• First, nitrate assimilation is initiated by the uptake of nitrate from the root system, reduced to nitrite by nitrate reductase, and then nitrite is reduced to ammonia by nitrite reductase. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2) Proteins regulated via additional regulators, including proteins involved in NNR and NarR regulons: nitrate reductase beta-subunit, TonB-dependent receptors, nitrite reductase, a TenA-type transcription regulator, and an unknown protein with an alpha/beta hydrolase fold. (nih.gov)
  • The nitrite reductase NasG subunit was detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in cytoplasmic fractions from nitrate-grown cells, but it was not observed when either ammonium or glutamate was used as the N-source. (uea.ac.uk)
  • As part of one scientific family, he deals mainly with the area of Nitrogen assimilation, narrowing it down to issues related to the Nitrite reductase, and often Urea cycle, Arginase and Ferredoxin. (research.com)
  • The correlations between expression level of the nitrate-reductase, nitrite-reductase, ammonium transporter, and asparagine synthase genes and different agronomically important parameters were detected. (akjournals.com)
  • Nitrogen forms in this study comprised urea-based fertilizer (urea N 32%, F1), nitrate-based fertilizer (calcium ammonium nitrate N 15%, F2), and ammonium-based fertilizer (ammonium sulfate N 21%, F3). (mdpi.com)
  • A total of 74 genes were induced in cells grown with nitrate as N-source compared with ammonium, including nasTSABGHC and ntrBC genes. (uea.ac.uk)
  • The nasTS and nasABGHC transcripts were detected at similar levels with nitrate or glutamate as N-source, but nasABGHC transcript was undetectable in ammonium-grown cells. (uea.ac.uk)
  • On the contrary, the nasS mutant showed similar levels of the nasABGHC transcript to the wild-type strain and displayed NasG protein and NADH-nitrate reductase activity with all N-sources tested, except with ammonium. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Thereafter, thalli growth rate and propagule survival rate, adsorption of ammonium and nitrate, thalli N:P ratio and activity of phosphomonoesterase (PME), glutamine synthetase (GS), and nitrate reductase (NR) were determined. (linyekexue.net)
  • We also found that little nitrate was absorbed, while ammonium was absorbed efficiently. (linyekexue.net)
  • Nitrate, ammonium, and free amino acids content decreased with increased ketoprofen. (bvsalud.org)
  • Effect of ammonium or nitrate nutrition on net photosynthesis, growth, and activity of enzymes nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase in blueberry, raspberry and strawberry. (org.in)
  • nitrate and (or) ammonium salts were tested for their effect on the type of nitrogen metabolism found in diplodia maydis in vitro. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • the level of glutamate dehydrogenase remained essentially constant on either nitrogen salt but nitrate reductase was induced by growth on nitrate salts and was not extractable on ammonium salts. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • They transfer electrons from NADH or NADPH to nitrate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nitrate reductase of higher plants, algae, and fungi is a homodimeric cytosolic protein with five conserved domains in each monomer: 1) an Mo-MPT domain that contains the single molybdopterin cofactor, 2) a dimer interface domain, 3) a cytochrome b domain, and 4) an NADH domain that combines with 5) an FAD domain to form the cytochrome b reductase fragment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nitrate Reductase (NADH)" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Nitrate Reductase (NADH)" by people in this website by year, and whether "Nitrate Reductase (NADH)" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "Nitrate Reductase (NADH)" by people in Profiles. (uchicago.edu)
  • The nasT mutant lacked both nasABGHC transcript and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dependent nitrate reductase activity. (uea.ac.uk)
  • The pathway responsible for reducing most methemoglobin (95%-99%) back to hemoglobin is the NADH-dependant methemoglobin reductase system, in which the enzyme cytochrome-b5 reductase5plays a crucial role in a transfer of electrons from NADH to methemoglobin. (medscape.com)
  • The bifunctional CODH ( cdhAB-2 ) is predicted to play an ubiquitous role in the metabolism of CO, and a novel nitrate reductase-associated respiratory complex was induced specifically in the presence of sulfate. (hindawi.com)
  • NECi was founded to commercialize nitrate reductase, the focus of Dr. W.H. (Bill) Campbell's academic research on plant metabolism. (nitrate.com)
  • His Biochemistry study which covers Nitrate that intersects with Inorganic chemistry and Metabolism. (research.com)
  • In the second experiment (nutrient solution), Inocprom will be evaluated based on analyses related to N metabolism (activity of the enzymes nitrogenase, nitrate reductase and soluble N fractions), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, APX) and oxidative stress indicators (H2O2 and MDA), in addition to the quantification of hormones allied to microscopy technique. (fapesp.br)
  • 2004. Effects of nitrate nutrition on nitrogen metabolism in cassava. (org.in)
  • The role of nitrate reduction in the anoxic metabolism of roots II. (ox.ac.uk)
  • and (ii) that nitrate reduction in the WT roots results in a more acidifying metabolism. (ox.ac.uk)
  • It is the higher metabolic rate in the LNR-H roots that leads to the greater cytoplasmic acidification under anoxia despite the absence of a contribution from the metabolism of nitrate. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The difference in anaerobic metabolism could still be due to the presence or absence of nitrate reductase and the possibility that this could occur through the production of nitric oxide is discussed. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The inactivation of nitrate reductase has many steps and many different signals that aid in the inactivation of the enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • Specifically in spinach, the very first step of nitrate reductase inactivation is the phosphorylation of NR on the 543-serine residue. (wikipedia.org)
  • The very last step of nitrate reductase inactivation is the binding of the 14-3-3 adapter protein, which is initiated by the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nitrate reductase is phosphorylated in the dark by the calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and the sucrose non-fermenting related kinase 1 (SnRK1) that initiates the interaction of the enzyme with the 14-3-3 proteins and its inactivation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It occurs when there is a problem with an enzyme called cytochrome b5 reductase . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Nitrate reductase (NR) is regulated at the transcriptional and translational levels induced by light, nitrate, and possibly a negative feedback mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
  • The existence of a regulation mechanism for nitrate assimilation in P. denitrificans, by which nitrate induction operates at both transcriptional and translational levels, is proposed. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Mutational analysis of the ntrBCYX genes indicated that while ntrBC genes are required for nitrate assimilation, ntrYX genes can only partially restore growth on nitrate in the absence of ntrBC genes. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Ammonia assimilation in the roots of nitrate- and ammonia- grown Hordeum vulgare (cv. (org.in)
  • 1966. The regulation of activity of enzymes involved in the assimilation of nitrate by higher plants. (org.in)
  • This group contains SSU ribosomal protein S305 / sigma(54) modulation protein, and two short-chain reductase-dehydrogenase proteins. (nih.gov)
  • The nitrate reductase from plants-NECi's first enzyme product-reduces nitrate to nitrite, a first step in the chain that turns the elements into proteins and DNA. (nitrate.com)
  • Plants overexpressing 14-3-3 proteins also contained decreased levels of malate and citrate, which are intermediate compounds of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most intensively characterized 14-3-3 target proteins are nitrate reductase and H + -ATPase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The growth traits, leghemoglobin, nitrogen and carbohydrate content in the nodules, leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthesis efficiency, leaf water potential, activities of nitrate reductase, carbonic anhydrase and nitrogenase decreased proportionately with the increasing concentrations of nickel, whereas electrolyte leakage, various antioxidant enzymes viz. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • Studies were done measuring the nitrate uptake and nitrate reductase activity in anoxic conditions to see if there was a difference in activity level and tolerance to anoxia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here we review recent advances in the study of Al in plants at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels, focusing mainly on the beneficial effect of Al in plants (stimulation of root growth, increased nutrient uptake, the increase in enzyme activity, and others). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, Si uptake mechanism at molecular level poorly studied in horticulture crops. (researchsquare.com)
  • This reaction is critical for the production of protein in most crop plants, as nitrate is the predominant source of nitrogen in fertilized soils. (wikipedia.org)
  • The results of this study showed that the dramatic increase in nitrate reductase in anoxic conditions can be directly attributed to the anoxic conditions inducing the dissociation of 14-3-3 protein from NR and the dephosphorylation of the nitrate reductase. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this work, we analyzed the protein composition of four strains (wild type, FnrP-, NNR- and NarR-mutant strains) grown aerobically, semiaerobically and semiaerobically in the presence of nitrate to discover the global role of FNR-family transcription regulators using proteomics, with data validation at the transcript and genome levels. (nih.gov)
  • Our results revealed several types of regulation under the conditions tested: (1) FnrP-controlled regulation of nitrous oxide reductase, UspA and OmpW as confirmed at protein, transcript and DNA level (position of FNR boxes). (nih.gov)
  • Furthermore, iNOS protein expression of carotid artery and NO formation of serum were determined by Western blot and nitrate reductase, respectively. (xml-journal.net)
  • 1972. Inheritance of nitrate reductase activity, grain protein and straw protein in a hard red winter wheat cross. (org.in)
  • Thus, the importance of regulating nitrate reductase activity is to limit the amount of nitric oxide being produced. (wikipedia.org)
  • This increased activity of nitrate reductase was also related to an increase in nitrite release in the roots. (wikipedia.org)
  • A native PAGE gel stained for nitrate reductase activity revealed that only NapA from molybdate-grown cells displayed readily detectable nitrate reductase activity. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Although still a relatively small company, NECi's nitrate reductase dominates the biomedical research market for nitric oxide synthase activity kits. (nitrate.com)
  • Increased activity of nitrate reductase (NR), the enzyme that is important for making a form of nitrogen that can be used by plants. (seedworldusa.com)
  • THB1, a truncated hemoglobin, modulates nitric oxide levels and nitrate reductase activity. (mpg.de)
  • Ratios of in vivo to in vitro activity declined exponentially in all species with increasing nitrate reductase levels promoted by nutrient nitrate. (academicoo.com)
  • These differences in response to irradiance and nutrient nitrate indicate that the in vivo assay does not provide a simple measure of nitrate reductase but rather yields a more composite measure of nitrate reduction, possibly related both to nitrate reductase level and to the supply of reductant for in vivo activity. (academicoo.com)
  • The nitrogen concentration and nitrate reductase activity in leaves of pepper plants were determined. (edu.pl)
  • A positive correlation between the content N in leaves and the activity of the enzyme called nitrate reductase was observed. (edu.pl)
  • Coronel G. Chang M, Rodríguez-Delfín A. Nitrate Reductase Activity and Chlorophyll Content in Lettuce Plants Grown Hydroponically and organically. (journalijecc.com)
  • Nitrate reductase activity and nitrate content under two forms and three levels of nitrogen nutrition in Lolium perenne L. Journal of Plant Physiology, 132: 28-33. (org.in)
  • We showed that all four genes are expressed, although at different levels, and levels of inositol phosphatase activity did not fall significantly in any of the mutants obtained. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, the higher nitrate reductase activity of grafted plants under low nitrate conditions confirms that certain rootstocks have the potential to improve the NUE of grafted plants," they noted. (sapo.pt)
  • Disease activity and impairment were determined and artificial suction blisters were made on the CRPS1 and the contralateral extremities for measurements of IL-6, TNF-α, ET-1 and nitrate/nitrite (NOx). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Similar to the prokaryotic nitrate reduction mechanism, in eukaryotic nitrate reductase, an oxygen in nitrate binds to Mo in the (IV) oxidation state, displacing a hydroxide ion. (wikipedia.org)
  • His work was published in Nature ( Reduction of nitrate and nitrite in water by immobilized enzymes ) and attracted a flurry of press, drew business inquiries, and created a brand-new market for nitrate reductase. (nitrate.com)
  • However, it was aware that nitrite is formed in the human body by reduction of nitrate and that N-nitroso compounds can also be formed from nitrite and N-nitrosatable compounds under certain conditions. (inchem.org)
  • In addition to the saliva, secretion of nitrate occurs at other sites in the GI tract leading to reduction by the gut flora. (inchem.org)
  • Nitrate reductases are molybdoenzymes that reduce nitrate (NO− 3) to nitrite (NO− 2). (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies of nitroglycerin (an organic nitrate with a very short half-life) have shown that daily dose-free intervals of 10 to 12 hours are usually sufficient to minimize tolerance. (nih.gov)
  • Nitrostat (nitroglycerin) Sublingual Tablets are nitrates used to treat or prevent attacks of chest pain ( angina ). (rxlist.com)
  • Nitroglycerin, an organic nitrate, is a vasodilating agent. (rxlist.com)
  • This is the very reason why ORP (oxygen redox potential) levels drop significantly when decaying matter is present. (reefscapes.net)
  • Nitrate reductase assay. (bvsalud.org)
  • This colorimetric assay uses lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to destroy excess NADPH (cofactor for NOS) which interferes with the chemistry of Griess Reagent, commonly used for nitrite/nitrate detection. (emdmillipore.com)
  • Growth at increasing continuous irradiance (at high nutrient nitrate) and nutrient nitrate concentrations (at high continuous irradiance) furnished increases in the in vivo and in vitro nitrate reductase activities of corn (Zea mays L.), field peas (Pisum arvense L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosa L.) leaves and of marrow (Cucurbita pepo L.) cotyledons. (academicoo.com)
  • The ratio also increased at the highest irradiance (39.2 klux) in wheat and barley, associated with a decline of in vitro nitrate reductase. (academicoo.com)
  • It is the second nitrate reductase enzyme which it can substitute for the NRA enzyme in Escherichia coli allowing it to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic respiration. (wikipedia.org)
  • A transmembrane nitrate reductase that can function as a proton pump (similar to the case of anaerobic respiration) has been discovered in a diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nitrate reductase (NR), Glutamine synthatase (GS), Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and Aspartate aminotransaminase (AspAT) were assayed in flag leaves and roots of four pearl millet genotypes, started from ear emergence till grain maturity at four days intervals. (org.in)
  • Because nitrate reductase is in plants naturally, you're eating a healthy diet when you eat them every day. (nitrate.com)
  • Effect of different levels of nitrogen and potassium on growth, yield and chemical composition of broccoli plants grown under saline conditions. (journalijecc.com)
  • Decreases in the levels of sugars and nitrogen-containing-compounds and in the activities of known 14-3-3-interacting-enzymes were observed in 14-3-3 overexpression plants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In plants high levels of SO 2 lead to the formation of sulfite and bisulfite ions, which cause cells to open more widely, leading to water loss and the entry of gaseous pollutants. (rsc.org)
  • Although the mechanism whereby NOA1 affects NO production in plants has not been throughly elucidated, noa1 , which exhibits an reduced endogenous NO level, is also a valuable material for studies on NO function in plant. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two varieties of V. radiata, one sensitive to Ni (PDM-139) and the other tolerant to Ni (T-44), were sown in the soil fed with different levels (0, 50, 100 or 150 mg kg −1 ) of Ni, and at 29-day stage, foliage of plants was applied with deionized water (control), 10 −8 or 10 −6 M of HBL. (uaeu.ac.ae)
  • grafted plants needed less nitrate in the nutrient solution to reach half maximum shoot dry weight. (sapo.pt)
  • BACKGROUND: RBC folate concentrations are monitored at the population level, with a recommended threshold for optimal neural tube defect (NTD) prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • ScienceDaily (Dec. 29, 2010) - Most agricultural crops require large quantities of nitrate-rich fertilizer to realize optimal yields. (sapo.pt)
  • 1967. The role of carbon dioxide, light and nitrate in the synthesis and degradation of nitrate reductase in lines of Perilla fructescens. (org.in)
  • They released the first recombinant nitrate reductase to the market as a reliable and cost-effective reagent for nitrate detection. (nitrate.com)
  • Finally, the putative oxidoreductase Lsa0165, also less expressed on ribose, belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases family (SDR), possibly a glucose dehydrogenase. (hormonessignaling.com)
  • Type 1 (also called erythrocyte reductase deficiency) occurs when RBCs lack the enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Type 2 (also called generalized reductase deficiency) occurs when the enzyme doesn't work in the body. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Isosorbide dinitrate, an organic nitrate, is a vasodilator with effects on both arteries and veins. (nih.gov)
  • This strategy is inappropriate for organic nitrates. (nih.gov)
  • The daily dose-free interval sufficient to avoid tolerance to organic nitrates has not been well defined. (nih.gov)
  • Few well-controlled clinical trials of organic nitrates have been designed to detect rebound or withdrawal effects. (nih.gov)
  • major exceptions were marrow and wheat at low (1.5 klux and less) irradiances and peas throughout the irradiance range, where decreases in the ratio were accompanied by increases in in situ nitrate concentration. (academicoo.com)
  • ABSTRACT Genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Lebanon on the national level may be beneficial for assessing patients and monitoring the therapeutic response to DOTS. (who.int)
  • The treatment of seeds with calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) enhanced the NO level in Arabidopsis seedlings under HS conditions, whereas treatment with EGTA (a Ca 2+ chelator) reduced it, implicating that CNGC6 stimulates the accumulation of NO depending on an increase in cytosolic Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] cyt ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the dog, in addition to strong salivary secretion, large quantities of nitrate were excreted in the bile following i.v. administration of nitrite, thus confirming this pathway of excretion as well as oxidation of nitrite in vivo (Walker, in press). (inchem.org)
  • The enterosalivary nitrate‐nitrite‐nitric oxide pathway is an alternative pathway of nitric oxide generation, potentially linking the oral microbiome to insulin resistance and blood pressure (BP). (ahajournals.org)
  • When IclR levels are low or when IclR is inactivated, i.e. for cells growing on acetate [18-20], or in slow-growing glucose-utilizing cultures [21, 22], repression on glyoxylate genes is released and the glyoxylate pathway is activated. (hormonessignaling.com)
  • Alternative pathways by which methemoglobin can be reduced, which become more important in deficiencies of the primary pathway, involve the NADPH-methemoglobin reductase system, reducing agents such as ascorbic acid, and reduced glutathione. (medscape.com)
  • 05). The serum level of NO in patients was significantly higher than that of the control group in Huangling county (P<0.05) ,however,compared with control group in Xi'an city, there was no difference (P>0.05). (bvsalud.org)
  • Paracoccus pantotrophus grown anaerobically under denitrifying conditions expressed similar levels of the periplasmic nitrate reductase (NAP) when cultured in molybdate- or tungstate-containing media. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Mutants lacking either impA ( Rv1604 ) or suhB ( Rv2701c ) were isolated in the absence of exogenous inositol, and no differences in levels of PIMs, LM, LAM or mycothiol were observed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cleverness of NECi was to use nitrate reductase to replace toxic cadmium reagents for reliable and environmentally benign nitrate measurements. (nitrate.com)
  • this paper reports the levels of cadmium in corn grain and stover for six years -- three years with sludge applied annually and for three years after sludge applications were terminated. (liverpool.ac.uk)
  • We hypothesized that increased abundance of nitrate‐reducing oral bacteria would be associated with lower levels of cardiometabolic risk cross‐sectionally. (ahajournals.org)
  • Serum levels reach their maxima about an hour after ingestion. (nih.gov)
  • Objective To investigate the serum coxsackie virus B(CVB) infection and nitric oxide (NO)level of the patients suffer from latent or chronic Keshan disease and their characteristics in the etiopathology of Keshan disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Then, we looked for cases with delay of TB conversion.Results: In total, 24 patients were identified, for whom TDM was performed, they all had low serum drug levels. (bvsalud.org)
  • While in roots a steep declining trend was observed in NR, GS and AspAT and reached to almost non-detectable level till maturity while GDH increased up to 6 DAA and then decreased sharply irrespective of the genotypes. (org.in)
  • LNR-H roots also produced substantially more ethanol and lactate than WT roots under anoxia, and their sugar and sugar-P content, as well as their ATP levels, remained higher. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The ntrBC and ntrYX genes were expressed at low levels regardless of the nitrogen source supporting growth. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Effect of Different levels of Liquid Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Growth, Yield and Quality of Broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. (journalijecc.com)
  • Growth depression was observed at higher dose levels. (inchem.org)
  • Then they collaborated with my lab by open sourcing a new photometer, which radically undercut the cost of other methods to detect nitrates using their nitrate reductase enzymes. (nitrate.com)
  • Only after nitrates have been absent from the body for several hours has their anti-anginal efficacy been restored. (nih.gov)
  • The treatments consisted of a control (non-inoculated), individual inoculations with Azospirillum brasilense (Azo), Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf), Bacillus subtilis (Bs) and combined with Azo+Pf and Azo+Bs, associated with levels: i) absent (0 mg N kg-1), ii) low (50 mg N kg-1), iii) adequate (150 mg N kg-1) and iv) high (300 mg N kg-1) nitrogen fertilization. (fapesp.br)
  • Therefore, homemade baby food purees made from vegetables containing high levels of natural nitrates, such as carrots, beetroots, or spinach should be avoided. (medlineplus.gov)
  • For example, intensive agricultural crop fertilization and livestock production often cause harmful levels of nitrate. (nitrate.com)
  • The dilemma for growers is finding ways to balance the amount of nitrogen needed for production while minimizing potentially harmful nitrates that can leach into ground and surface waters. (sapo.pt)
  • Multiple membrane-bound heterodisulfide reductase (DsrMK) could promote both energy-conserving and non-energy-conserving menaquinol oxidation. (hindawi.com)
  • An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate. (uchicago.edu)
  • The nasT and nasS genes were cotranscribed, although nasT was more strongly induced by nitrate than nasS. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Expression of NUE genes was analyzed at three different N-supply levels in five potato genotypes. (akjournals.com)
  • The results of the present study confirm that lithium has superior efficacy to oxalic acid sublimation both as a main or a supplementary pre-wintering treatment at moderate infestation levels, restricted to certain pre-wintering conditions. (akjournals.com)
  • The IPY-project 'COPOL' has a main objective of understanding the dynamic range of man-made contaminants in marine ecosystems of polar regions, in order to better predict how possible future climate change will be reflected in levels and effects at higher trophic levels. (amap.no)
  • This aim will be addressed by 4 integrated work packages covering the scopes of 1) food web contaminant exposure and flux, 2) transfer to higher trophic levels and potential effects, 3) chemical analyses and screening, 4) synthesis and integration. (amap.no)