Levels of styrene exposure levels level of exposure. Medical search. Frequent questions

Firefighters are exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during structural fire responses and training fires, several of which (e.g., benzene, acrolein, styrene) are known or probable carcinogens. (cdc.gov)
The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) proposes to reduce the eight-hour time-weighted average exposure threshold limit value (TLV) for benzene to 0.02 ppm and reduce the 15-minute short-term exposure limit (STEL) to 0.1 ppm. (ohsonline.com)
The U.S. National Occupational Exposure Survey (1981-1983) estimated that about 272,300 workers (143,000 women) were potentially exposed to benzene in the U.S. alone. (ohsonline.com)
The evidence is clear that all workplaces should be reassessed for benzene vapor to determine occupational exposure if the ACGIH TLV and STEL are reduced. (ohsonline.com)
Benzene levels in the air can be elevated by emissions from burning coal and oil, benzene waste and storage operations, and evaporation during transfer at gasoline service stations. (ohsonline.com)
Indoor air generally contains levels of benzene higher than those in outdoor air. (ohsonline.com)
In 1928, medical experts recognized a connection between benzene exposure and leukemia. (ohsonline.com)
In 1938, a study of benzene-exposed workers in the printing industry showed high levels of blood disease. (ohsonline.com)
The API study concluded that the only "safe" level of benzene exposure is no exposure at all. (ohsonline.com)
The specific components benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, naphthalene, biphenyl and anthracene do not reveal reproductive toxicity of a severity that would warrant classification. (europa.eu)
Available data on the specific components benzene, ethylbenzene, styrene, naphthalene, biphenyl and anthracene indicate no hazard with respect to developmental toxicity and no labelling is warranted. (europa.eu)

How does exposure to chemicals like the solvents listed in Table 1 cause damage to the ear when there is no direct contact between the airborne compounds and the inner ear? (ohsonline.com)
Solvents - Solvents, such as carbon disulfide and styrene, are utilized in some industries like insulation and plastics. (bowleshearing.com)
Solvents - Solvents, like carbon disulfide and styrene, are used in some industries like insulation and plastics. (hearingdoctorsofga.com)
Solvents - Specific industries including insulation and plastics use solvents such as carbon disulfide and styrene in manufacturing. (audiologyassociates.com)

Airborne styrene was evaluated at workplace, and urinary styrene metabolites, mandelic acid (MA), phenylglioxylic acid (PGA), vinylphenols (VPTs) and phenylhydroxyethylmercapturic acids (PHEMAs), were measured as biomarkers of internal dose. (unipi.it)

Numerous studies have demonstrated marked differ- fects on terminal bronchioles are seen, but effects in ences in toxicity between rats and mice to styrene ex- the nasal olfactory epithelium do occur, although to posure, especially by inhalation. (cdc.gov)
The exposure might be through inhalation, ingestion, or dermal absorption. (ohsonline.com)

Acute and chronic exposures to these chemicals can cause temporary or permanent hearing loss. (ohsonline.com)
GPL-TOX also includes Tiglylglycine, a marker for mitochondrial damage, which is often seen in chronic toxic chemical exposure. (biohelp.me)

A significant increase of the bpm in adults exposed to high concentrations of smoked CB leachate was observed after 48 h of exposure. (easychair.org)
States in sub-ppb levels in outdoor and indoor air, with indoor concentrations generally higher than outdoor. (who.int)
There is some evidence of developmental toxicity (lower body weight at birth and delayed vaginal opening) at toluene exposure concentrations ≥ 1000 ppm, concentrations which are associated with slight maternal toxicity. (europa.eu)

These mutations can be caused by exposure to toxic chemicals, infections, inflammation and nutritional deficiencies. (drwendywells.com)
There are other potential exposures that should be considered when assessing the risk of NIHLs in a facility, including chemicals. (ohsonline.com)
Many chemicals have been identified with the potential to increase the risk of hearing loss even without high-noise exposures. (ohsonline.com)
Consult your employer about your level of exposure to these chemicals if you work in the automotive, pesticide spraying, plastics, firefighting, or construction industries. (bowleshearing.com)
Taking key precautions is the best way to protect your hearing from exposure to chemicals. (hear-virginia.com)
Harmful levels of these chemicals are often put out by things like stoves, gas engines, and other appliances. (hearingdoctorsofga.com)
Unsafe levels of these chemicals can be produced by vehicles, gas tools, stoves and other appliances. (audiologyassociates.com)
The trick to protecting your hearing from exposure to chemicals is to take precautions. (audiologyassociates.com)
Vehicles, gas tools, stoves, and other appliances might put out unsafe levels of these chemicals. (northhillshearingandbalancecenter.com)

Styrene in blood and adipose tissue and mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids in urine. (sjweh.fi)

Responses of conventional and molecular biomarkers in turbot Scophthalmus maximus exposed to heavy fuel oil no. 6 and styrene. (univ-brest.fr)
The aim of the present study was to determine the short-term effects and recovery after exposure of juvenile fish (Scophthalmus maximus) to heavy fuel oil no. 6 and styrene by using a battery of molecular, cell and tissue level biomarkers. (univ-brest.fr)
In conclusion, the suite of selected biomarkers proved to be useful to determine the early impact of and recovery from exposure to tested compounds in turbot. (univ-brest.fr)
The present study comprised a biomonitoring study in 95 workers occupationally exposed to styrene and 98 unexposed controls, employing an integrated approach involving biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility. (unipi.it)

Styrene is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) . (who.int)

Exposure to nitrosamines, carbon black, asbestos and talc and mortality from stomach, lung and laryngeal cancer in a cohort of rubber workers. (who.int)
Asphyxiants - The level of oxygen in the air is reduced by asphyxiants, including things like carbon monoxide and tobacco smoke. (hearingdoctorsofga.com)

sensitive to respiratory tract and hepatic toxicity from are not related to blood levels of styrene or styrene styrene. (cdc.gov)

Several accidental spills in European coastal areas have resulted in the release of different toxic compounds into the marine environment, such as heavy fuel oil type no. 6 in the "Erika" and "Prestige" oil spills and the highly toxic styrene after the loss of the "Ievoli Sun". There is a clear need to develop tools that might allow assessing the biological impact of these accidental spills on aquatic organisms. (univ-brest.fr)

As a number of anthropogenic agents are xenoestrogens, environmental health research has focused on oestrogen receptor level disturbances and of aromatase polymorphisms. (biomedcentral.com)
The possible influence of genetic polymorphisms of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes involved in styrene biotransformation (EPHX1, GSTT1, GSTM1, GSTP1) and NAT2 on the cytogenetic endpoints was investigated. (unipi.it)

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates worker exposure. (medscape.com)

Liver activity of peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX) was significantly induced after 14 days of oil exposure, but it was not affected by styrene. (univ-brest.fr)
While styrene did not cause any increase in the prevalence of liver histopathological alterations, prevalence of extensive cell vacuolization increased after exposure to heavy fuel oil for 14 days. (univ-brest.fr)

Exposure to ototoxic compounds can cause sensorineural hearing loss by damaging various parts of the middle and inner ear. (ohsonline.com)
Hepatocyte lysosomal membrane stability (LMS) was significantly reduced after exposure to both treatments, indicating that the tested compounds significantly impaired fish health. (univ-brest.fr)

The effect is even worse with high levels of noise exposure, leading to temporary or permanent hearing loss. (northhillshearingandbalancecenter.com)

Biological indicators of exposure in styrene polymerization workers. (sjweh.fi)

High exposures to xylene create an increase in oxidative stress, causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, dizziness, central nervous system depression, and death. (functional-labs.com)
These categories include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, omega imbalance, toxic exposure and methylation imbalance . (drweitz.com)

in styrene metabolism between rats and mice. (cdc.gov)

Individual mercury exposure of chloralkali workers and its relation to blood and urinary mercury levels. (sjweh.fi)
7,8-oxide, and the evidence for styrene-related DNA adducts and cytogenetic effects in styrene-exposed workers. (who.int)
Only 2.9 percent of workers were exposed above the current ACGIH TLV of 0.5 ppm and 1.6 percent of workers were exposed above the OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) of 1 ppm as an eight-hour TWA. (ohsonline.com)
Workers in industries that use these agents may have occupational exposure, whereas other individuals may have environmental exposures if they live near industrial installations and/or have contact with contaminated water, soil, air, or food. (medscape.com)
In some cases, these exposures were estimated to be below acceptable levels, as designated in regulations for workers. (medscape.com)

GPL-TOX uses the power of advanced mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which is necessary to detect lower levels of certain genetic, mitochondrial, and toxic chemical markers that conventional mass spectrometry often misses. (biohelp.me)

No differences in gamete development were observed between fuel- or styrene- exposed fish and control fish, and vitellogenin plasma levels were low, suggesting no xenoestrogenic effects of fuel oil or styrene. (univ-brest.fr)
Our results suggest that occupational exposure to styrene has genotoxic effects that are potentiated by the GSTT1 gene deletion. (unipi.it)
Short-term, high-level exposures such as those frequently reported in case reports can result in acute reversible and irreversible health effects that involve the CNS and PNS. (medscape.com)
One of my big questions is why aren't environmental chemical exposure and bioaccumulation being discussed in initiatives to combat disease if there is so much known about the detrimental health effects of these toxicants? (cindyklement.com)
Smoking is a widespread addiction among on hearing may compound the effects of young people and the damage caused by in- exposure to occupational noise. (who.int)

The 85 dBA level is used because it is the action level set by OSHA for an eight-hour shift and the threshold limit value (TLV) set by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). (ohsonline.com)
By about the end of World War II, the ACGIH recommended limits on industrial exposure to the chemical, recognizing health risks associated with exposure. (ohsonline.com)

If you work in these fields, consult your workplace safety officer about the level of exposure you might have, and wear all of your safety equipment. (bowleshearing.com)
If you work in these fields, talk to your workplace safety officer about the level of exposure you may have, and wear all of your safety equipment. (hearingdoctorsofga.com)
Be sure that if you work in one of these industries, you use all of your safety equipment and consult your workplace safety officer about your level of exposure. (lambtonaudiology.com)

OSH professionals who have worked with noise exposures know the 85 dBA level is just the action level for an eight-hour shift and must be adjusted for extended work shifts to determine the 50 percent dose or the dose where the exposure is 50 percent of the OSHA permissible exposure level (PEL) (90 dBA). (ohsonline.com)
Using the OSHA formula, we can determine that the action level for a 10-hour shift is 83.4 dBA and the action level for a 12-hour shift is 82.1 dBA. (ohsonline.com)
Some facilities will attempt to reduce noise levels if the results exceed the OSHA PEL. (ohsonline.com)

This review brings data about cancer types whose eatiology may be found in environmental exposure to xenoestrogens. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer types that have been well documented in literature to be related with environmental exposure include the reproductive system, breast, lung, kidney, pancreas, and brain. (biomedcentral.com)
Tensile-shear tests at 2 different temperatures, before and after environmental exposure, and debonding tests were performed. (polito.it)

Methods for measuring trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid in blood and urine after exposure to trichloroethylene. (sjweh.fi)
This panel offers you comprehensive testing to assess exposure to common environmental toxins and the damage that can be caused by this exposure, all at a great value, and all from one urine sample. (biohelp.me)

Since this is caused by chemical exposure instead of noise exposure, this would not technically be NIHL. (ohsonline.com)
Administration includes styrene as a chemical it monitors in its Total Diet Study, and there are recent data. (who.int)
The ideal way to safeguard your hearing from chemical exposure is to take key precautions. (bowleshearing.com)
Spread the word about this organization that is not only helping to create more awareness of the problems we face today with environmental chemical exposure, but are also offering resources and tools to help us avoid future exposure as much as we can. (cindyklement.com)
The end result is that we will all have moved from building IV to newly renovated offices and similarly fresh laboratories at levels +1 and +2 of building III of the Chemical Center. (lu.se)

toxicity following styrene exposure. (cdc.gov)

Adhesive formulators have blended natural rubber latex with small amounts of styrene-butadiene latex, albeit with a negative impact on adhesive performance. (pdfslide.us)
A Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA) was used to characterize the adhesive with different levels of enrichment. (polito.it)
SLJ strength was found to be lower for moderate levels of adhesive enrichment, while it raised for higher weight percentages. (polito.it)

Cochleotoxicants can damage the hairs in the cochlea that are commonly damaged by high-noise exposures. (ohsonline.com)

Styrene is used in the manufacture of polystyrene and numerous copolymers and resins, and emissions result from manufacture and fabrication. (who.int)
In the United States, styrene ranked fifth in fugitive air emissions in 2005. (who.int)

The results of our data mining show (a) a significant correlation between exposure to xenoestrogens and increased, gender-related, cancer risk and (b) a need to re-evaluate agents so far defined as endocrine disruptors, as they are also key molecules in carcinogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Based on the results of the noise dosimetry, individuals are typically included in a formal hearing conservation program if their exposure exceeds the action level. (ohsonline.com)
This offgassing results in higher levels indoors than outdoors. (who.int)

Effect of a short, heavy exposure to lead dust upon blood lead level, erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and urinary excretion of lead delta-aminolevulinic acid coproporphyrin. (sjweh.fi)

Once areas of the facility with potential high-noise exposures are identified, most noise evaluations will then include personal sampling using noise dosimeters. (ohsonline.com)
The resulting hearing loss could be temporary or long-term, and the impact is worse when noise exposure is also at high levels. (bowleshearing.com)
The resulting hearing loss might be temporary or long-term, and the impact is even worse when noise exposure is also at high levels. (hearingdoctorsofga.com)
Low levels of phthalates can feminize the male brain of the fetus, while high levels can hyper-masculinize the developing male brain. (functional-labs.com)
High xylene levels may be due to the use of certain perfumes and insect repellents. (functional-labs.com)
This includes the fatty acid pathway, the beta oxidation pathway, which is how we move long chain fatty acids into the micochondria and if that pathway is inhibited, then we might see high levels of adipic and suberic acid and this often indicates an unmet need for magnesium or B2 or L-carnitine. (drweitz.com)
The impact is even worse with high levels of noise exposure, causing temporary or long-term hearing loss. (lambtonaudiology.com)

Some of these include energy levels, mental focus, emotional and pain responses. (drwendywells.com)
Besides smoke sources, indoor sources include consumer product off-gassing of residual styrene monomer in polymer and copolymer materials. (who.int)
HL vary and may include tinnitus (ringing levels: control of hypertension, amelioration tone sensation) and muffled or distorted of arthritis and decreasing consumption sounds [ 1 ]. (who.int)

In population studies, intermediate- and long-term, low-level exposures have led to reversible and nonreversible subclinical and clinical abnormalities in the CNS and PNS. (medscape.com)

To identify areas of concern, many safety professionals and industrial hygienists use a sound level meter (SLM) to identify areas in a facility where noise levels exceed 85 dBA. (ohsonline.com)
Styrene is released in wood burning, fuel combustion, and a number of industrial sources. (who.int)

Researchers have found that exposure to pesticides can be a factor, so can exposure to mercury. (cindyklement.com)

Based on this approach, epidemiological studies set off many activities to reduce pollution and prevent exposure. (biomedcentral.com)
The review covered use, exposure, and evidence for carcinogenicity from epidemiology, animal, mechanistic and other relevant studies. (who.int)
In personal monitoring studies, indoor sources produced greater exposures than outdoor. (who.int)

In a recent study in Leipzig, indoor sources dominated as well, with greater contributions to personal exposure from home than from office buildings (Gokhale et al. (who.int)
For the general population, aside from tobacco smoke, food appears to be the largest source of exposure, followed by indoor air. (who.int)

Styrene exposures via tap water are currently low in the United States. (who.int)
Nitrile-based products can be beneficial because they help repel water, but exposure can harm your hearing. (bowleshearing.com)
Nitrile-based products can be beneficial because they help repel water, but exposure can damage your hearing. (hearingdoctorsofga.com)
Nitrile-based products can be advantageous because they help repel water, but exposure can harm your hearing. (northhillshearingandbalancecenter.com)

Controlled experiments suggest that even piles of clean tyre shred or rubber crumb with a depth greater than around one metre may spontaneously ignite from ambient temperatures, if the level of ventilation is unfavourable. (hse.gov.uk)

There was no evidence of teratogenicity at any dose level (although a thorough evaluation was not possible due to the limited numbers of foetuses at the 1000 mg/kg dose level). (europa.eu)

Some facilities will simply provide hearing protection and not attempt to reduce noise levels. (ohsonline.com)
In fact, few facilities consider any exposures other than the recorded noise levels when addressing NIHL. (ohsonline.com)

The NTP review was finalized after peer review by the "Report on Carcinogens Expert Panel for Styrene" The Panel made conclusions about the evidence for the carcinogenicity of styrene. (who.int)

Your cortisol level is compared to the optimal range. (drwendywells.com)
Maybe you have an issue with your thyroid gland or your cardiovascular system and want to know more about what that system looks like when it's functioning at its optimal level, as well as what happens when that system goes awry. (cindyklement.com)

Since sound levels are measured on a logarithmic scale, determining the 50 percent dose is not as simple as dividing an exposure in half. (ohsonline.com)
At these dose levels there was a dose-related decrease in the number of live foetuses and intrauterine growth was retarded in foetuses which survived to day 20 of gestation. (europa.eu)

Test Single Lap Joints (SLJ) were made of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) adherends that were bonded using the modified thermoplastic HMA. (polito.it)

We examined the adjusted odds at different wealth index quintiles, at different educational attainment, and at different level of nutritional status measured by body mass index. (cdc.gov)

Exposure to styrene is common in the general population and in occupational settings. (who.int)
Levels of styrene of 10 ppb and above are common in a variety of food products. (who.int)
Table 1 lists common sources of organic solvent exposures. (medscape.com)

While there are numerous groups of people at risk, people in industries such as textiles, petroleum, automotive, plastics, and metal fabrication have greater exposure. (hear-virginia.com)

Higher levels have recently been found inside stores in some metropolitan US cities. (who.int)

Both AOX and LMS values returned to control levels after the recovery period. (univ-brest.fr)

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs7

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Health Care4

Geographicals1

Benzene11

Solvents4

Metabolites1

Inhalation2

Chronic2

Concentrations3

Chemicals9

Mandelic1

Biomarkers4

Carcinogenic1

Carbon2

Respiratory1

Highly toxic1

Polymorphisms2

Occupational Safety and Hea1

Liver2

Compounds2

Temporary or permanent hear1

Biological1

Oxidative stress2

Metabolism1

Workers5

Mitochondrial1

Effects5

ACGIH2

Workplace3

OSHA3

Environmental exposure3

Urine2

Chemical5

Toxicity1

Adhesive3

Commonly1

Emissions2

Results3

Urinary1

High7

Include3

Clinical1

Industrial2

Mercury1

Studies3

Indoor2

Water4

Temperatures1

Evaluation1

Noise2

Evidence1

Optimal2

Dose2

Made1

Nutritional1

Common3

Industries1

Found1

Control1