• However, limited data are available about sequence variability in CD8 + T cell epitope regions of mumps virus (MuV) proteins. (mdpi.com)
  • Epitope spreading is defined as the diversification of epitope specificity from the initial focused, dominant epitope-specific immune response, directed against a self or foreign protein, to subdominant and/or cryptic epitopes on that protein (intramolecular spreading) or other proteins (intermolecular spreading). (nature.com)
  • C ) Multi-epitope proteins with GLA-SE are captured by the Antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and the peptides contained are presented by MHC molecules on the APCs to T lymphocytes in both a class I and a class II pathway. (jci.org)
  • Different types of transgenic proteins food allergen proteins sequences were scanned for IgE epitopes. (ispub.com)
  • We have scanned total 52 proteins for detection of allergenic IgE epitopes. (ispub.com)
  • Since individual carbohydrate epitopes are bound by proteins with only low affinity, Nature uses multivalent interactions (i.e., the simultaneous interaction of several ligands of one biological unit (molecule, surface) with several receptors of another unit) to achieve the required high affinity. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • The MECA-79 antibody reacts with sulfate-dependent carbohydrate epitopes of peripheral lymph node addressin (PNAd). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Crystallographic definition of the epitope promiscuity of the broadly neutralizing anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 antibody 2F5: vaccine design implications. (expasy.org)
  • The 581 antibody recognizes the class III group epitope which is resistant to sialidase/glycolyprotease and chymopapain treatment. (biolegend.com)
  • Monoclonal antibody 9EG7 defines a novel beta 1 integrin epitope induced by soluble ligand and manganese, but inhibited by calcium. (xenbase.org)
  • This 1RNM44N antibody will recognize a formaldehyde-fixed epitope. (fishersci.com)
  • All applications in biotherapeutic discovery and development such as epitope mapping and binning and antibody screening are impossible, or at least highly cumbersome, with labeled techniques. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
  • Book antibody epitopes termed ligand-induced binding site (LIBS) epitopes are open because of this conformational transformation (12 -15). (bioinf.org)
  • The monoclonal antibody DATK32 recognizes a conformational epitope on the heterodimer. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Here, we show that L-selectin-dependent rolling after P-selectin blockade is completely absent in P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) −/− mice or wild-type mice treated with a PSGL-1 blocking monoclonal antibody. (rupress.org)
  • The mouse monoclonal antibody 6D4 recognizes a common extracellular epitope on MICA and MICB glycoproteins, transmembrane ligands of CD314 (NKG2D), and is able to block CD314-mediated activation of NK cells and cytotoxic T cells. (exbio.cz)
  • The lead antibody Sym021 blocked PD-L1 and PD-L2 ligand binding, resulting in elevated T-cell cytokine production in vitro. (antibodysociety.org)
  • We isolated an MBC-derived GII.17-specific Immunoglobulin A (IgA) monoclonal antibody called NVA.1 that potently and selectively blocked GII.17 cluster IIIb and recognized an epitope targeted in serum from cluster IIIb-infected children. (cdc.gov)
  • These data indicate that multiple antigenically distinct GII.17 variants co-circulate in young children, suggesting retention of cluster diversity alongside potential for immune escape given the existence of antibody-defined cluster-specific epitopes elicited during infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Murine leukocytes are thought to express α2-3-sialylated and α1-3-fucosylated selectin ligands such as sialyl Lewis x (sLe x ), although monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to sLe x or Le x reportedly do not bind to murine leukocytes. (ashpublications.org)
  • As a result of the epitopes of some function-blocking anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) lie close to the ligand-binding pocket, it follows that the epitopes of those mAbs might turn out to be shielded within the ligand-occupied state. (holliseden.com)
  • This epitope is accessible to the convex VHH paratope but inaccessible to the flatter paratope of monoclonal antibodies. (rcsb.org)
  • Active targeting involves use of targeting ligands such as antibodies, peptides (e.g cell penetrating peptides) which bind specifically to receptors, epitopes over-expressed on target site. (trialx.com)
  • In atopic individuals, sensitizing T-cell epitopes can trigger a cascade of events that leads to synthesis of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies as well as other immunological reactions. (ispub.com)
  • Leukocyte rolling in postcapillary venules of inflamed tissues is reduced in L-selectin-deficient mice and mice treated with L-selectin blocking antibodies, but the glycoprotein ligand for L-selectin in inflamed venules is unknown. (rupress.org)
  • Shedding of MICA-related antibodies and ligands is involved in the progression from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to multiple myeloma. (exbio.cz)
  • identified new anti-CD3 antibodies from humanized rats that bind to multiple epitopes and elicit varying levels of T-cell activation. (antibodysociety.org)
  • Detailed epitope mapping showed that the epitope recognized by Sym021 was unique compared to the clinically approved PD1 antibodies pembrolizumab and nivolumab. (antibodysociety.org)
  • Immunoglobulins (Igs), the term is sometimes used interchangeably with "antibodies," are glycoprotein molecules produced by B lymphocytes and plasma cells in response to an immunogen or after recognition of specific epitopes on the antigen. (medscape.com)
  • 4-1BBL is the high affinity ligand of 4-1BB. (2bscientific.com)
  • EgA1 and 9G8 bind an epitope near the EGFR domain II/III junction, preventing receptor conformational changes required for high-affinity ligand binding and dimerization. (rcsb.org)
  • The human peripheral lymph node vascular addressin is a ligand for LECAM-1, the peripheral lymph node homing receptor. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • MICA and MICB glycoproteins are members of MHC class I family, closely linked to HLA-B. However, unlike HLA molecules, MICA and MICB are not associated with beta2 microglobulin and are conformationally stable in the absence of conventional MHC class I peptide ligands. (exbio.cz)
  • The exact role of these so-called altered peptide ligands in vivo is not clear. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Unexpectedly, the five ligands correspond to only three cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, two of which occur in two COOH-terminal length variants. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Original antigenic sin impairs cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to viruses bearing variant epitopes. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The α 4 β 7 heterodimer mediates the binding of lymphocytes to its ligand, mucosal vascular addressin (MAdCAM-1) on the high endothelial venules, thereby directing the homing of lymphocytes into Peyer's patches and intestinal lamina propria. (southernbiotech.com)
  • 1 , 2 P- and E-selectin, expressed on activated platelets and/or endothelial cells, bind to ligands on leukocytes. (ashpublications.org)
  • No. 41B-H5256) at 2 ug/mL (100 uL/well) can bind Human 4-1BB Ligand (71-254), premium grade (Cat. (2bscientific.com)
  • We confirmed that the anti-α5 subunit mAbs JBS5, SNAKA52, 16, and P1D6 didn't disrupt IFCs and therefore appeared unable to bind to the ligand-occupied state. (holliseden.com)
  • A brand new mannequin of the α5β1-fibronectin complicated helps our speculation that the epitopes of mAbs that fail to bind to the ligand-occupied state lie inside, or very near, the integrin-fibronectin interface. (holliseden.com)
  • We beforehand demonstrated that Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-containing ligand-mimetic inhibitors of integrins are unable to dissociate pre-formed integrin-fibronectin complexes (IFCs). (holliseden.com)
  • Importantly, our findings suggest that the efficacy of some therapeutic anti-integrin mAbs could possibly be restricted by epitope masking. (holliseden.com)
  • Among the top features of competitive integrin antagonists is certainly to take up the ligand binding pocket and induce a conformational transformation that is like the conformational transformation induced by an all natural ligand. (bioinf.org)
  • Three surface epitopes on SCF, an extended loop, the B and C helices, and the N-terminal segment, contact distinct KIT domains, with two of the epitopes undergoing large conformational changes upon receptor binding. (rcsb.org)
  • Right here we survey the id of many structurally related substances that were in a position to prevent publicity of ligand-induced binding site (LIBS) epitope following the addition of VLA-4-particular ligand lower binding affinity of VLA-4-particular ligand and stop VLA-4/VCAM-1-reliant cell adhesion. (bioinf.org)
  • EXPERIMENTAL Techniques Components The VLA-4-particular ligand (22 -24) 4-((~12 nm) and above the for physiologically turned on VLA-4 (high affinity condition ~1-2 nm) (22). (bioinf.org)
  • by successive steps of ammonium sulfate fractionation and affinity chromatography with asialofetuin as ligand. (bvsalud.org)
  • Both technologies have been primarily focused on measurement of protein epitopes, but have been used to measure nucleic acids such as targeted mRNA 11 , 12 . (nature.com)
  • We detected a novel GII.4 variant with an amino acid insertion at the start of epitope A in viral protein 1 of noroviruses from the United States, Gabon, South Africa, and the United Kingdom collected during 2017-2022. (cdc.gov)
  • NTA is a tetravalent ligand providing greater specificity but lower yield, while IDA is trivalent-less selective but generally providing more protein. (genengnews.com)
  • We created and tested multi-epitope DNA or protein vaccines with TLR4 ligand emulsion adjuvant (gluco glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant in a stable emulsion [GLA-SE]) for their ability to protect against Toxoplasma gondii in HLA transgenic mice. (jci.org)
  • The technology has been shown to be applicable to all major classes of drug targets, including GPCRs, kinases, enzymes, ion channels, and protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions, enabling broader research applicability. (drugdiscoverynews.com)
  • Hence, T-and B- (IgE) epitopes are both relevant targets for models and the detection of protein allergens. (ispub.com)
  • Genetic variability and natural selection at the ligand domain of the Duffy binding protein in Brazilian Plasmodium vivax populations. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We report a 2.5 A crystal structure of the functional core of SCF bound to the extracellular ligand-binding domains of KIT. (rcsb.org)
  • Here we review the interactions of metabolism, galectins and glycoprotein ligands as well as the utility of this model to predict and treat inflammation and autoimmunity. (gr.jp)
  • PSGL, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. (rupress.org)
  • All ligands are transported by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The MECA-79-reactive antigen is closely associated with the carbohydrate ligands for L-selectin ( eg , CD34, GlyCAM-1, MAdCAM-1), which are expressed on high endothelial venules (HEV) in lymphoid tissues and at sites of chronic inflammation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Recently, the first set of naturally presented human leukocyte antigen Class I (HLA-I) epitopes of MuV was identified by us. (mdpi.com)
  • With knowledge of the initial immune target, early antigen-specific treatments can block continued tissue damage, epitope spreading and clinical disease. (nature.com)
  • Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of epitope spreading in various chronic immune-mediated human diseases and their animal models is crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases and to the ultimate goal of designing antigen-specific treatments. (nature.com)
  • LEAPS* compounds consist of a small T-cell binding peptide ligand linked with a disease-associated peptide antigen. (cel-sci.com)
  • Epitopes are a component of the antigen that are recognized by the immune system and determine whether the cellular or the humoral arm of the immune system shall be activated against that particular antigen. (medscape.com)
  • Convincing evidence for the pathological role of epitope spreading is also seen in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) and adjuvant arthritis. (nature.com)
  • Bidirectional induction of the cognate receptor-ligand α4-VCAM-1 pair defines a novel mechanism of tumor intravasation. (southernbiotech.com)
  • In the present study, sequences of 40 CD8 + T cell epitope candidates, including previously and newly identified, obtained from Jeryl-Lynn mumps vaccine strains were compared with genomes from 462 circulating MuV strains. (mdpi.com)
  • It has the potential to be utilized in diseases for which antigenic epitope sequences have already been identified, such as: a number of infectious diseases, some cancers, autoimmune diseases, allergic asthma, and allergy, and select CNS and other diseases (e.g. (cel-sci.com)
  • Thus, our work creates an adjuvanted platform assembly of peptides resulting in cross presentation of CD8+ T cell-eliciting epitopes in a vaccine that prevents toxoplasmosis. (jci.org)
  • The LEAPS compounds are thought to be bi- or hetero-functional peptides, including an antigenic peptide (Ag) linked to another peptide referred to as a T-cell binding ligand (TCBL). (cel-sci.com)
  • The LEAPS constructs containing the antigenic disease epitope linked to a T-cell binding ligand (TCBL) can be manufactured by peptide chemical synthesis or by covalently linking the two separately synthesized peptides. (cel-sci.com)
  • Diversifying selection preferentially acts on sites identified as epitopes, particularly on amino acid residues 417, 419, and 424, which show strong linkage disequilibrium. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 9 (4-1BBL) is also known as 4-1BB ligand, CD137L or TNFSF9, which is a cytokine that binds to TNFRSF9. (2bscientific.com)
  • All three VHH domains prevent ligand-induced EGFR activation, but use two distinct mechanisms. (rcsb.org)
  • Distinct but overlapping epitopes are involved in α 4 β 7 -mediated adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, mucosal addressin-1, fibronectin, and lymphocyte aggregation. (southernbiotech.com)
  • Induction of anti-inflammatory T helper (T H )2 responses via epitope spreading may be an important intrinsic immunoregulatory mechanism geared to limit tissue destruction and promote re-establishment of tissue-specific immune tolerance. (nature.com)
  • Our constructs each included 5 of our best down-selected CD8+ T cell-eliciting epitopes, a universal CD4+ helper T lymphocyte epitope (PADRE), and a secretory signal, all arranged for optimal MHC-I presentation. (jci.org)
  • 2H5 and KM93 bound to pronase-resistant structures, indicating that the mAbs did not identify selectin ligands. (ashpublications.org)
  • Treatment of WEHI-3 cells with glycosidases or chlorate demonstrated that sialic acid modifications, α1-3-galactosylation, or sulfation did not mask epitopes for mAbs to sLe x or Le x . (ashpublications.org)
  • Consistent with very low endogenous fucosylation, forced fucosylation of intact WEHI-3 cells or murine neutrophils by exogenous α1-3-fucosyltransferase FTVI and GDP-fucose created many new epitopes for anti-sLe x mAbs such as HECA-452 and CSLEX-1. (ashpublications.org)
  • In distinction, the allosteric anti-β1 subunit mAbs 13, 4B4, and AIIB2 may dissociate IFCs and due to this fact have been capable of work together with the ligand-bound state. (holliseden.com)
  • The cytoplasmic domain of Siglec F contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) that initiates intracellular signaling upon ligand binding. (fishersci.com)
  • GII.4 variant emergence has been associated with changes in epitopes A-I on the surface exposed P2 subdomain of VP1 affecting interactions with histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) on host cells ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, we exploit the gained insight for the development of artificial multivalent ligands that are able to inhibit natural carbohydrate recognition processes. (uni-konstanz.de)
  • Moreover, in four of the five ligands, the NH(2) termini correspond to major proteasome cleavage sites, and putative NH(2)-terminally extended precursor fragments were detected for only one of the five ligands. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Mutations in the DSL (Delta, Serrate, Lag2) Notch (N) ligand Delta-like (Dll) 3 cause skeletal abnormalities in spondylocostal dysostosis, which is consistent with a critical role for N signaling during somitogenesis. (rupress.org)
  • Early tolerance to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of diabetes has been shown to block epitope spreading and disease progression. (nature.com)
  • Studies in two models of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and Theiler's murine encephalitogenic virus-induced demyelinating disease (TMEV-IDD) have shown conclusively that epitope spreading plays a pathological role in ongoing disease and that blocking this process by inducing tolerance to spread myelin epitopes or blocking costimulation of T cells (necessary for epitope spreading) blocks (EAE) or inhibits (TMEV-IDD) ongoing clinical disease. (nature.com)
  • Imaging of biochemically recurrent prostate cancer has been established as a widely accepted clinical indication for PSMA ligand PET/CT in many parts of the world because of the results of multiple, primarily retrospective, studies that indicate superior detection efficacy compared with standard-of-care imaging. (snmjournals.org)
  • This article intends to give an educational overview on the current status of PSMA ligand PET imaging, including imaging procedure and interpretation, clinical indications, diagnostic potential, and impact on treatment planning. (snmjournals.org)
  • Figure 1: Epitope spreading in autoimmune and virus-induced tissue immunopathology. (nature.com)
  • Early induction of a T H 2 response to one specific β-cell autoantigen (βCAA) accelerated epitope spreading of T H 2 responses to other βCAAs and can prevent the development of diabetes in the NOD mice. (nature.com)
  • Here we report that mice primed with LCMV-WE strain respond to a subsequent infection by WE-derived CTL epitope variants with a CTL response directed against the initial epitope rather than against the new variant epitope. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Several human studies have observed epitope spreading in beta cell-specific humoral responses from birth to disease onset in offspring of diabetic parents. (nature.com)
  • This review will focus primarily on epitope spreading at the T-cell level. (nature.com)
  • L.E.A.P.S. is a patented, T-cell modulation, peptide epitope delivery technology that enables CEL-SCI to design and synthesize proprietary peptide immunogens. (cel-sci.com)
  • The analysis was integrated with a structural model of PvDBPII, and T- and B-cell epitopes were localized on the 3-D structure. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Some viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in humans, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) in mice, are initially controlled by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), but may subsequently escape through mutation of the relevant T-cell epitope. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These multi-epitope vaccines increased memory CD8+ T cells that produced IFN-γ and protected mice against parasite burden when challenged with T. gondii. (jci.org)
  • Human 4-1BB Ligand (71-254), premium grade on SDS-PAGE under non-reducing (NR) condition. (2bscientific.com)
  • Human studies strongly suggest that epitope spreading has a role in ongoing disease, although epitope spreading is very difficult to verify in human disease. (nature.com)
  • Although a pivotal role of proteasomes in the proteolytic generation of epitopes for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I presentation is undisputed, their precise function is currently the subject of an active debate: do proteasomes generate many epitopes in definitive form, or do they merely generate the COOH termini, whereas the definitive NH(2) termini are cleaved by aminopeptidases? (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The combined results from these five ligands provide strong evidence that many definitive MHC class I ligands are precisely cleaved at both ends by proteasomes. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • Typically, they harness an optical phenomenon to detect the binding of a solution molecule (analyte) to its immobilized partner (ligand) on a sensor and record the output as a "sensorgram", which tracks the binding signal in arbitrary units proportional to mass sensed at the surface of the biosensor as a function of time. (intechopen.com)
  • 7D12 sterically blocks ligand binding to EGFR in a manner similar to that of cetuximab. (rcsb.org)