleavage of the carbon-carbon single bond between the α-carbon and the adjacent aryl carbon, consistent with the mechanism for producing phenoxy radical as reaction intermediates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enzyme assays of a laccase and a MnP on phenolic and nonphenolic β-aryl ether substrates revealed different primary reaction pathways due to the availability of the phenoxy radical intermediates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Wounding and UVB Light Synergistically Induce the Biosynthesis of Phenolic Compounds and Ascorbic Acid in Red Prickly Pears ( Opuntia ficus-indica cv. (mdpi.com)
  • EI-Sheekh MM, Ghareib MM, EL-Souod GW A (2011) IBiodegradation of Phenolic and Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by Some Algae and Cyanobacteria. (omicsonline.org)
  • 2005). These fungi produce sever- lected in the present study by enrichment culture, using kraft al extracellular peroxidases, laccases, and additional oxidative lignin and kraft pulping lignin-enriched streams. (lu.se)
  • Previously, we have successfully built an assay platform based on glycan substrates containing a charged perfluorinated tag and nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry to study carbohydrate active enzymes, especially various glycosyl hydrolyses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lignin is a major component of lignocellulosic biomass [ 1 ] and has the potential to be a valuable starting material for producing biofuels or high value bioproducts [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These higher order structures include considerations such as overall plant anatomy, cell wall thickness, covalent and non-covalent interactions between macromolecules (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) as well as distribution of these macromolecules within the cell wall matrix. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Laccases catalyze ring cleavage of aromatic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ability of laccases to degrade various aromatic polymers has led to research into their potential for bioremediation and other industrial applications. (wikipedia.org)
  • 16S lignin-derived mixtures of aromatic molecules. (lu.se)
  • These results contribute to a better more biomass-derived carbohydrates are also used for produc- understanding of the aromatic metabolism of P. putida in tion of chemicals, a further valorization of lignin is an essential terms of growth and uptake rates, which will be helpful for component. (lu.se)
  • The term also refers to a method of treating wastes in which activated carbon is used to remove organic compounds from wastewater. (itrcweb.org)
  • These anthropogenic Gd emissions to wastewater and, subsequently, to surface and groundwater systems can be exploited to calculate groundwater travel times and mixing ratios, identify wastewater inputs, and calibrate groundwater models. (univie.ac.at)
  • Results A lignocellulose degrading strain isolated from thermophilic compost was identified as Geobacillus stearothermophilus B5, which could secrete considerable enzymes at the optimal temperature (60°C) and pH (7.5). (researchsquare.com)
  • Increasing the value of lignin as a source of bio- based chemicals would enable new opportunities (Beckham et al. (lu.se)
  • Lignosulphonate compounds are highly hydrophilic macromolecules due to sulfonic acid content, and just a minor fraction of lignosulfonic acid is removed from the water phase by absorption onto organic carbon, sediments or water treatment. (scielo.br)
  • Our assay provides a wealth of information on bond cleavage events not available using conventional colorimetric assays and can easily be carried out in microliter volumes and the quantitative analysis of product formation and kinetics is rapidly achieved by NIMS. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Formation and Structure of Lignin in Monocotyledons II. (jwrs.org)
  • We establish a pH dependant oligomerisation pathway forming tetrameric DEC-205 using solution-based techniques and ultimately solved the 4.9 Å cryo-EM structure of the DEC-205 tetramer to identify the unfurling of the second lectin ring which enables tetramer formation. (uci.edu)
  • We seek to understand how these compounds form so we can adjust the disinfection process to prevent their formation. (stanford.edu)
  • Two β-aryl ether bond containing model lignin dimer substrates, designed to be suitable for studying the activities of lignin-modifying enzymes (LMEs) by nanostructure-initiator mass spectrometry (NIMS), were successful synthesized. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Abstract Starting from mature vegetable compost, four bac- the utilization of these bacteria as cell factories for upgrading terial strains were selected using a lignin-rich medium. (lu.se)
  • A large body of epidemiological studies has proven the bioactivities of phenolics in both standard compounds and natural extracts: namely, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities as well as reducing diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disease. (mdpi.com)
  • These results may increase the desirability of using licochalcone A as a lead compound for the design of more potent antibacterial agents based on the chalcone template. (hsp90-inhibitors.com)
  • A diverse set of enzymes and metabolic pathways currently exist that are capable of converting carbohydrates to a wide range of useful metabolites and recent progress in metabolic and protein engineering is expanding this range. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The DEC-205 monomer forms a compact structure comprising two intercalated rings of C-type lectin-like domains, where the N-terminal cysteine-rich and fibronectin domains reside at the central intersection. (uci.edu)
  • Polysaccharides within secondary cell walls are embedded within a matrix of lignin that limits their accessibility. (biomedcentral.com)
  • however, significant roadblocks exist due to our lack of detailed understanding of how lignin is enzymatically depolymerized and of the range of possible lignin fragments that can be produced. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Using in vitro and cellular techniques, we present a mVP40 assembly model highlighting two distinct oligomerization interfaces: the (N-terminal domain (NTD) and C-terminal domain (CTD)) in mVP40. (uci.edu)
  • It was found that grass cell wall polysaccharide hydrolysis by cellulolytic enzymes for grasses exhibiting a diversity of lignin structures and compositions could be linked to quantifiable changes in the composition of the cell wall and properties of the lignin including apparent content of the p -hydroxycinnamates while the limitations of S/G estimation in grasses is highlighted. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cyanide removes all copper from the enzyme, and re-embedding with type I and type II copper has been shown to be impossible. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Redlich-Peterson model was found to fit well with the data. (ncsu.edu)
  • Scendesmus obliques is able to utilize naphthalene sulphonic acids as a sulfur source for their biomass with releasing the carbon ring into the medium. (omicsonline.org)
  • This is particularly true for grasses which represent a number of promising bioenergy feedstocks where quantification of grass lignins is particularly problematic due to the high fraction of p- hydroxycinnamates. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Studies have obtained substantial compost microbiomes, yet the expressions and functions of these lignocellulolytic enzymes remains obscure. (researchsquare.com)
  • L'interaction entre les mycéliums des différents champignons de la pourriture blanche a été prise en compte comme critère d'utilisation de leurs consortiums pour dégrader le mélange de polluants dans des conditions solides. (ac.be)
  • The growth curve reflected a diauxic growth other uses for it, in particular lignosulfonates originating from when mixtures of the model compounds were used as carbon the sulfite pulping process, but the predominant technical lig- source. (lu.se)
  • This is the first time that NIMS technology was applied to study the activities of lignin-modifying enzymes. (biomedcentral.com)