• Phenol has a distinct odor that is sickeningly sweet and tarry. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol is used primarily in the production of phenolic "chemical peels" to remove skin lesions with resins and in the manufacture of nylon and other phenol-containing products or are treated for synthetic fibers. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol sulfur transferase deficiency, in short PST deficiency, is the lack or the reduced activity of the functional enzyme phenol sulfur transferase, which is crucial in the detoxification of mainly phenolic compounds by catalysing the sulfate conjugation of the hydroxyl groups in the toxic phenolic compounds to result in more hydrophilic forms for more efficient excretion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Phenol sulfur transferase, in short PST or SULT1, is a subfamily of the enzyme cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) consisting of at least 8 isoforms in humans that catalyze the transfer of sulfuryl group from 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to phenolic compounds, resulting in more hydrophilic products that can be more easily expelled from tissues for excretion. (wikipedia.org)
  • PST deficiency can directly cause diseases by the resulted phenol sulfoconjugation defect which reduces the removal of toxic phenolic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the liver, where PST serves as one of the important enzymes involved in detoxification, the reduced transcriptional and translational levels of the PST genes would lead to the accumulation of phenolic xenobiotics and cause liver diseases like hepatic steatosis and cirrhosis, or even liver cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma when phenolic carcinogens are accumulated to trigger their developments. (wikipedia.org)
  • They observed that the phenolic compounds in the extracts altered the cells' development, reducing the adipocytes' fat content from 8%-56%, depending on the differing phenols used. (news-medical.net)
  • The findings suggested that different levels and chemical compositions of these phenolic compounds might prevent obesity or improve the insulin profile of people who are obese, Luna-Vital said. (news-medical.net)
  • Chlorogenic acids (CGA) and related compounds are the main components of the phenolic fraction of green coffee beans, reaching levels up to 14 % (dry matter basis). (scielo.br)
  • Despite the existence of substantial published information on the total levels of CGA in coffee, more research is needed on the composition of minor phenolic compounds and specific CGA isomers (and related substances) in green and roasted coffee beans, as well as their impact on coffee quality. (scielo.br)
  • Phenol can be found in air and water after release from the manufacture, use, and disposal of products containing phenol. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure occurs through breathing and dermal contact with contaminated air or by skin contact with products containing phenol. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenols are organic compounds that feature a hydroxyl group directly bonded to an aromatic carbocyclic ring. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • The considerable increase in strength, albeit phenols are still very weak acids, is due to the stabilisation of the 'phenoxide' anion by the negative charge being delocalised to some extent by the pi orbitals benzene (aromatic ring) - illustrated below. (docbrown.info)
  • Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations showed only detectable levels of acenaphthylene (208968), acenaphthene (83329), fluorene (86737), phenanthrene (85018), anthracene (120127), and naphthalene (91203). (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol is an aromatic alcohol. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Phenol solution can be used for a wide variety of molecular biology applications, including nucleic acid extractions using standard phenol-chloroform protocols. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Phenol-chloroform extraction is a broadly used method for the extraction of nucleic acids. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Despite phenol′s incomplete inhibition of RNase activity, it possesses characteristics that make it useful for isolating nucleic acids when combined with chloroform and alcohol. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Acid guanidinium thiocyanate, phenol, and chloroform extraction (AGPC) is a commonly used procedure to extract RNA from fresh frozen tissues and cell lines. (nih.gov)
  • for using the phenol/chloroform method. (cdc.gov)
  • Ingestion can occur through the use of products such as throat lozenges or sore throat sprays that contain phenol. (cdc.gov)
  • Always store household products and over-the- concentrations of phenol has resulted in internal burns counter medications that contain phenol in their and death. (cdc.gov)
  • They collected 55 personal breathing-zone air samples from students dissecting cadavers (25 for determination of formaldehyde exposure and 30 for determination of phenol exposure). (cdc.gov)
  • Results of the environmental sampling showed formaldehyde levels ranging from less than 0.02 mg/M3 to 3.3 mg/M3 (0.02 parts per million [ppm] to 2.7 ppm), indicating exposures sufficient to cause symptoms of irritation in most of the exposed students. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenols and cresols are much weaker as acids than common carboxylic acids (phenol has pKa = 9.88). (noaa.gov)
  • Some animals that drank water with very high suggest recent exposure to phenol or to substances that concentrations of phenol suffered muscle tremors and are converted to phenol in the body. (cdc.gov)
  • The substance phenol, methylstyrenated, Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number (CAS RN) Footnote 3 68512-30-1, referred to throughout this document as MSP Footnote 4 , was one of the 145 substances included in the screening assessment. (canada.ca)
  • In a study appearing in the Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology , researchers analyzed data collected by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and found that women exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances ( PFAS ), phenols, and parabens had higher odds of having been diagnosed with cancers of the breast, ovary, skin, and uterus. (commondreams.org)
  • 1997) adversely affected rooting of stem cuttings by reducing the levels of soluble endogenous plant substances which are responsible for cell division and metabolic activities. (scialert.net)
  • PHENOL melts at 40.6°C. White, pink or red liquid of distinctive odor. (noaa.gov)
  • The toxicity of thirty para-substituted phenols on Tetrahymena pyriformis was modelled using an original methodology that uses the complex structural information of the compounds. (ejbiotechnology.info)
  • The partial charge distribution by bonds (molecular topology) and space (molecular geometry) interaction proved to be related with the toxicity of para-substituted phenols on Tetrahymena pyriformis . (ejbiotechnology.info)
  • The toxicity of para-substituted phenols on Tetrahymena Pyriformis (a non-pathogenic unicellular protozoan) was studied by many researchers. (ejbiotechnology.info)
  • The main objective of the present study was to characterize the toxicity caused by para-substituted phenols on Tetrahymena pyriformis by using the molecular descriptors family on the structure-activity relationships approach. (ejbiotechnology.info)
  • If you are interested in the actual levels of toxicity of these compounds, the Risk Assessment Information System website provides you with all the necessary information. (h2g2.com)
  • The results obtained in this study showed that B toxicity reduced the level of carbohydrates in four commercial pepper cultivars grown in Greece and in other countries. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • Urine samples from 36 male and 30 female university students and 31 male factory workers with no known exposure to industrial organic solvents were analysed for hippuric acid, phenol, and trichloroacetic acid, which are the major metabolites of toluene, benzene, and trichloroethylene respectively. (bmj.com)
  • This public health statement tells you about phenol and the effects of exposure to it. (cdc.gov)
  • Larger or repeated releases of phenol can remain in Short-term exposure to phenol in the air can cause the air, water, and soil for much longer periods of time. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol does not build up in fish, other animals, People who had skin exposure to high amounts of or plants. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to high concentrations of phenol in the air for several weeks caused paralysis and severe injury to Phenol can be measured in blood and urine. (cdc.gov)
  • The ester bond linking BPA molecules in polycarbonate and resins undergoes hydrolysis, resulting in the release of free BPA into food, beverages, and the environment, and numerous monitoring studies now show almost ubiquitous human exposure to biologically active levels of this chemical. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast to these published findings, BPA manufacturers persist in describing BPA as a weak estrogen and insist there is little concern with human exposure levels. (nih.gov)
  • Our concern with human exposure to BPA derives from 1) identification of molecular mechanisms mediating effects in human and animal tissues at very low doses, 2) in vivo effects in experimental animals caused by low doses within the range of human exposure, and 3) widespread human exposure to levels of BPA that cause adverse effects in animals. (nih.gov)
  • Phenol levels ranged from less than 0.01 mg/M3 to 12.2 mg/M3, all within the NIOSH-recommended maximum occupational exposure level of 19.0 mg/M3. (cdc.gov)
  • We aimed to assess the associations of use of personal care products with urine biomarkers levels of phenols and paraben exposure, and whether urine levels (reflecting body burden of this chemical exposures) are associated with eczema, rhinitis, asthma, specific IgE and body mass index. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For many of these chemicals, OAT produces data on population-based exposure levels segmented by age, sex, and race or ethnicity and publishes this information in CDC's National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals . (cdc.gov)
  • A CDC lab in Atlanta measured biomarkers in urine samples for exposure to the various phenol chemicals. (naturalnews.com)
  • As olive oil gets older, it gradually breaks down, more free oleic acid is formed, the acidity level rises, and flavor weakens. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Extra-virgin oils keep better because they have a low acidity level to start with, but you should use lower-quality oils within months because they start out with higher acidity levels. (howstuffworks.com)
  • As oil sits on your shelf, its acidity level rises daily, and soon it is not palatable. (howstuffworks.com)
  • In a very strong acid, the pH level would be extremely low, indicating a high acidity. (proprofs.com)
  • Preparation of phenol-sulfuric acid reagent for colorimetric determination of total sugar content. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Milk lactose level was determined using neonatal intensive care unit follow-up clinic phenol reagent and sulfuric acid [ 4,5 ]. (who.int)
  • Ingestion of concentrated phenol can produce internal burns. (cdc.gov)
  • It is also used in slimicides (chemicals chronic pain or spasticity with injections of phenol. (cdc.gov)
  • No evidence was obtained to suggest that correction for urine concentration with either specific gravity or creatinine concentration minimizes individual variation of metabolite levels. (bmj.com)
  • A higher- the heart, liver, kidneys, and lungs, and in some cases, than-normal concentration of phenol in the urine may death. (cdc.gov)
  • The main parameter affecting the phenol degradation, i. e., ozone concentration, H 2 O 2 /phenol molar ratio and reaction time, were studied using statistical design of experiments to optimize the phenol degradation in terms of studied parameters. (degruyter.com)
  • For instance, the complete degradation can be achieved at six hours reaction time, 0.03 H 2 O 2 /phenol molar ratio, and 10 g/m 3 ozone concentration. (degruyter.com)
  • The levels of bioactive compounds are variable and may be affected by cultivar, maturity stage, and boron concentration in the soil solution. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • Fruits were sampled at 40 and 70 days and the concentration of carbohydrates, carotenoids, flavonoids, total phenols, and antioxidant activity (FRAP, DPPH) were measured. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • The cultivar Solario had the highest phenol concentration and also the highest FRAP value among the tested cultivars. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • From the result of the test administering individuals with paracetamol, it was found that the level of sulfate conjugate in urine was significantly lower in the autistic individuals as compared to the non-autistic controls, which was caused by the decreased ability in the formation of sulfated metabolites. (wikipedia.org)
  • 449 metabolites, 16 clinical parameters, and 6 bacteria (at the genus level) were significantly different between small and larger dogs. (hindawi.com)
  • Commercial phenol is a liquid that evaporates more slowly than water. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol evaporates consumer products, including mouthwashes and more slowly than water, and a moderate amount can form throat lozenges. (cdc.gov)
  • Almost 95 percent of the pregnant women were exposed to these endocrine-disrupting phenols during pregnancy. (naturalnews.com)
  • Contraindications to surgical therapy include allergy to local anesthetics, bleeding disorder, or pregnancy if phenol use is considered. (medscape.com)
  • 2,4-di-tert-butyl phenol and methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) were two of the major individual components detected. (who.int)
  • Anthocyanins are one class of phenols, and studies have associated the consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods with reduced risks of cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and certain types of cancer. (news-medical.net)
  • Combined ultrasound and low temperature pretreatment improve the content of anthocyanins, phenols and volatile substance of Merlot red wine. (bvsalud.org)
  • The results showed that ultrasound combined with low temperature pretreatment increased the total and monomer contents of anthocyanins and phenols , affected the color of the wine , and significantly increased its antioxidant capacity. (bvsalud.org)
  • Phenol can have beneficial effects when used medically urine cannot be used to predict the kind of health effects as an antiseptic or anesthetic. (cdc.gov)
  • Reported frequency of use of personal care products correlated very well with urine biomarker levels of paraben and phenols. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PHENOL does not behave as organic alcohols, as one might guess from the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) group in their structure. (noaa.gov)
  • There is usually no reaction with sodium hydrogencarbonate, although more strongly acidic than alcohols, phenols are still weaker than 'carbonic acid' and will not liberate carbon dioxide from carbonate or hydrogencarbonate ions. (docbrown.info)
  • Phenol is believed to reduce spasticity via direct neurolysis causing damage to the alpha motor fibers of the nerve(s) affected. (scireproject.com)
  • 1999). Phenol blocks have been used to successfully treat spasticity in a number of conditions including stroke, SCI, multiple sclerosis and cerebral palsy (Uchikawa et al. (scireproject.com)
  • This enzyme subfamily, which exists in nearly all human tissues, is important for the detoxification of phenol-containing xenobiotics or endogenous compounds, including the biotransformation of neurotransmitters and drugs. (wikipedia.org)
  • CYP96T1 is also the first phenol-coupling enzyme characterized from a monocot. (frontiersin.org)
  • When you breathe air containing phenol, most of the phenol will rapidly enter your body through your lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Low levels of phenol can be present in air and · Following small, single releases, phenol is rapidly drinking water. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenols are also nitrated very rapidly, even by dilute nitric acid. (noaa.gov)
  • Phenol is used as a disinfectant and is found in a number of consumer products. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol (108952) concentrations were below 0.01ppm. (cdc.gov)
  • The present work reports for the first time the HPLC analysis and in vitro antioxidant evaluation of mango peel phenols (MPPs) and their cytotoxic effect on the A549 lung cancer cell line. (mdpi.com)
  • is one of the best sources of carotenoids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, and antioxidant activity important in the human diet. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • the nicotine level, Data collection however, remains unchanged [ 7 ]. (who.int)
  • Previous studies were focused on just one of these periods, and were usually restricted to the study of bisphenol A, without including other phenols. (naturalnews.com)
  • Although the total number of NPL sites evaluated for this substance is not known, the possibility exists that the number of sites at which phenol is found may increase in the future as more sites are evaluated. (cdc.gov)
  • HIGHLIGHTS: Phenol is both a manufactured chemical and a natural substance. (cdc.gov)
  • You may be exposed to phenol if you live near substance. (cdc.gov)
  • Heat is also generated by the acid-base reaction between phenols and bases. (noaa.gov)
  • Bases have a higher pH level, which causes the paper to undergo a chemical reaction and change color to indicate the presence of a base. (proprofs.com)
  • The normal levels were less than 1·4 g./l. for hippuric acid, less than 80 mg./l. for phenol, and less than 1 mg./l. for trichloroacetic acid. (bmj.com)
  • Phenol pollutes water bodies and inhibits the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAR)-coupled chloride ATPase function in the fish brain. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Phenols are sulfonated very readily (for example, by concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature). (noaa.gov)
  • Phenol may explode in contact with peroxodisulfuric acid (D'Ans, J. Ber. (noaa.gov)
  • Phenols are very weakly acid when dissolved in water. (docbrown.info)
  • Phenol may be employed for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from Bacillus subtilis . (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Chemical removal of skin layers with peels (eg, trichloroacetic acid, phenol) and mechanical removal (ie, dermabrasion ) are effective modalities for facial rejuvenation. (medscape.com)
  • Day 2 and day 3 CM corresponding to each one of the embryos was analyzed, by quantitative PCR, for estimation of Cell-free DNA levels. (who.int)
  • In animals, breathing air with high levels of phenol resulted in irritation of the lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Similar to estradiol, BPA causes changes in some cell functions at concentrations between 1 pM and 1 nM, and the mean and median range of unconjugated BPA measured by multiple techniques in human pregnant maternal, fetal, and adult blood and other tissues exceeds these levels. (nih.gov)
  • Phenol that remains in soil may be broken down by bacteria or other microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol may persist in water for a week or more. (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol in soil is likely to move to groundwater. (cdc.gov)
  • This study aims to evaluate whether sous-vide cooking better preserves the (poly)phenol content and profile of red and white cardoon stalks versus traditional boiling, both before and after simulated oral-gastro-intestinal digestion. (unav.edu)
  • Although both varieties showed a similar profile, raw red cardoon had 1.7-fold higher (poly)phenol content than raw white cardoon. (unav.edu)
  • Culinary treatments decreased (poly)phenol content, but sous-vide cooked cardoon had a greater content than the boiled one, suggesting a protective effect. (unav.edu)
  • Phenol has been found in at least 595 of the 1,678 National Priority List (NPL) sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
  • Phenol is a major environmental contaminant produced by various industries. (degruyter.com)
  • The hazard levels for each human or environmental health endpoint are assigned by a toxicologist using the GreenScreen protocol developed by Clean Production Action. (pharosproject.net)
  • Research teams from the Nancy and Poitiers University Hospitals, the French biomedical and publich health research institution Inserm, the University of Grenoble Environmental Epidemiology team and the CDC have brought together new findings which indicate that certain chemical phenols can absorb into the skin of pregnant women and disrupt male fetal development, both in the womb and in the first three years of the baby's life. (naturalnews.com)
  • Large amounts of phenol are produced in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • The hazard levels (e.g. high, moderate, or low concern) are determined by the GreenScreen List Translator™ for most lists and by HBN for the remainder. (pharosproject.net)
  • If there are multiple listings for one endpoint, the hazard level displayed is the highest for the most authoritative category of lists. (pharosproject.net)
  • The level of sulfate in plasma was also found to be significantly lower in autistic children, leading to a reduced activity of PST. (wikipedia.org)
  • The biochemical analysis significantly recorded high levels of sugar and phenol for cuttings that were not leached in water. (scialert.net)
  • Contains a proprietary blend making it difficult to evaluate the ingredients in terms of their effective and safe dosage level. (consumerhealthdigest.com)
  • Champion Pet Food say their 'trusted' products are the world's best yet they are being sued for allowing their products Orijen and Acana to contain levels of arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium and/or bispenol A (BPA) which risk the health of cats who eat it. (pictures-of-cats.org)
  • Protein expression data for a selected number of clinically relevant markers, of which transcript and protein levels are known to be correlated, were in agreement with genomic and transcriptomic data obtained from the same AGPC lysate. (nih.gov)
  • Phenol can remain in water for a week or more. (cdc.gov)
  • Cyanobacteria (blue green algae) and eukaryotic micro algae were capable of biotransforming naphthalene to more water soluble phenol, 1-naphthol [ 1 ]. (omicsonline.org)