Lignin derivatives. Medical search. Frequent questions

Isomer-dependent catalytic pyrolysis mechanism of the lignin model compounds catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone. (psi.ch)
Among the investigated specific compounds, lignin, lipids, and their derivatives have mean turnover times faster or similar as that of bulk SOM. (uni-bayreuth.de)
Experimentation involving sulfide exposure, aeration, and individual lignin compounds all encompass the efforts of this research. (auburn.edu)
After sequential extraction, the lignin derived compounds were fractionated into groups depending on solvent polarity. (uky.edu)
Soil fungi were evaluated regarding their ability to degrade lignin-related compounds by producing the ligninolytic enzymes. (scielo.br)
Several aromatic compounds such as biphenyl, phenols, anysols, diaryl-ethers present in the lignin structure contribute to their irregular and recalcitrant nature. (scielo.br)
Bacterial metabolism selected lignin model compounds (vanillin, vanillate, 4- hydroxybenzoate, p-coumarate, benzoate, and ferulate) was carried out with three of the Pseudomonas isolates and in addition with the strain Pseudomonas putida KT2440 from a Introduction culture collection. (lu.se)
Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)

Lignin fills the spaces in the cell wall between cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin components, especially in vascular and support tissues: xylem tracheids, vessel elements and sclereid cells. (wikipedia.org)
Wood is basically made up out of three components: cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. (kashrut.com)
The delignification of lignocellulosic biomass makes its fractions (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) susceptible to easier transformation to many different commodities like energy, chemicals, and materials that could be produced using the biorefinery concept. (encyclopedia.pub)
It mainly consists of sugar polymers (cellulose and hemicellulose) and lignin [ 2 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Lignin is one of the three primary components of LC biomass which, protects cellulose and hemicellulose by providing mechanical strength but also hydrophobic and indigestible properties to plant cell walls [ 5 ] [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
As a result of complicated structure and molecular interactions with other components like hemicellulose, dissolution of the natural lignin in wood is very complicated and money consuming procedure. (encyclopedia.pub)
Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. (bvsalud.org)

The new organosolv process of wheat straw fractionation elaborated by Compagnie Industrielle de la matiere Vegetale (France) corresponds to the biorefinery approach, which allows separating cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. (ua.pt)
Assessment of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin alone is needed, but also the identification and elucidation of linkages between those structures: the so-called lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs). (helsinki.fi)
This project aims to develop a green conversion route using enzymatic crosslinking to build a novel concept, in which tailored bi-facial "Janus" particles will be prepared from two of the most abundant, but underexploited wood-based biopolymers: lignin and hemicelluloses. (helsinki.fi)
The lignin and hemicelluloses forms a cross-linked matrix which covers the cellulose fibers and thereby forms a tight and, compact structure [ 4 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

2011). It is these ether linkages that are most susceptible to cleavage by technical kraft processes, which impart a large amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups within the structure of kraft lignins (Gierer 1980). (ncsu.edu)
The monomers in the bio-oil fractions contained primarily alkylated phenols, hydrogenated hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, syringol and guaiacol-type lignins created from reductive cleavages of ether linkages. (uky.edu)

Other examples of biopolymers include rubber, suberin, melanin and lignin. (cichlidresearch.com)

However, by fully methylating the phenolic OH groups from within the structure of softwood kraft lignin, the thermal stability of these materials was dramatically enhanced and their T g reduced. (ncsu.edu)
While optimum thermal stability and melt re-cycling was observed with the fully methylated derivatives, fully oxypropylated phenolic substitution did not offer the same possibilities. (ncsu.edu)
Chemically, lignins are polymers made by cross-linking phenolic precursors. (wikipedia.org)
To this end, lignin is the most abundant naturally occurring phenolic polymer on earth and has already been known to have antimicrobial properties due to its polyphenolic structure. (uky.edu)
The antimicrobial properties of different lignin depolymerization products were explored using a reductive and oxidative depolymerization method to produce phenolic rich lignin-based bio-oils. (uky.edu)

Lignin is a class of complex organic polymers that form key structural materials in the support tissues of most plants. (wikipedia.org)
Lignin is a collection of highly heterogeneous polymers derived from a handful of precursor lignols. (wikipedia.org)
Lignin, the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on Earth, has great potential to replace petrochemical-based polymers in the production of value-added products. (ncsu.edu)
Due to the complexed structure of cell wall microfibrils in LC biomass, the immaculate separation of celluloses and lignin resulting minimal degradation of polymers is a great challenge [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Vinu, R. Lignin Depolymerization to Guaiacol and Vanillin Derivatives via Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenolysis using Pd-Lewis Metal Oxide Supported on Activated Carbon Catalysts. (beilstein-journals.org)
Results suggest that the total monomer concentration and the presence of specific monomers (i.e., syringyl propane) may correlate to the antimicrobial activity of lignin depolymerization products, but the exact mode of action or antimicrobial activity caused by the complex mixtures of monomers and unidentified oligomers remains unclear. (uky.edu)
The resulting bio-oil had a low degree of depolymerization that mostly produced unidentifiable lignin oligomers. (uky.edu)
The ability of the bio-oil to improve ethanol yields clearly shows its efficacy as an alternative antibiotic and that depending on depolymerization method lignin derivates can display a variety of useful antimicrobial properties/applications. (uky.edu)

The polysaccharide components of plant cell walls are highly hydrophilic and thus permeable to water, whereas lignin is more hydrophobic. (wikipedia.org)

This work focused on providing a molecular understanding of the way the polymeric properties of kraft lignin and its derivatives are affected by various thermal treatments. (ncsu.edu)
This information was then correlated with the polymeric properties of the materials (glass transition temperature ( T g), molecular weight characteristics, and thermal stability) for a series of selectively and progressively derivatized softwood kraft lignin samples. (ncsu.edu)
Softwood kraft lignin was highly susceptible to thermally induced reactions that caused its molecular characteristics to be severely altered with the concomitant formation of irreversible cross-linking. (ncsu.edu)
2021). Lignin is primarily produced using pulping processes such as kraft pulping, soda pulping, and sulfite pulping (Kong et al . (ncsu.edu)
Vanillin, 4-hydroxybenzoate, and benzoate were pref- nin, kraft lignin, is almost exclusively used as a fuel in the erentially consumed first, whereas ferulate was always the last recovery boilers. (lu.se)
2005). These fungi produce sever- lected in the present study by enrichment culture, using kraft al extracellular peroxidases, laccases, and additional oxidative lignin and kraft pulping lignin-enriched streams. (lu.se)

2021. "Enhancement of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production by Co-feeding Lignin Derivatives with Glycerol in Pseudomonas putida KT2440. (pnnl.gov)

Mechanical, or high-yield pulp, which is used to make newsprint, still contains most of the lignin originally present in the wood. (wikipedia.org)
High quality paper requires the removal of lignin from the pulp. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] In sulfite pulping, lignin is removed from wood pulp as lignosulfonates, for which many applications have been proposed. (wikipedia.org)
Semichemical pulp is made by treating wood chips with sulfite or alkali in amounts and under conditions that soften the lignin but dissolve only part of it. (britannica.com)
Color reversion is the yellowing of pulp on exposure to air, heat, certain metallic ions, and fungi due to modification of residual lignin-forming chromophores. (auburn.edu)
It is clear that the chemical pulp industries globally produce about 50 million tons of lignin every year [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Purified alkali-enzymatic corn stover lignin (AEL) was depolymerized by catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis using supercritical ethanol and a Ru/C catalyst, generating a bio-oil stream at high yields. (uky.edu)

As a natural and renewable biopolymer, lignin is next only to cellulose in natural abundance, since it is an integral part of the plant cell wall. (ncsu.edu)
Lignin is the most abundant aromatic biopolymer on Earth and accounts for 20% to 40% of lignocellulose. (ncsu.edu)
Lignin is the only natural biopolymer containing aromatic phenolpropanoid monomers. (encyclopedia.pub)

It is used for specialty papers, for rayon and cellulose film production, and for cellulose derivatives, such as nitrate and acetate. (britannica.com)
The book showcases the most interesting explorations focusing on raw materials that are processed either chemically or mechanically from trees or other plants: cellulose fibres, micro- or nano-structured fibrils, cellulose derivatives, lignin, bark and wood extractives. (nextnature.net)

The crosslinking of polysaccharides by lignin is an obstacle for water absorption to the cell wall. (wikipedia.org)
An efficient low-cost technique is required to remove and recover the lignin from biomass to gain enable easier access to the biomass polysaccharides in order to produce different products from lignin [ 12 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Here we use radiocarbon dating of lignin phenols to show that plant-derived carbon carried by suspended sediment of the Mekong River is very young, having been produced within the last 18 years. (noaa.gov)

Finally, lignin also confers disease resistance by accumulating at the site of pathogen infiltration, making the plant cell less accessible to cell wall degradation. (wikipedia.org)
The microbial degradation of native lignin by basidiomyce- citrant and stable in the environment. (lu.se)

On the threshold photoelectron spectrum of fulvenone, a reactive ketene derivative in lignin valorization. (psi.ch)
In addition, lignin is considered a major waste product for lignocellulosic biorefineries, and its valorization into value-added products will generate extra profit for a biorefinery, making biofuels less expensive, increasing their marketability as an alternative to fossil fuels. (uky.edu)
These results contribute to a better more biomass-derived carbohydrates are also used for produc- understanding of the aromatic metabolism of P. putida in tion of chemicals, a further valorization of lignin is an essential terms of growth and uptake rates, which will be helpful for component. (lu.se)

Deep eutectic-like solvent-assisted isolation of lignin from Pinus densiflora and its characteristics ," BioResources 17(4), 5600-5611. (ncsu.edu)
The use of cheap and renewable bioresources, like lignin, has been attractive since the increasing depletion of fossil fuel resources is concerning level [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Lignin is a natural polymer, one that has an abundant and renewable resource in biomass. (encyclopedia.pub)

Lignin from gymnosperms (softwoods, grasses) is derived from the coniferyl alcohol, which gives rise to G upon pyrolysis. (wikipedia.org)
Catalytic pyrolysis of lignin over hierarchical HZSM-5 zeolites prepared by post-treatment with alkaline solutions. (psi.ch)
Deactivation analysis of catalyst for modified HZSM-5 catalytic lignin pyrolysis (Chinese). (psi.ch)

Lignin is present in all vascular plants, but not in bryophytes, supporting the idea that the original function of lignin was restricted to water transport. (wikipedia.org)

16S lignin-derived mixtures of aromatic molecules. (lu.se)

Therefore, ionic liquids were used in the facile preparation of cellulose-based hydrogels, and the addition of different lignocellulosic components (lignin and xylan) or the use of whole biomass (poplar and sorghum) were evaluated for their effects on hydrogel properties (mechanical and antimicrobial). (uky.edu)

The lignin of the wood is made soluble, and the fibres separate as whole fibres. (britannica.com)

Different types of lignin have been described depending on the means of isolation. (wikipedia.org)

The same AEL lignin was depolymerized through oxidative procedures using peracetic acid, and its applications as an antibiotic replacement in the fuel ethanol industry were explored. (uky.edu)

The concentrations of lignin derivatives (specifically humic substances) were hypothesized to have direct influences on sulfide color reversion. (auburn.edu)

Due to a tendency towards the use of biochemicals, the efficient utilization of lignin has gained wide attention. (encyclopedia.pub)
on the basis of an experiment using reflectance spectra of dried and ground tree leaves and the concentration of three foliar biochemicals: nitrogen, lignin and cellulose. (soton.ac.uk)

The effects of the lignin content (L%) in the initial reaction mixture (L/(L+PO) on the oxypropylation process and the properties of whole lignopolyols and L/PO copolymers were studied. (ua.pt)

lignin comprises about 1/3 of the mass of lignocellulose, the precursor to paper. (wikipedia.org)
These results indicate that the different components of lignocellulose can be used to fine tune the properties of cellulose-based hydrogels and that lignin can confer its antimicrobial properties when incorporated into hydrogels. (uky.edu)
However, lignin is difficult to extract from lignocellulose because of the recalcitrance of the latter. (ncsu.edu)
Herein, the extraction of lignin from lignocellulose using deep eutectic-like solvents (DESs) as green solvents was investigated. (ncsu.edu)

Lignin derivative (the commercial product -Protobind 2000) offered by the Granit Recherche Developement S.A. company, Lausanne-Schwitzerlandwas synthesized from annual plants. (uaiasi.ro)

Lignin is a complex polyphenolic macromolecule and a mechanism of support in vegetable tissues, protecting them against the microorganisms. (scielo.br)

Lignins are particularly important in the formation of cell walls, especially in wood and bark, because they lend rigidity and do not rot easily. (wikipedia.org)
An acidic xylan from 4% alkali soluble fraction of unretted jute bark (a hybrid derivative from intervarietal cross of Corchorus capsularis and capsularis blue seeded). (scialert.net)

Many grasses have mostly G, while some palms have mainly S. All lignins contain small amounts of incomplete or modified monolignols, and other monomers are prominent in non-woody plants. (wikipedia.org)

Lignins are typically classified according to their syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio. (wikipedia.org)

This research was a result of the collaborative project: "Role of lignin carbohydrate complexes as key to stable emulsions" (ROCK), funded by Tandem Forest Values programme by Kungliga Skogs- och Lantbruksakademien (KSLA), Sweden, and led by Assist. (helsinki.fi)
Microorganisms capable of catabolizing lignin-derived ar- carbohydrate and protein components of the organic matter omatics are essentially fungi and bacteria (Bugg et al. (lu.se)

Three types of DESs were used, and the effects of treatment temperature (100, 110, and 130 °C) and time (6, 12, and 24 h) on lignin yield and its characteristics were studied. (ncsu.edu)

Among the various reported biomass pretreatment technologies, pretreatment with ionic liquids (ILs) has shown the most feasible results, especially in a sense of lignin separation [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
Lignin separation from the LC biomass is carried out by applying various pretreatment processes [ 15 ] [ 16 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

In angiosperms (hardwoods) some of the coniferyl alcohol is converted to S. Thus, lignin in angiosperms has both G and S components. (wikipedia.org)
Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (bvsalud.org)

Abstract Starting from mature vegetable compost, four bac- the utilization of these bacteria as cell factories for upgrading terial strains were selected using a lignin-rich medium. (lu.se)

For each DES, the yield of DES-lignin increased with reaction temperature and time. (ncsu.edu)
2015). Technical lignin can be recovered from black liquor with a recovery yield of approximately 30% through regeneration by precipitation. (ncsu.edu)

Lignin constitutes 30% of terrestrial non-fossil organic carbon on Earth, and 20 to 35% of the dry mass of wood. (wikipedia.org)
This research developed an efficient analytical methodology for LCC identification, which may facilitate the study of LCC functionalities and, consequently, open novel opportunities of applications for wood-based derivatives. (helsinki.fi)

Lignin plays a crucial part in conducting water and aqueous nutrients in plant stems. (wikipedia.org)

Thermal stability studies revealed that the increased molecular weight of DES-lignin enhanced its thermal resistance. (ncsu.edu)

Much work has utilized lignin as a functional polymer in a variety of composites and materials, but their antimicrobial properties have not been as widely explored. (uky.edu)

Microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon nanotubes from tannin, lignin, and derivatives [electronic resource]. (psu.edu)
Our results demonstrate that primary-production derivatives are exported rapidly and suggest that the age of riverine lignin is similar to estimates of the residence time of terrestrial organic carbon in tropical catchments. (noaa.gov)

Thus, lignin makes it possible for the plant's vascular tissue to conduct water efficiently. (wikipedia.org)
However, the large volumes of lignin resources never been cost efficiently used [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

The required methods to separate lignin from the plant cell walls and cellulose, are quite harsh and this partially changes its native conformation [ 17 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)

Lignin was first mentioned in 1813 by the Swiss botanist A. P. de Candolle, who described it as a fibrous, tasteless material, insoluble in water and alcohol but soluble in weak alkaline solutions, and which can be precipitated from solution using acid. (wikipedia.org)

The present study's aim was tomodify commercial lignins by the reaction of hydroxymethylation (produced in alkaline medium) and epoxydation (reaction with epichlorohydrin was performed in basic catalysis, aiming at increase the functionality) and to characterize the lignin derivatives chemical, spectral (1H NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). (uaiasi.ro)
In the present work, straw lignin (L) was converted into liquid lignopolyols via a batch reaction with propylene oxide (PO). (ua.pt)
citation needed] Lignin is present in red algae, which suggest that the common ancestor of plants and red algae also synthesised lignin. (wikipedia.org)

Anatomy5

Organisms18

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment2

Phenomena and Processes6

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science2

Health Care2

Compounds8

Hemicellulose7

Hemicelluloses4

Linkages2

Biopolymers1

Phenolic5

Polymers4

Depolymerization4

Whereas lignin1

Kraft6

Pseudomonas putida KT24401

Pulp6

Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenolysis1

Biopolymer3

Cellulose derivatives2

Polysaccharides2

Phenols1

Degradation2

Valorization3

BioResources2

Abundant1

Pyrolysis3

Vascular plants1

Aromatic1

Lignocellulosic1

Fibres1

Isolation1

Oxidative1

Humic1

Biochemicals2

Oxypropylation1

Lignocellulose4

20001

Polyphenolic1

Bark2

Monomers1

Syringyl1

Carbohydrate2

Characteristics1

Biomass2

Coniferyl2

Abstract1

Yield2

Wood2

Aqueous1

Thermal1

Composites1

Carbon2

Efficiently2

Native1

Soluble1

Present3