• Murine T10 and T22 are highly related nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ib proteins that bind to certain gammadelta T cell receptors (TCRs) in the absence of other components. (rcsb.org)
  • Click on one of the subfamilies of IgSF or TNFRSF co-signaling receptors shown in the Explore Pathways box below to see how the different members of each family affect T cell activation. (rndsystems.com)
  • The application is cell:cell communication and receptors where there is no known conformation change, but possessing short ectodomains. (cam.ac.uk)
  • In these regions small receptors get trapped by binding to their ligands. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Drosophila melanogaster presents a simpler model system in which to study FGF signaling, with only three ligands and two FGF receptors (FGFRs) identified. (biologists.com)
  • Most Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have N-terminal signal peptides and are secreted from cells, allowing binding to and activation of their cell surface receptors (FGFRs). (biologists.com)
  • ErbB receptors comprise a family of four RTKs (EGFR/ErbB1, Her2/ErbB2, Her3/ErbB3 and Her4/ErbB4) with important roles in normal cell physiology and in cancer 1 . (nature.com)
  • Paired receptors on NK cells have the ability to recognize similar ligands with varied strength of binding ability and perform different functions. (nih.gov)
  • These paired receptors, called CD300 molecules, are emerging as novel immune regulators in health and disease due to their interaction with their lipid-nature ligands. (nih.gov)
  • Our results provide an insight into a novel set of paired receptors CD300a and CD300c that are distinctively expressed on CD56bright NK cells with varied effector functions. (nih.gov)
  • Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are single-pass cell surface receptors that have inhibitory activities on immune cells. (mdpi.com)
  • The second signal is delivered via the co-stimulatory receptors upon recognition of their ligands on antigen presenting cells. (usherbrooke.ca)
  • These receptors are present on phagocytic cells, mast cells, and lung epithelial and smooth muscle cells. (medscape.com)
  • A large group of structurally diverse cell surface receptors that mediate endocytic uptake of modified LIPOPROTEINS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Scavenger receptors are expressed by MYELOID CELLS and some ENDOTHELIAL CELLS, and were originally characterized based on their ability to bind acetylated LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS. (bvsalud.org)
  • Certain scavenger receptors can internalize micro-organisms as well as apoptotic cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • RÉSUMÉ L'objectif de l'étude était d'évaler l'importance clinique du ligand de CD40 soluble (sCD40L) chez des patients atteints d'un carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) associé au virus de l'hépatite C (VHC). (who.int)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: CD40 ligand is essential for generation of specific cytotoxic T cell responses in RNA-pulsed dendritic cell immunotherapy. (duke.edu)
  • Activation of DC surface CD40 influences DC cytokine production, particularly that of interleukin (IL)-12, which favors a Th1 (cytotoxic) helper T cell response. (duke.edu)
  • This study evaluated the effects of exogenous soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) on RNA-transfected DC preparations and their subsequent ability to generate antimelanoma cytolytic T cells. (duke.edu)
  • According to the kinetic proofreading model, antigen discrimination properties could be explained by the gradual amplification of small differences in binding affinities as the signal is transduced downstream of the T cell receptor. (nature.com)
  • Here, we used time-resolved high-throughput proteomic analyses to identify and quantify the phosphorylation events and protein-protein interactions encoding T cell ligand discrimination in antigen-experienced T cells. (nature.com)
  • DCs transfected with tumor-associated antigens are capable of stimulating antigen-specific T cells, but cytolytic responses have been disappointing. (duke.edu)
  • Abstract : The activation of naive CD8[superscript +]T cells by an antigen requires two different signals. (usherbrooke.ca)
  • Recent work from our laboratory has shown that with the homeostatic cytokines IL-7 and IL-15 synergize with IL-21 to induce antigen-independent proliferation of naive CD8[superscript +]T cells. (usherbrooke.ca)
  • Moreover, this cytokine-driven, antigen-independent proliferation "sensitizes" or "primes" naive CD8[superscript +] T cells to undergo robust proliferation in response to limiting concentrations of their cognate antigens. (usherbrooke.ca)
  • Copresentation of antigen and ligands of Siglec-G induces B cell tolerance independent of CD22. (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 3 ] Thus, it enhances and prolongs antigen signaling on B cells. (medscape.com)
  • Anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) are distinguished from other lymphomas by their anaplastic cytology and constant membrane expression of the CD30 antigen (an activation marker for B or T cells). (medscape.com)
  • ALCL was recognized in 1985, when tumor cells consistently demonstrated labeling by the monoclonal antibody Ki-1, a marker later shown to recognize the CD30 antigen. (medscape.com)
  • To determine the role of each ligand in zebrafish, we performed a series of ex vivo and in vivo gain- and loss-of-function experiments. (nih.gov)
  • To examine the role of each ligand in supporting activation of the Htl FGFR, we utilize genetic approaches that focus on the earliest stages of embryonic development. (biologists.com)
  • The aim of this study is to explore the diagnostic role of soluble Fas ligand secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with previous drug-induced blistering diseases with or without stimulation with the offend-ing drug. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Taken as a group, PBMCs from the patient group secreted more soluble Fas ligand than the normal control group regardless of drug stimulation. (medicaljournals.se)
  • These results indicate that individuals whose PBMCs are high secretors of soluble Fas ligand are prone to severe toxic epidermal necrolysis/Stevens-Johnson syndrome. (medicaljournals.se)
  • The possibility of using soluble Fas ligand secretion as a tool for retrospective determination of culprit drugs in patients with previous drug-induced blistering disease awaits further investigation. (medicaljournals.se)
  • Soluble Fas ligand is generated by cleaving membrane-bound FasL at a conserved cleavage site by the external matrix metalloproteinase MMP-7. (wikipedia.org)
  • DcR3 is a soluble receptor that has no signal transduction capabilities (hence a "decoy") and functions to prevent FasR-FasL interactions by competitively binding to membrane-bound Fas ligand and rendering them inactive. (wikipedia.org)
  • We developed an unbiased approach to identify human γδ T cells ligands by the production of a soluble TCR-γδ (sTCR-γδ) tetramer from a synovial Vδ1 γδ T cell clone from a Lyme arthritis patient. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Jalali et al reported that levels of soluble programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) ligands are elevated in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia and, in addition to surface-bound ligands in bone marrow, could regulate T-cell function. (medscape.com)
  • Allergens, in a liquid format, are covalently bound to a soluble polymer/copolymer matrix, which in turn is labeled with a ligand - the same ligand used for coating the reaction wells. (cdc.gov)
  • Fas forms the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) upon ligand binding. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study is the first to show that VALD-3 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicating that it could be a potential drug for the treatment of breast cancer. (researchsquare.com)
  • Its binding with Fas receptor (FasR) induces programmed cell death in the FasR-carrying target cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Enforced ligation of CD22 and the BCR by a nanoparticle displaying both Ag and CD22 ligands induces a tolerogenic circuit resulting in apoptosis of the Ag-reactive B cell . (bvsalud.org)
  • The kinetic proofreading model postulates that TCR ligand discrimination is due to several signaling steps that introduce a delay between ligand binding and T cell activation. (nature.com)
  • This implies that the pMHC ligand dwell time on the TCR determines the probability of completing a series of signaling events leading to T cell activation 5 . (nature.com)
  • This is consistent with reports that the slow phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of the Lat adaptor associates with recruitment and activation of the phospholipase Plcγ1, thereby constituting an important kinetic bottleneck for ligand discrimination 11 . (nature.com)
  • In particular, it is unclear whether ligand affinity uniformly affects the different signaling pathways involved in T cell activation. (nature.com)
  • Here we analyze the specificity of FGFR [Heartless (Htl) and Breathless (Btl)]activation by each of the FGF ligands [Pyramus (Pyr), Thisbe (Ths) and Branchless (Bnl)] in Drosophila . (biologists.com)
  • VALD-3 also regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, inhibiting the activation of downstream molecules. (researchsquare.com)
  • Activation with a specific monoclonal antibody targeting CD300c enhances the proficiency of CD56bright NK cells to degranulate and induce chemokine and cytokine secretion. (nih.gov)
  • Some reports have suggested that the extrinsic Fas pathway is sufficient to induce complete apoptosis in certain cell types through DISC assembly and subsequent caspase-8 activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its functions include: T-cell homeostasis: the activation of T-cells leads to their expression of the Fas ligand. (wikipedia.org)
  • T cells are initially resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis during clonal expansion, but become progressively more sensitive the longer they are activated, ultimately resulting in activation-induced cell death (AICD). (wikipedia.org)
  • We further observed that whereas fresh monocytes and T cells expressed low to negligible levels of TCR-γδ ligands, activation of these cells resulted in upregulation of surface ligand expression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cette activation "sensibilise" les cellules à proliférer en réponse à une concentration sub-optimale de l'antigène spécifique au TCR. (usherbrooke.ca)
  • Not only is inhibition of B cell activation observed by ligating the BCR with Siglec -G, but robust tolerance toward T-independent and T-dependent Ags is also induced in mice . (bvsalud.org)
  • The ability of Siglec -G to inhibit B cell activation equally in both B1 and B2 subsets is consistent with our observation that Siglec -G is expressed at a relatively constant level throughout numerous B cell subsets . (bvsalud.org)
  • Humans and mice with deleterious mutations of Fas or Fas ligand develop an accumulation of aberrant T-cells, leading to lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and lupus erythematosus. (wikipedia.org)
  • T cells within a certain range of high avidity for their cognate ligand are believed to be most effective. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Finally, combining cetuximab and a Src inhibitor produced an additive effect on the inhibition of EIS cell line growth. (preprints.org)
  • We demonstrate that PCNA promotes cancer survival by immune evasion through inhibition of NKp44-mediated NK cell attack. (bgu.ac.il)
  • Surface TCR-γδ ligand was eliminated by treatment with trypsin or removal of glycosaminoglycans, and also suppressed by inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Of particular interest was that inhibition of glycolysis also blocked TCR-γδ ligand expression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using blocking antibodies, we demonstrate that the inhibition of T cell proliferation occurs through cell-to-cell interactions implicating PD-1 receptor expressed on T cells and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, on fibroblasts. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • Dual PD-1 ligand neutralization is required to abrogate (i) binding of the PD-1-Fc fusion protein, (ii) early apoptosis of T cells, and (iii) inhibition of T cell proliferation. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the ErbB family that can promote the migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells. (uzh.ch)
  • The CYT2 variant, but not the CYT1 variant, protected EGFR from ligand-induced degradation by competing with EGFR for binding to a complex containing the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl and the adaptor Grb2. (uzh.ch)
  • Cultured breast cancer cells overexpressing both EGFR and ErbB4 CYT2 mICD exhibited increased migration. (uzh.ch)
  • In contrast, EGFR ligand-induced CD44 expression was reduced by EGFR inhibitors, AG1478 and lapatinib, respectively. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Interestingly, we observed that EGFR ligand-induced CD44 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression was reduced by silibinin treatment in a dose-dependent manner. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Here, we also studied the effect of silibinin on EGFR ligand-induced CD44 expression, which is a hallmark of metastasis in various cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the effect of silibinin on EGFR signaling pathway and EGF ligand-induced CD44 expression in breast cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)
  • non-canonical EGFR-Met interactions are implicated in resistance to anti-cancer drugs but have not been previously detected in drug-naïve cells. (nature.com)
  • Here we exploit the multiplexing capabilities of Exchange-PAINT, a multiplexed variant of DNA-PAINT 14 , to image simultaneously five RTKs (EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, IGF-1R and Met) at endogenous levels of expression in BT20 cancer cells and to examine how receptor distribution changes following ligand stimulation. (nature.com)
  • By using machine learning and subsequent biochemical validation we detect ligand-dependent, non-canonical interaction of EGFR and Met. (nature.com)
  • This study investigates differences in the effects on cell growth of cetuximab and EGFR TKI AG1478 at the molecular level using oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines. (preprints.org)
  • First, we found that there were EGFR-inhibitor sensitive (EIS) and EGFR-inhibitor resistant cell lines. (preprints.org)
  • The EIS cell lines expressed not only EGFR but also ErbB3, and both were clearly phosphorylated. (preprints.org)
  • EGFR ligand treatment increased the levels of phosphorylated EGFR but not phosphorylated ErbB3. (preprints.org)
  • Prenatal DES exposure caused thymic atrophy, apoptosis, and up-regulation of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) expression in thymocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The antitumor effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in gliomas has thus far only been thoroughly established in tumor cell lines. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We isolated primary tumor cells from 13 astrocytoma and oligoastrocytoma patients of all four WHO grades of malignancy and compared the levels of TRAIL-induced apoptosis induction, long-term tumor cell survival, caspase, and caspase target cleavage. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Hoechst 33258 staining was performed to determine if VALD-3 induced apoptosis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and Annexin V/PI staining was performed to quantify the percentages of apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
  • Flow cytometry analysis showed that VALD-3 triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • This trimerization usually leads to apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (wikipedia.org)
  • These cells are dubbed Type 1 cells and are characterized by the inability of anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family (namely Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) to protect from Fas-mediated apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Apoptosis triggered by Fas-Fas ligand binding plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Herein, we demonstrate that foreskin fibroblasts (FFs) potently inhibit CD3 T cell proliferation through a mechanism involving early apoptosis of activated T cells. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • In contrast, carcinoma-associated fibroblasts appear PD-1 ligand-depleted through MMP activity that may impair physical deletion of exhausted defective memory T cells through apoptosis and facilitate their regulatory functions. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • Although low-affinity ligands induced phosphorylation of the Cd3 chains of the T cell receptor and the interaction of Cd3 with the Zap70 kinase as strongly as high-affinity ligands, they failed to activate Zap70 to the same extent. (nature.com)
  • We defined quantitative signatures of ligand affinity based on protein phosphorylation and protein-protein interaction (PPI) stoichiometry for critical molecular events associated with TCR signaling. (nature.com)
  • Stimulation of DCs with CCR7 ligands induced phosphorylation of MAPK family members and of Akt, but only a specific PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, not inhibitors of ERK, JNK, or p38, decreased IL-23p19 transcription and IL-23 production. (listlabs.com)
  • The sTCR-γδ was used in flow cytometry to initially define the spectrum of ligand expression by both human tumor cell lines and certain human primary cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Analysis of diverse tumor cell lines revealed high ligand expression on several of epithelial or fibroblast origin, whereas those of hematopoietic origin were largely devoid of ligand. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Small differences in binding kinetics between TCR ligands lead to marked differences in T cell effector function and differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Cytokine-primed CD8[superscript +]T cells also abundantly produce effector cytokines, such as TNF? (usherbrooke.ca)
  • Nous avons montré qu'une pré-stimulation avec PIL-21 en présence de l'IL-7 ou l'IL-15, les cellules P14 acquièrent la capacité de répondre vigoureusement à des ligands peptidiques modifiés qui montrent une faible activité agoniste envers les cellules P14 naives. (usherbrooke.ca)
  • However, in response to homeostatic pressure, as in lymphopenia, naive T cells undergo proliferation without antigenic stimulation through a process referred to as lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP). (usherbrooke.ca)
  • The experiments consist of kinetic (time- kinetic data is typically not sufficient to constrain the course) measurements after TGF-b stimulation under differ- parameter values to a single optimal solution, and multiple ent conditions: untreated cells and three cases in which parameter sets can explain the available data. (lu.se)
  • We stained a tissue microarray consisting of 170 patients, including 72 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCAs), 57 perihilar cholangiocarcinomas (pCCAs) and 41 distal cholangiocarcinomas (dCCAs) by immunohistochemistry and evaluated PD-L1 positivity in tumor and stromal cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accordingly, highest PD-L1 positivity rates of stromal cells with 31% in iCCA, 40% in pCCA and 61% in dCCA were detected for clone SP263. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A novel regulation of PD-1 ligands on mesenchymal stromal cells through MMP-mediated proteolytic cleavage. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • T cells recognize a few high-affinity antigens among a vast array of lower affinity antigens. (nature.com)
  • As a result, formation of the signalosome of the Lat adaptor was severely impaired with low- compared with high-affinity ligands, whereas formation of the signalosome of the Cd6 receptor was affected only partially. (nature.com)
  • In this article, we report the development of a selective high-affinity ligand for Siglec -G and its application as a chemical tool to investigate the tolerogenic potential of Siglec -G. We find that liposomal nanoparticles decorated with Ag and Siglec -G ligand inhibit BCR signaling in both B1 and B2 B cells compared with liposomes displaying Ag alone. (bvsalud.org)
  • The present study used in vitro expression systems to investigate interactions of members of the KDN series with δ-κ heterodimers through competition binding using selective ligands and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) assay. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In this work we synthesized 18 biphenylic carboxamides as new CB2-selective ligands and evaluated their pharmacological profiles. (nih.gov)
  • Since its discovery in 2000, initial in vitro studies have found that the engagement of Siglec-8 with a monoclonal antibody or with selective polyvalent sialoglycan ligands induced the cell death of eosinophils and inhibited mast cell degranulation. (mdpi.com)
  • Whether Siglec -G also has this property has not been investigated in large part owing to the lack of a selective Siglec -G ligand . (bvsalud.org)
  • When DES-induced transcription factors were analyzed, estrogen receptor element (ERE), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT), and activator protein-1 motifs on the Fas promoter, as well as ERE, NF-κB, and NF-AT motifs on the FasL promoter, showed binding affinity with the transcription factors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The levels of CD44 mRNA and protein expression were greatly increased by EGF and by TGF-α in SKBR3 and BT474 breast cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)
  • Fas ligand (FasL or CD95L or CD178) is a type-II transmembrane protein expressed on cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fas ligand or FasL is a homotrimeric type II transmembrane protein that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family. (wikipedia.org)
  • In most cell types, caspase-8 catalyzes the cleavage of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bid into its truncated form, tBid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, removal of intact α 6 protein from cerebellar granule cells allowed perturbations in other subunit levels to be studied. (jneurosci.org)
  • Recently, a novel class of small molecules was developed to inhibit the association of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) with its receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Prolia works by blocking a protein called RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa beta) and helps prevent bone cells called osteoclasts from breaking down bone in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To further address the role of kitlga and kitlgb in hematopoietic development in vivo, we performed gain-of-function experiments in zebrafish embryos, showing that both ligands cooperate with erythropoietin (Epo) to promote erythroid cell expansion. (nih.gov)
  • In summary, using optimized suspension culture conditions with recombinant cytokines (Epo, Kitlga), we report, for the first time, ex vivo suspension cultures of zebrafish hematopoietic progenitor cells that can serve as an indispensable tool to study normal and aberrant hematopoiesis in zebrafish. (nih.gov)
  • These data indicate that koff rate measurements can improve the predictability of adoptive immunotherapy and provide diagnostic information on the in vivo quality of T cells. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Anti-Siglec-8 antibody administration in vivo to humanized and transgenic mice selectively expressing Siglec-8 on mouse eosinophils and mast cells confirmed the in vitro findings, and identified additional anti-inflammatory effects. (mdpi.com)
  • In this study, we assessed the capacity of a panel of toxicologically relevant chemicals to modulate BFCOD activity in fish, by using in vitro and in vivo bioassays based on fish liver cell lines (PLHC-1, ZFL, RTL-W1) and zebrafish embryos, respectively. (hal.science)
  • In contrast, dioxins and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) strongly induced BFCOD activity (up to 30-fold) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, both in vitro in all cell lines and in vivo in zebrafish embryos. (hal.science)
  • As a model system, we studied brain microvascular endothelial cells, which form the anatomical basis of the blood-brain barrier, and the tripeptide glutathione, one of the most effective targeting ligands of nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier. (holoeye.com)
  • To investigate this initial docking step between glutathione and the membrane of living brain endothelial cells, we applied our recently developed innovative optical method. (holoeye.com)
  • We present a microtool, with a task-specific geometry used as a probe, actuated by multifocus optical tweezers to characterize the adhesion probability and strength of glutathione-coated surfaces to the cell membrane of endothelial cells. (holoeye.com)
  • 1 , 2 P- and E-selectin, expressed on activated platelets and/or endothelial cells, bind to ligands on leukocytes. (ashpublications.org)
  • L-selectin, expressed on leukocytes, binds to ligands on some endothelial cells and on other leukocytes. (ashpublications.org)
  • We present a rate equation model for the TGF-b pathway in endothelial cells together with novel measurements. (lu.se)
  • endothelial cells. (lu.se)
  • LIP des lymphocytes T CD8+ naïfs nécessite IL-7, et un peptide du soi présenté pas le CMH de classe I. Des travaux récents de notre laboratoire ont montré que les cytokines homéostatiques IL-7 et IL-15 peuvent agir en synergie avec IL-21 et induire une prolifération antigène-indépendante des cellules CD8+ naives. (usherbrooke.ca)
  • The first signal is mediated via the T cell receptor (TCR) following its interaction with the peptide presented on class-I major histocompability complex (MHC-I) molecules. (usherbrooke.ca)
  • LIP of naive CD8[superscript +] T cells requires IL-7 and a self peptide presented by MHC-I, which implies that TCR signaling is needed for LIP of naive CD8[superscript +]T cells. (usherbrooke.ca)
  • DC IL-12 secretion and the ability to stimulate naïve T cells were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), tetramer analysis, Elispot, and (51)Cr release assay. (duke.edu)
  • The sTCR-γδ tetramer was then used to bind candidate ligands from lysates of activated monocytes and analyzed by mass spectrometry. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Their interaction inhibits NK cell function through NKp44/ITIM. (bgu.ac.il)
  • The physical interaction of NKp44 and PCNA is enabled by recruitment of target cell PCNA to the NK immunological synapse. (bgu.ac.il)
  • One vial containing 420 mg of trastuzumab, a humanised IgG1 monoclonal antibody produced by mammalian (Chinese hamster ovary) cell suspension culture and purified by chromatography including specific viral inactivation and removal procedures. (who.int)
  • Mutations in the DSL (Delta, Serrate, Lag2) Notch (N) ligand Delta-like (Dll) 3 cause skeletal abnormalities in spondylocostal dysostosis, which is consistent with a critical role for N signaling during somitogenesis. (rupress.org)
  • PMID:18786442 mutations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • Furthermore, these FGF ligands are not regulated solely by differential expression, but the sequences of these linked genes have evolved to serve different functions. (biologists.com)
  • Here, we investigated the effect of silibinin (a polyphenolic flavonolignan of the herbal plant of Silybum marianum, milk thistle) on the epidermal growth factor (EGF) ligand-induced CD44 expression in human breast cancer cells. (iiarjournals.org)
  • In a previous study, we also reported that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced MMP-9 expression is inhibited by silibinin through inactivation of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway ( 6 ), as well as augmenting the cell cycle arrest at the G 2 /M phase through the induction of p21 and the reduction of cyclin B1 in breast cancer cells ( 7 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • The expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and anti-apoptotic proteins in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells was investigated by Western blotting. (researchsquare.com)
  • In the current study, we seek to investigate the expression and function of CD300c on human NK cells. (nih.gov)
  • We demonstrate that expression of CD300c is uniquely induced on CD56bright NK cells upon treatment with either IL-2 or IL-15. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, we specifically demonstrate that IL-2 secreted from activated CD4+ T cells is responsible for the expression of CD300c on CD56bright NK cells. (nih.gov)
  • For PD-L1 antibody clone SP263, 5% of iCCAs, 4% of pCCAs and 3% of dCCAs exhibited PD-L1 expression on tumor cells, thereby showing the highest frequencies of PD-L1 positivity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Statistical analyses of PD-L1 expression (clone SP263) on tumor cells with clinicopathological data revealed a positive correlation with shortened overall survival in CCA patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These findings demonstrate the spectrum of ligand(s) expression for human synovial Vδ1 γδ T cells as well as the physiology that regulates their expression. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Of utmost importance, we provide the first evidence that PD-1 ligand expression is regulated through proteolytic cleavage by endogenous matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) without transcriptional alteration during culture-time. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • We confirmed the expression of CCR4 on both CD4+ T cells and ILC2, comparatively. (cdc.gov)
  • CR2 binds C3dg, and C3d is present on B cells and dendritic cells (see the Table 1). (medscape.com)
  • Evidence suggests that C1q binds a receptor present on phagocytic cells, termed C1qRP. (medscape.com)
  • The standard form of CD44 is usually ubiquitously expressed on epithelial cells and lymphocytes, but inclusion of one or more of 10 variant exons produces tissue-specific multiple variant isoforms (CD44v2-v10) by alternate mRNA splicing ( 9 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • Nucleic acid ligands against important targets in infectious, malignant and vascular diseases are continually being discovered by the process of in vitro evolution. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Ribosome and mRNA display methods for isolating polypeptide aptamers from highly complex libraries have been developed and have the potential to widen the target range and utility of in vitro evolved ligands. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To examine the mechanism underlying DES-mediated regulation of Fas and FasL, we performed luciferase assays using T cells transfected with luciferase reporter constructs containing full-length Fas or FasL promoters. (aspetjournals.org)
  • There was shift in mobility of probes (ERE or NF-κB2) of both Fas and FasL in the presence of nuclear proteins from DES-treated cells, and the shift was specific to DES because these probes failed to shift their mobility in the presence of nuclear proteins from vehicle-treated cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Docking of nanoparticles by targeting ligands on cell membranes is the first step for the initiation of cellular uptake. (holoeye.com)
  • The holographic optical tweezers-directed functionalized microtools may help characterize the adhesion step of nanoparticles initiating transcytosis and select ligands to target nanoparticles. (holoeye.com)
  • Fas ligand/receptor interactions play an important role in the regulation of the immune system and the progression of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • C3b and C4b bind to CR1, which is present on various phagocytes and also on erythrocytes and B cells. (medscape.com)
  • Murine leukocytes are thought to express α2-3-sialylated and α1-3-fucosylated selectin ligands such as sialyl Lewis x (sLe x ), although monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to sLe x or Le x reportedly do not bind to murine leukocytes. (ashpublications.org)
  • CSLEX-1, HECA-452, and other widely used mAbs to sLe x and Le x did not bind to WEHI-3 cells and bound at very low levels to murine neutrophils. (ashpublications.org)
  • Nevertheless, forced fucosylation of intact cells did not significantly augment their ability to bind to fluid-phase P- or E-selectin or to roll on immobilized P- or E-selectin under flow. (ashpublications.org)
  • They can also bind a variety of other polyanionic ligand. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our analysis indicated that ligand affinity differentially affected signaling pathways associated with specific kinases and biological processes. (nature.com)
  • Kit ligand (Kitlg) is pleiotropic cytokine with a prominent role in vertebrate erythropoiesis. (nih.gov)
  • Here we show that prion replication in the GALT and subsequent neuroinvasion was independent of B cells within the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue and that the remaining M 6H05 cells are most likely important for this process. (kinasechem.com)
  • HIV preferentially infects and replicates in cells expressing the CD4 molecule, the ligand for viral attachment and subsequent cell entry (1). (cdc.gov)
  • These defects lead to abnormal neutrophil, macrophage, and T-cell and B-cell adhesion to vascular endothelium and subsequent migration into infectious sites. (medscape.com)
  • Their cleavage by exogenous MMP-9 and MMP-13 with loss of PD-1 binding domain resulted in the reversion of apoptotic signals on mitogen-activated CD3 T cells. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • Consistent with very low endogenous fucosylation, forced fucosylation of intact WEHI-3 cells or murine neutrophils by exogenous α1-3-fucosyltransferase FTVI and GDP-fucose created many new epitopes for anti-sLe x mAbs such as HECA-452 and CSLEX-1. (ashpublications.org)
  • We suggest that MMP-dependent cleavage of PD-1 ligands on fibroblasts may limit their immunosuppressive capacity and thus contribute to the exacerbation of inflammation in tissues. (crcm-marseille.fr)
  • In embryos, these functions include mesoderm induction and patterning, cell growth, migration and differentiation. (biologists.com)
  • 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-test was used to observe the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells induced on VALD-3. (researchsquare.com)
  • These cells can participate in inflammatory responses by releasing mediators that attract or activate other cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • Yet, characterization of the emergence of differences in signaling events triggered by ligands with different affinities along the TCR signaling cascade remains incomplete. (nature.com)
  • A first evaluation of this method on distinct human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cell populations revealed unexpected differences in the koff rates. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Ligand-specific differences in membrane trafficking of the GLP-1R influence its signalling properties and therapeutic potential in type 2 diabetes. (cam.ac.uk)
  • Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling controls a vast array of biological processes including cell differentiation and migration, wound healing and malignancy. (biologists.com)
  • Experiments were performed in primary islet cells, INS-1 832/3 clonal beta cells and HEK293 cells, using biorthogonal labelling of GLP-1R to determine its localisation and degradation after treatment with GLP-1, exendin-4 and several further GLP-1R agonist peptides. (cam.ac.uk)
  • In contrast to cell lines, isolated primary tumor cells from all investigated glioma patients were highly TRAIL resistant. (aacrjournals.org)
  • risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • Arbyn M, Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, Martin-Hirsch squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)
  • A study by Pasricha et al found that bone marrow features, particularly the degree of plasma cell infiltration, correlates with IgM paraprotein concentration at diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of VALD-3, a Schiff base ligand synthesized from o-vanillin derivatives, on human breast cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
  • PD-L1 is expressed on tumor cells and interacts with PD-1 on cytotoxic T-cells, leading to reduced T-cell function and thereby lower anti-tumor activity of the host's immune system [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As therapeutic compounds become available to enhance migration, as in the case of tumor infiltrating cytotoxic immune cells, or to inhibit migration, perhaps in the case of autoimmune diseases where immunopathology is of concern, this method can be used as a screening tool. (cdc.gov)
  • Together, the current study demonstrates that prenatal exposure to DES triggers significant alterations in apoptotic molecules expressed on thymocytes, which may affect T-cell differentiation and cause long-term effects on the immune functions. (aspetjournals.org)
  • This process is needed to prevent an excessive immune response and eliminate autoreactive T-cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • NK cells play an important role in the early immune response to cancer. (bgu.ac.il)
  • Anti-PD-L1 therapy prevents cancer cells from evading the immune system and has emerged as a new treatment option in several cancer entities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These mice are well-suited to dissect the function of mucosa-associated immune system tissues as a result, including B cells, in the pathogenesis of enterically-initiated prion disease. (kinasechem.com)
  • Lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system can eradicate tumor cells. (lu.se)
  • For this they need to be activated by cells of the innate immune system. (lu.se)
  • All these mechanisms are mediated by innate immune cells. (lu.se)
  • Sixty percent of cases express 1 or more T-cell antigens (CD3 + , CD43, or CD45RO). (medscape.com)
  • 8 That is perhaps because B lymphocytes stimulate maturation of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) by giving tumor necrosis aspect- (TNF-) and lymphotoxin / (LT/) trimers to lymphoid organs. (kinasechem.com)
  • Although such swabs are likely to be contaminated with lymphocytes from the tonsils or pharynx, the authors noted that the virus was also found in cell-free supernatants. (cdc.gov)
  • The NKp44 activating receptor is the only natural cytotoxicity receptor that is expressed exclusively by primate NK cells, yet its cellular ligands remain largely unknown. (bgu.ac.il)
  • Les concentrations sériques de sCD40L circulant et d'interleukine 10 circulante ont été analysées à l'aide de la méthode immuno-enzymatique chez 30 patients positifs pour le VHC avec un CHC, chez 30 patients patients positifs pour le VHC avec une cirrhose du foie, et chez 30 volontaires d'âge correspondant en bonne santé avec des anticorps anti-VHC négatifs servant de groupe témoin. (who.int)
  • It signals through trimerization of FasR, which spans the membrane of the target cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Membrane-anchored Fas ligand trimer on the surface of an adjacent cell causes trimerization of Fas receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nine-coordinated lanthanide metal complexes were assembled onto a nanocrystalline TiO 2 film to form co-sensitized photoelectrodes with N719 for dye-sensitized solar cells, and their photoelectrochemical performance was studied. (psu.edu)
  • The AlaSTAT Microplate Allergen-Specific IgE system is an enzyme-labeled immunometric assay, based on liquid allergen complexes, monoclonal antibodies, and separation by ligand-coated wells. (cdc.gov)
  • Ligand-labeled allergen complexes and a patient sample are pipetted into ligand-coated wells and then incubated for 1 hour. (cdc.gov)
  • Addition of a multivalent anti-ligand creates a bridge between the allergen/IgE complexes and the ligand-coated wells during the second 1-hour incubation. (cdc.gov)
  • Lack of understanding of the nature and physiological regulation of γδ T cell ligands has considerably hampered full understanding of the function of these cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • therefore, we have analyzed domains and individual amino acids in the cytoplasmic region of the rat GHR required for ligand-mediated receptor internalization, receptor down-regulation, and transcriptional signaling. (ku.dk)
  • Receptor down-regulation in transiently transfected COS-7 cells was also dependent upon the phenylalanine 346 residue of the GHR, since no GH-induced down-regulation was observed in cells expressing the F346A GHR mutant. (ku.dk)
  • These results demonstrate that phenylalanine 346 is essential for GHR internalization and down-regulation but not for transcriptional signaling, suggesting that ligand-mediated endocytosis is not a prerequisite for GH-induced gene transcription. (ku.dk)
  • Differentiation of self from nonself is indispensable for maintaining B cell tolerance in peripheral tissues . (bvsalud.org)
  • 9 Early PrPSc deposition could be discovered in FDCs within B cell follicles in lymphoid tissue of sufferers with vCJD 10 and in rodents inoculated with scrapie by peripheral routes. (kinasechem.com)