Ligand receptors virus. Medical search. Frequent questions

These studies have identified LY49H as the MCMV-specific activating NK cell receptor and m157 as the cognate viral ligand recognized by LY49H. (nature.com)

In the research part we will deal with the basic principles of the innate immune defense used to control tumors and viral infections with a focus on NK and NK/T cells, including analysis of NK receptor genomics/epigenetics, gene polymorphisms/disease linkage, differentiation of hitherto unrecognized NK cell subpopulations and novel ligands for NK receptors exposed by tumor and/or virally infected cells. (europa.eu)
This will include the investigation of the role of NK/T cell subpopulations in the defense against tumors and infections by herpes virus family members, some being involved in tumor formation, in the development of inflammatory diseases and/or constituting a frequent complication during tumor therapy. (europa.eu)
The project will support anti-tumor and anti-viral therapies by developing novel technology for NK cell generation from cord blood stem cells for NK cell infusions in patients, by genetic engineering of NK cells and by using NK receptors and their ligands to develop novel reagents for amplifying anti-tumor and -viral activities of NK/T cells. (europa.eu)
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) signaling may promote post-TBI neuroinflammation, thereby exacerbating secondary injury. (researchsquare.com)
Interferons (IFNs) are natural proteins produced by the cells of the immune system of most vertebrates in response to challenges by foreign agents such as viruses , parasites and tumor cells. (wikidoc.org)
To investigate association of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated HLH, the serum EBV loads, and serum concentrations of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1), soluble Fas ligand, and cytochrome c were examined in 15 patien. (researchgate.net)
Theoretically, a large tumor burden could be effectively eradicated using a small dose of an oncolytic virus. (hindawi.com)
A number of PSPs have been defined over the years that include, but not limited to, promoters of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), probasin (PB), mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV LTR), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), and prostatic steroid-binding protein C3. (hindawi.com)
Transgenic mice bearing PB promoter fused to simian virus 40 large tumor antigen gene all consistently develop prostate adenocarcinoma [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
These may be different molecules within the cells like proteins, polysaccharides, or nucleoproteins and may also be the whole cell, like a tumor cell or organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, or agents containing genetic material such as nucleic acids or lipids. (medscape.com)

CD112, known as poliovirus receptor related 2 protein (PRR2), Nectin-2, or Hve B, is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, a member of the Ig gene superfamily. (biolegend.com)
It acts as a co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry in cells.The protein also has a role in leukocyte chemotaxis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Carbohydrate - protein inte ractions in nature are often mediated via multivalent binding where the combined strength of multiple receptor - ligand interactions results in a binding that is highly specific and strong. (avhandlingar.se)
P - selectin glycoprotein ligand - 1 (PSGL - 1) is a mucin - type protein that is heavily substituted with O - glycans. (avhandlingar.se)
Our preliminary study found that CCL2 was mainly co-localized with the astroglial marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), while the CCL2 receptor chemokine C-C motif receptor 2 (CCR2) was mainly co-localized with the neuronal nuclear marker NeuN in TBI model rats, suggesting that CCL2‒CCR2 signaling is a major driver of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and concomitant motor and cognitive dysfunction following TBI [9]. (researchsquare.com)
More precisely, they are developing a ligand - a specific binding molecule - that displaces a certain binding protein of the virus from the receptor of the host cell. (fz-juelich.de)
Using NMR spectroscopy, we hope to decode the 3D structure of a small but very important viral protein and, in parallel, develop a molecule to inhibit it, so that the virus cannot continue to reproduce in a cell that has already been infected. (fz-juelich.de)
They labeled the Zika virus with green fluorescent protein to make its movements more visible, then exposed each variation of the cancer cells to the virus to determine which proteins' presence was necessary for Zika to invade cells. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Thus, E1 protein expression will be confined strictly to the prostate tissues and render this a conditional oncolytic virus (CRAD) within the prostate. (hindawi.com)
Both hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) and microRNA-221 (miR-221) have been implicated in the development of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (techscience.com)
Viruses have a protein 'capsid' that contains their genome - this capsid is typically a geometric structure composed of repeat subunits. (fo.am)

Duprex is an expert in measles and mumps viruses and studies viral spillover from animals to humans, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
In 2018, Duprex became director of the Center for Vaccine Research at the University of Pittsburgh, where he continues to study the evolution of human and animal respiratory viruses such as measles, mumps and SARS-CoV-2, with the practical goals of developing new vaccines for emerging diseases as well as tools that predict viral spillover from animal reservoirs into humans. (wikipedia.org)
Since then, Duprex's team has been focused on understanding how the SARS-CoV-2 virus mutates to create new viral variants, including Delta and Omicron, which the World Health Organization declared variants of concern. (wikipedia.org)
Determining the function of CMV-encoded chemokine receptors in the context of viral pathogenesis and acceleration of vascular disease. (ohsu.edu)
Zika Virus infection of rhesus macaques leadsto viral persistence in multiple tissues. (ohsu.edu)
A third project is investigating how a viral enzyme needed by the virus for reproduction can be inhibited. (fz-juelich.de)
Clinical data indicate that severe COVID-19 most commonly manifests as viral pneumonia-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a clinical entity mechanistically understood best in the context of influenza A virus-induced pneumonia. (ersjournals.com)
This prevents viral replication and inhibits normal cell ribosome function, killing both the virus and the host cell if the response is active for a sufficient amount of time. (wikidoc.org)
To overcome this obstacle, conditional oncolytic viruses (such as conditional replication adenovirus (CRAD)) are developed to specifically target prostate without (or with minimal) systemic toxicity due to viral self-replication. (hindawi.com)
Plasma viral load in HIV-1 and HIV-2 singly and dually infected individuals in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa: significantly lower plasma virus set point in HIV-2 infection than in HIV-1 infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
HIV-1-induced cell fusion is mediated by multiple regions within both the viral envelope and the CCR-5 co-receptor. (microbiologyresearch.org)

C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is expressed by T lymphocytes, macrophages and monocytes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
C-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a receptor for chemokine ligands-3, -4 and -5. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Chemokines such as chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2) and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand 1 (CXCL1) are critical signaling factors regulating post-TBI neuroinflammation. (researchsquare.com)
Functional annotation clustering of the microarray data showed that gene clusters involved in immune and antiviral responses ranked highly, involving genes such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 ( CCL2 ), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 ( CCL5 ), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 ( CXCL10 ), and toll like receptor 3 ( TLR3 ). (molvis.org)
The present study demonstrates that HBx promotes HCC cell proliferation via the C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12-C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCL12-CXCR4) axis. (techscience.com)

The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize different microbial components and endogenous host factors, and are critical in initiating inflammatory responses to infection. (ucsf.edu)
Identification of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), herpesviruses 6, 7, and 8, and human endogenous retroviruses within LyP has been reported, but no clear relationship has been found. (logicalimages.com)
Fc-ARMs are composed of an Fc-binding peptide and a concentrating on ligand , enabling the exploitation of endogenous antibodies via fixed affinity to the Fc area of antibodies, whose sequence is conserved in distinction to the Fab area. (kashbiotech.com)
This route is faster than that of endogenous ligands, small molecules that travel regularly along the neuron to keep it healthy. (medicaldaily.com)

Infectious mononucleosis owing to primary Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection sometimes causes hepatitis, which is usually self-limiting with mildly elevated transaminases, but can rarely develop into severe hepatitis with jaundice. (researchgate.net)
The target receptor proteins of hepatitis B and C were retrieved from PDB and the ligand compounds were retrieved from pubchem NCBI. (simulations-plus.com)
Identification of hepatitis B virus carriers in blood donors is crucial with a view to keep away from transmission of the illness through blood transfusion. (kashbiotech.com)
To find out if blood donors with constructive outcomes for serological markers HBsAg and anti-HBc have been hepatitis B virus DNA carriers. (kashbiotech.com)
27.5 % of the samples that have been reactive for anti-HBc alone and 100 % of these with constructive outcomes for HbsAg and IgM/IgG anti-HBc have been recognized to include hepatitis B virus DNA (p = 0.001). (kashbiotech.com)
Performing two serological and one molecular check is necessary with a view to establish hepatitis B virus carriers and stop its transmission. (kashbiotech.com)
La identificación de portadores del virus de la hepatitis B en donantes de sangre es imperativo para evitar la transmisión de la enfermedad a través de transfusiones sanguíneas. (kashbiotech.com)
Determinar si los donantes de sangre con resultados positivos en los marcadores serológicos HbsAg y anti-HBc eran portadores del ADN del virus de la hepatitis B. (kashbiotech.com)
Se identificó que 27.5 % de las muestras reactivas solo a anti-HBc y 100 % de las muestras con resultados positivos de HBsAg/anti-HBc-IgM/IgG presentaron ADN del virus de la hepatitis B (p = 0.001). (kashbiotech.com)

To further test ways of blocking αvβ5, they infected mice with Zika virus and then treated them daily with either cilengitide or SB273005, experimental cancer drugs that inhibit αvβ5. (drugdiscoverynews.com)

inflammatory bowel disease: …mutation of a gene called TNFSF15 (tumour necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 15), which is involved in suppressing inflammation, has been identified as an ethnic-specific IBD susceptibility gene. (britannica.com)

define NK cell differentiation states based on their education via NKG2a and expression of CD16 (FcγRIII), an activating Fc receptor that mediates antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) 8 , and demonstrate that nonpathogenic SIVagm infection in African green monkeys (AGMs) imprints the maturation of NK cells inducing terminally differentiated NKG2a low CD16 + NK cells, which express high levels of interleukin (IL)−21R. (nature.com)
Lessons learned from the study of NK cell memory could help with the design of better expansion protocols for adoptive NK cell therapy, for the manufacturing of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered NK cells and for improving NK cell-based therapies that rely on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). (nature.com)
Since integrins also serve as cellular entry points for viruses such as adenovirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus and rotavirus, they systematically inhibited each integrin with a different antibody. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
The signaling inhibitory antibody quickly induces ligand-independent receptor clustering and internalization via each caveolin and clathrin-mediated pathways. (kashbiotech.com)
The non-inhibitory antibody additionally effectively endocytoses through clathrin with out inducing receptor clustering however with slower lysosomal co-localization kinetics. (kashbiotech.com)
We present that Fc-ARM concentrating on folate receptor-α (FR-α) redirects a clinically used antibody combination to FR-α + most cancers cells, leading to most cancers cell lysis by pure killer cells in vitro . (kashbiotech.com)
report a case of a patient with metastatic gastric cancer with a meaningful response to the anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody avelumab. (medscape.com)

RÉSUMÉ L'objectif de l'étude était d'évaler l'importance clinique du ligand de CD40 soluble (sCD40L) chez des patients atteints d'un carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) associé au virus de l'hépatite C (VHC). (who.int)
CD40 ligand (CD40L) is mainly expressed on activated platelets and CD4+T cells, and it can be cleaved from the cell surface, releasing a soluble CD40L (sCD40L). (researchgate.net)
WNV-infected RPE did not produce any interferon-γ, suggesting that IDO1 is induced by other soluble factors, by the virus alone, or both. (molvis.org)

Design, synthesis and evaluation of new polycyclic inhibitors of the M2 channel of the influenza A virus. (ub.edu)
Amantadine and rimantadine have been in clinical use as anti-influenza A virus agents for decades. (ub.edu)
For example, hapten-specific memory NK cells reside in the liver, influenza virus-specific memory NK cells reside in the liver and lung, and mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-specific NK cells and cytokine-induced memory NK cells are systemically distributed. (nature.com)
In this thesis we have produced proteins that are densely decorated with carbohydrate determinants in order to study the glycosylation capacity of cell lines (paper I) and generate efficient binders of antibodies (paper II), bacterial toxins (paper III) and virus receptors such as the influenza hemagglutinin (paper IV). (avhandlingar.se)
In this review we connect the current understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle and host response to the clinical presentation of COVID-19, borrowing concepts from influenza A virus-induced ARDS pathogenesis and discussing how these ideas inform our evolving understanding of COVID-19-induced ARDS. (ersjournals.com)
We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly the protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia of COVID-19, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and the tropism for vascular endothelial cells of SARS-CoV-2, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
Our review explores influenza A virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as a paradigm for understanding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced ARDS pathogenesis and ageing as a risk factor for severe disease. (ersjournals.com)
Integrating established knowledge of influenza A virus-induced ARDS pathophysiology, we discuss how shared clinical findings frame influenza as only an approximate model for COVID-19. (ersjournals.com)
We argue that the impaired interferon-I and -III response of severe COVID-19 is reminiscent of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and influenza pathobiology, suggesting conserved virulence mechanisms among these viruses. (ersjournals.com)
A previous paper revealed that the platelet number of patients with influenza virus-associated encephalopathy (IE) was correlated with the o. (researchgate.net)
Avian influenza A viruses exhibit plasticity in sialylglycoconjugate receptor. (invivogen.com)

Most of our mechanistic knowledge of the signals that drive the generation of virus-specific memory NK cells originates from experiments using MCMV infection as a model system. (nature.com)
The well-known antiviral activity of Lf has been demonstrated against DNA, RNA, and enveloped and naked viruses and, therefore, Lf could be efficient in counteracting also SARS-CoV-2 infection. (frontiersin.org)
Dr. Streblow's lab has also generated a rhesus macaque (RM) chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection animal model to identify correlates of CHIKV pathogenesis and to test novel antivirals and vaccines. (ohsu.edu)
Animal Models of Chikungunya Virus Infection and Disease. (ohsu.edu)
Chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a severe systemic disease associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. (researchgate.net)
To identify key genes differentially expressed in the human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) following low-level West Nile virus (WNV) infection. (molvis.org)
Low-level WNV infection of hRPE cells induced expression of genes that are typically associated with the host cell response to virus infection. (molvis.org)
It expresses a range of cell surface molecules involved in adaptive and innate immunity, as well as crucial sentinel molecules, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are pivotal in early cellular defense against virus infection. (molvis.org)
The teams were studying the Zika virus in hopes of discovering a way of preventing microcephaly, stunted neonatal brain development caused by infection by the Zika virus. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
In the Cell Press paper, titled "Integrin αvβ5 Internalizes Zika Virus during Neural Stem Cells Infection and Provides a Promising Target for Antiviral Therapy," the authors note that "Integrins, a family of 24 heterodimers consisting of α and β subunits, are transmembrane adhesion receptors that are key components of cell signaling mechanisms involved in cancer progression and metastasis ( Hynes, 2002 ). (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Symptoms of virus infection include colour changes, dwarfing, and tissue distortion. (britannica.com)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 2-mediated inhibition of HIV type 1: a new approach to gene therapy of HIV-infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)

All told, 92 human brain cancer stem cell genes were identified as necessary for Zika virus to infect and replicate in the cells, but of those, the gene that encodes the αvβ5 integrin was identified as a key culprit. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Although virus-based gene therapy is a promising strategy to combat advanced prostate cancer, its current effectiveness is limited partially due to inefficient cellular transduction in vivo . (hindawi.com)

Antibodies blocking the immune checkpoint cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed death-1 (PD-1), and programmed death-1-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antigens have been tested in several gastrointestinal malignancies. (medscape.com)

Heterologous prime-boost immunization induces protection against dengue virus. (invivogen.com)

Distinct receptor-ligand interactions and distinct cytokine milieus lead to the generation of antigen-specific memory NK cells. (nature.com)
Carbohydrates are ubiquitous on the surface of all cells in mammals where they are involved in interactions with the surroundings (extracellular matrix), other cells (including self and non - self) and microbes (bacteria and virus). (avhandlingar.se)
Interactions between CD30 and its ligand appear to be important, and mutations in TGF-beta receptors may contribute. (logicalimages.com)

As well as, DLL4 ligand binding to the NOTCH3 receptor mediates transendocytosis of NOTCH3-ADCs into ligand-expressing cells. (kashbiotech.com)

A continuing impediment to the understanding and diagnosis of brain disorders is our limited ability to non-invasively visualize viruses, proteins, metabolites, and other molecules in the brain in vivo. (nih.gov)
the development of imaging ligands for visualizing changes in receptors or other brain proteins relevant to substance abuse and co-occurring psychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety, depression), 4. (nih.gov)
The Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) complex is the human version of the MHC, helping the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins versus those from foreign invaders, such as viruses. (bdbiosciences.com)

We also explore the potential aetiologies of the lymphopenia associated with severe COVID-19: the virus' expanded tropism, elevated serum cytokines (particularly interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α), and excessive lymphocyte recruitment to the lungs. (ersjournals.com)

Evans and his team designed a synthetic aerosol, a combination of two synthetic ligands that bind Toll-like receptors, to stimulate these mucosal responses to protect against respiratory pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, before they are well-established in the lungs. (mdanderson.org)
The latter can engulf and destroy bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances. (britannica.com)
Different pathways regulate different immune cells to help the body differentiate the bodies own healthy cells from disease-causing agents including bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, cancerous cells, and many more. (medscape.com)

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Duprex has used his public profile on Twitter to share information about the virus and promote vaccination, which he had been outspoken about prior to the pandemic. (wikipedia.org)
In Ovo Vaccination with Recombinant Herpes Virus of the Turkey-Laryngotrachei. (invivogen.com)

Intractable Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Prolonged Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Replication in a Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T-Cell Therapy Recipient: A Case Study (2021). (wikipedia.org)
Replication-competent viruses, also known as oncolytic viruses, replicate within transduced cells and force these cells into a lytic cycle. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, strategies to use conditional oncolytic virus, or the so-called attenuated replication-competent viruses, to specifically target prostate tissue have been developed [ 2 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

All type I IFNs bind to a specific cell surface receptor complex known as the IFN-α receptor ( IFNAR ) that consists of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 chains. (wikidoc.org)
Specific ligands bind and cluster integrins to regulate vehicle trafficking and transduce both outside-in and inside-out signaling events ( Hynes, 2002 ). (drugdiscoverynews.com)
they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)

First, similarly to T cells and B cells, NK cells can exert immunological memory after encounters with stimuli such as haptens or viruses, resulting in the generation of antigen-specific memory NK cells. (nature.com)

CD112 functions as a receptor for α-herpes viruses HSV-1 and pseudorabies virus (PRV). (biolegend.com)

Duprex stayed on at QUB as a postdoctoral research fellow from 1995 to 1999, studying how measles virus infects the brain, and served as a lecturer in molecular virology and biochemistry from 1999 to 2010, during which time he studied measles, mumps, canine distemper, and foot-and-mouth disease virus in biocontainment at the Pirbright Institute. (wikipedia.org)
This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) supports SBIR applications in the service of improved ligands and imaging technologies for investigating brain function and enhancing disease diagnosis and treatment of SUD and HIV/AIDS. (nih.gov)
For example, there is currently no ligand available for non-invasive imaging of latent HIV in the human brain, which would be valuable for treatment of HIV/AIDS, or for detection of metabolites and signaling molecules associated with multiple glial cell types, which could shed light on the involvement of glial cell activity in substance use disorders (SUD). (nih.gov)
More research is needed to improve the ability of existing imaging ligands and technologies (e.g., analytical programs) for non-invasive imaging of brain function such that changes from disease or other insults to the brain can be better tracked, and the response to pharmacological interventions can be better interpreted. (nih.gov)
the development of ligands or imaging technologies to enable visualization of latent or replicating HIV viruses within the brain, 3. (nih.gov)
Their work led them to αvβ5 integrin, the molecule responsible for Zika virus' ability to entering brain stem cells. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
What they found was that blocking αvβ5 "almost completely blocked the ability of the virus to infect brain cancer stem cells and normal brain stem cells," according to Rich. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Once contracted, the virus causes inflammation of the brain. (medicaldaily.com)
Once the virus gets to the spinal cord, it immediately travels to the brain. (medicaldaily.com)

the development of imaging ligands for visualizing neuronal and/or glial retrograde/signaling molecules (e.g., glutamine, anandamide). (nih.gov)
Integrins are well known as molecules that many different viruses use as doorknobs to gain entry into human cells," Rana explained in a press release. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
I was expecting to find Zika using multiple integrins, or other cell surface molecules also used by other viruses. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)

We will investigate the mechanisms installed by tumors and viruses to avoid or subvert immune defenses. (europa.eu)

As the original cell dies from the cytolytic RNA virus , these thousands of viruses will infect nearby cells. (wikidoc.org)
Released virus is then able to infect neighboring cells until all susceptible cells are eliminated. (hindawi.com)
For Viruscraft, we're developing a new game and tangible interface to improve our understanding of how viruses evolve and infect new hosts. (fo.am)
Virus structure is quite geometrical, and it is the lock-and key structural fit with the host's cells that either allow a virus to infect a host or not. (fo.am)
If the fit is good, the virus can infect the host's cells - but if the host evolves to change the shape of its receptors, then the virus can no longer infect it without evolving the shape of its ligands - and so an arms race occurs between the host receptor shapes and the virus ligand shapes. (fo.am)
Your job as a virus is to infect hosts and stay alive as long as you can. (fo.am)

We used blotting experiments, surface analyses, glycan microarray, and docking studies to investigate the ligand binding potential of CLEC5A with particular respect to dengue virus. (ox.ac.uk)

Synthetic peptide within Human Scavenging Receptor SR-BI aa 50-150 (N terminal). (abcam.com)

We demonstrate that CLEC5A is homodimeric at the cell surface and binds to dengue virus serotypes 1-4. (ox.ac.uk)
This means that the virus can no longer dock to the cell surface and fuse with the host cell. (fz-juelich.de)

Structural flexibility of the macrophage dengue virus receptor CLEC5A: implications for ligand binding and signaling. (ox.ac.uk)
The human C-type lectin-like molecule CLEC5A is a critical macrophage receptor for dengue virus. (ox.ac.uk)
The binding of dengue virus to CLEC5A triggers signaling through the associated adapter molecule DAP12, stimulating proinflammatory cytokine release. (ox.ac.uk)
This study provides a rational foundation for understanding the dengue virus-macrophage interaction and the role of CLEC5A in dengue virus-induced lethal disease. (ox.ac.uk)

Duprex moved to Boston University in 2010 to take the positions of associate professor of Microbiology and Director of Cell and Tissue Imaging in the National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, where he trained to use "space-suit-virology" in a BSL-4 lab to understand pathogenesis in paramyxoviruses such as measles, mumps, and respiratory syncytial virus in humans, as well as Hendra virus in horses and Newcastle disease virus in chickens. (wikipedia.org)

The constant region at the carboxyl-terminal end of the heavy chain, called the Fc region, binds to the Fc receptors of neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and the natural killer (NK) cells. (medscape.com)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is usually maintained in an asymptomatic and latent form by the host immune system, and primarily by EBV-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). (researchgate.net)
NOTCH3-ADCs internalize into receptor and ligand cells impartial of signaling and induce cell dying in each cell sorts representing an atypical mechanism of ADC cytotoxicity. (kashbiotech.com)
On the outside of the main structure are 'ligands' - these are essentially the keys that fit into the locks ('receptors') that are on the outside of the host's cells. (fo.am)
Cytotoxic T cells from human immunodeficiency virus type 2-infected patients frequently cross-react with different human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clades. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and -2 in individuals from Guinea-Bissau with single or dual infections: predominance of a distinct HIV-1 subtype A/G recombinant in West Africa. (microbiologyresearch.org)

The former question has been applied to by new studies using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique that claim to detect very large quantities of virus in HIV+ patients at all stages of disease progression. (researchgate.net)

Emerging evidence suggests that liver X receptor (LXR) antagonist is a potential treatment for fatty liver disease. (bvsalud.org)

We also review clinically apparent differences in the immune responses elicited by these viruses according to the latest clinical data and recommend that investigators note these differences in ongoing efforts to elucidate the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. (ersjournals.com)

They are working on developing a Zika virus RM model. (ohsu.edu)
But deeper investigation into the nature of the Zika virus may very well have offered up a boon, thanks to work by two teams from the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine. (drugdiscoverynews.com)

If a virus infects a cell that has been "pre-warned" by interferon, it is like charging into a hail of bullets for the virus. (wikidoc.org)

In the asthma studies, the aerosol not only protects against acute virus-induced injury, but also has long-term immunomodulatory effects that prevent allergic asthma. (mdanderson.org)

Les concentrations sériques de sCD40L circulant et d'interleukine 10 circulante ont été analysées à l'aide de la méthode immuno-enzymatique chez 30 patients positifs pour le VHC avec un CHC, chez 30 patients patients positifs pour le VHC avec une cirrhose du foie, et chez 30 volontaires d'âge correspondant en bonne santé avec des anticorps anti-VHC négatifs servant de groupe témoin. (who.int)

Fruit bats are the reservoir hosts ( 2 , 3 ) and excrete virus in negative by qRT-PCR and ELISA. (cdc.gov)
Disease outbreaks among horses occur sporadi- with positive results by qRT-PCR gave a weak positive cally along the eastern coast of Queensland and New South result by ELISA and a virus neutralization titer of 8. (cdc.gov)
Primary astrocytes were stimulated with LPS following TRAF6 siRNA or control transfection, and NF-κB, MAPKs, chemokine, and chemokine receptor expression levels evaluated by western blotting and ELISA. (researchsquare.com)

and urine were collected immedi- virus until they are no longer considered to be potentially ately thereafter. (cdc.gov)
A virus can potentially jump into a new host species if it can evolve to fit into the new host's receptors. (fo.am)

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