Of these diseases, epididymitis and orchitis in rams (caused by A. seminis ), sleepy foal disease (caused by A. equuli ), porcine pleuropneumonia (caused by A. pleuropneumoniae ) and pyogranulomatous lesions of the soft tissues of the head - in particular the oral cavity or the forestomachs of cattle, sheep and goats - (caused by A. lignieresii) occur most commonly. (anipedia.org)
haemolyticus results in similar pathogenesis as A. equuli subsp. (wikipedia.org)
It was previously thought that this bacteria was limited to the species level, however it is now divided into two subspecies of Actinobacillus equuli which include: A. equuli subsp. (wikipedia.org)
equuli is non-haemolytic and CAMP negative, while A. equuli subsp. (wikipedia.org)
PCR testing that results in the presence of the RTX gene allows differentiation to be made between the two subspecies, as only A. equuli subsp. (wikipedia.org)
Specifically, A. equuli is known to cause neonatal sepsis in foals, known as Sleepy Foal Disease. (wikipedia.org)
Causative agent3
A. equuli is the causative agent in sleepy foal syndrome, which has been documented throughout the world. (wikipedia.org)
It is important to note that A. equuli does not only cause sleepy foal syndrome in foals, it is also a causative agent of pneumonia, muscular degeneration and jaundice in foals. (wikipedia.org)
Actinobacillus ligniere´sii is the causative agent of human infection. (wordinfo.info)
Haemolyticus2
Isolation of the subspecies equuli have been found in both horses and pigs, but only subspecies haemolyticus has been isolated from horses. (wikipedia.org)
A. equuli subspecies haemolyticus contain strains: T 355/87, F 92, Ac 7 F 119, F 154T, and F 490. (wikipedia.org)
Gram-negative1
Actinobacillus equuli is a gram-negative, non-motile rod bacteria from the family Pasteurellaceae. (wikipedia.org)
Horses4
A. equuli can commonly be isolated from the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity of adult healthy horses and can be important for diseases of foals, adult horses and pigs. (wikipedia.org)
Less commonly, A. equuli will cause disease in adult horses, resulting in respiratory infections. (wikipedia.org)
The characteristic of being L-arabinose positive was thought to be an important taxonomic characteristic to classify A. equuli strains from others. (wikipedia.org)
This characteristic is most marked in A. equuli, 14 but it may be lost on repeated subculture. (anipedia.org)
Isolation3
Isolation of the subspecies equuli in the UK and Australia determined that it contained strains NCTC 8529T, and I 5445/4. (wikipedia.org)
A. equuli does not have a preference for age, breed or gender, suggesting that husbandry practices may play a role in isolation frequency. (wikipedia.org)
Actinobacillus colonies are small, greyish and may be 'sticky' on primary isolation. (anipedia.org)
Pigs1
A. equuli also has the capability to cause kidney damage, arthritis and septicemia in affected pigs. (wikipedia.org)
Commonly1
Occasionally, humans can become infected with A. equuli, more commonly as a result from destruction to the skin barrier, such as a horse bite. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria1
The 16S rRNA gene for A. equuli is AF381186, this helps classification of the bacteria to the species level but not to the subspecies level. (wikipedia.org)
Diseases2
Due to these diseases and conditions, A. equuli can result in great economic losses especially in the equine industry. (wikipedia.org)
Actinobacillus lignieresii" infects cattle and sheep while " actinobacillosis Equuli" infects horses and pigs. (wordinfo.info)
Arthritis and septicemia1
A. equuli also has the capability to cause kidney damage, arthritis and septicemia in affected pigs. (wikipedia.org)
Infections2
Less commonly, A. equuli will cause disease in adult horses, resulting in respiratory infections. (wikipedia.org)
The natural host of A equuli is the horse, and infections are seen in both foals and adult horses. (msdvetmanual.com)
Infection1
Important risk factors for foals acquiring an infection with A. equuli include failure of passive transfer, unsanitary foaling environments, and the presence of immunosuppressive conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Tongue1
A lignieresii causes tumorous abscesses of the tongue, usually referred to as wooden tongue . (msdvetmanual.com)
Occasionally1
Occasionally, humans can become infected with A. equuli, more commonly as a result from destruction to the skin barrier, such as a horse bite. (wikipedia.org)
Disease1
Specifically, A. equuli is known to cause neonatal sepsis in foals, known as Sleepy Foal Disease. (wikipedia.org)