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Recombination, GeneticHomologous RecombinationCrossing Over, GeneticRad52 DNA Repair and Recombination ProteinV(D)J RecombinationBase SequenceMeiosisMolecular Sequence DataIntegrasesDNA RepairModels, GeneticRad51 RecombinaseGene ConversionMutationRecombinasesDNA NucleotidyltransferasesChromosome MappingVDJ RecombinasesPlasmidsDNA Breaks, Double-StrandedDNA-Binding ProteinsEvolution, MolecularImmunoglobulin Class SwitchingPhylogenySaccharomyces cerevisiaeRec A RecombinasesGenetic VariationDNA, FungalAllelesAttachment Sites, MicrobiologicalChromosomes, FungalEscherichia coliDNASequence Analysis, DNADNA HelicasesImmunoglobulin Joining RegionChromosome PairingDNA DamageGenetic MarkersCrosses, GeneticGenes, RAG-1ExodeoxyribonucleasesGenetic LinkageGene RearrangementImmunoglobulin Switch RegionChromosomesRepetitive Sequences, Nucleic AcidGene TargetingBacteriophage lambdaDNA ReplicationSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsDNA, BacterialGenome, ViralExodeoxyribonuclease VSynaptonemal ComplexRestriction MappingRecombinational DNA RepairDNA, Single-StrandedDNA, CruciformEndodeoxyribonucleasesSelection, GeneticDNA Transposable ElementsCloning, MolecularBlotting, SouthernGene DeletionDNA, ViralAmino Acid SequenceChromosome InversionGene Rearrangement, B-LymphocytePolymerase Chain ReactionGenotypeGenes, FungalNucleic Acid HeteroduplexesChromosomes, BacterialSister Chromatid ExchangeDiploidyEndonucleasesCell LineRecQ HelicasesHaploidyDNA Repair EnzymesGenomic InstabilityPhenotypeGenetic VectorsTransformation, GeneticNuclear ProteinsDNA PrimersSequence AlignmentDNA, RecombinantGenes, BacterialGenes, ImmunoglobulinMutagenesis, InsertionalImmunoglobulin Variable RegionMutagenesisHaplotypesNucleic Acid ConformationFungal ProteinsChromosome BreakageBacterial Proteins

HomologousGenesReplicationClass switch recombMeiotic recombinationProteinGeneticMitosisMeiosisMechanismsMutationsPlasmidsKINETICSDeficiencyLociSomaticMitoticOccursLocusRegulationProteinsMolecularInvolvesInitiationOccurMechanismFrequencyAdvancesAbstractHeterozygousTypeSerumEnablesPracticeYeastHigh levelsEffectProcessExposureSpeciesSeparationModelSpontaneousExpression2023

Homologous20

• The breast cancer suppressor protein BRCA2 has an important role in double-strand break repair via homologous recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
• Mutational analysis of BRCA2 by Schlacher and her colleagues enabled the separation of functions required for homologous recombination and for fork protection. (biomedcentral.com)
• Thus, BRCA2 maintains genomic integrity both through homologous recombination and by the protection of nascent strands during DNA replication. (biomedcentral.com)
• Similar to ph2 mutant phenotype, we show that mutating MSH7-3D induces a substantial increase in homoeologous recombination (up to 5.5 fold) in wheat-wild relative hybrids, which is also associated with a reduction in homologous recombination. (nature.com)
• ZIP4 is a ZMM protein involved in homologous recombination and may act as a hub through physical interactions with components of the chromosome axis and other ZMMs 19 . (nature.com)
• However, their circularity makes homologous recombination a threat to their integrity and maintenance. (gla.ac.uk)
• Any number of homologous recombination events between linear homologous chromosomes generates linear products that have the same overall structure as their parents. (gla.ac.uk)
• It has been proposed that this recombination converts chromosome multimers formed by homologous recombination back to monomers in order that they can be segregated prior to cell division. (gla.ac.uk)
• Single strand annealing proteins (SSAPs) like Redβ initiate homologous recombination by annealing complementary DNA strands. (nature.com)
• We show that C-terminally truncated Redβ, whilst still able to promote annealing and nucleoprotein filament formation, is unable to mediate homologous recombination. (nature.com)
• Also, they share a similar protein architecture based on an N-terminal ssDNA binding domain of ~180 amino acids and a C-terminal extension that in the case of RAD52 is required for homologous recombination (HR) through specific protein-protein interactions 6 . (nature.com)
• Homologous recombination inserts the DNA and disrupts the target gene, allowing rapid selection of cells with the inserted gene. (i-sis.org.uk)
• Both homologous recombination, in which the ends of the broken DNA seek out intact templates with the same sequence, and nonhomologous end-joining pathways are found in Saccharomyces as they are in humans. (brandeis.edu)
• Analysis of homologous recombination. (brandeis.edu)
• Recombination between homologous sequences is a fundamentally important process both in meiosis and in mitotic cells. (brandeis.edu)
• This "in vivo biochemistry" approach has enabled us to demonstrate that there are in fact several independent, competing pathways of homologous recombination, each with its own genetic requirements. (brandeis.edu)
• Confirmed HRD (Homologous recombination defect) in germline and/or somatic DNA analysis (tumour or blood), by a validated assay (see Appendix 1). (urotoday.com)
• Exon 8 of the mouse α 6 subunit gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. (jneurosci.org)
• Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species as well as impaired homologous recombination repair underlie this DNA damage. (bepress.com)
• When a HEG is integrated into its recognition sequence in the genome, its protein product acts to cleave its cognate site on the homologous chromosome and gene conversion or homologous recombination can result in a new copy of the HEG being inserted. (plos.org)

Genes5

• Twelve years ago, Japanese scientists reported that a transgenic yeast engineered for increased rate of fermentation with multiple copies of one of its own genes ended up accumulating the metabolite methylglyoxal at toxic, mutagenic levels [4]. (i-sis.org.uk)
• Genes to be inserted by legitimate recombination need to be flanked by short sequences of the gene at the insertion site. (i-sis.org.uk)
• Omenn syndrome is the result of mutations in the genes coding for recombinases (recombination activating genes). (medscape.com)
• Validation in a cell model showed that TGF-ß1 induced expression of 9 transcription factors (encoded by Snai1, Irf8, Bhlhe40, Junb, Arid5a, Vdr, Lef1, Myc, Tcf7), while the expression levels of the other 4 genes did not significantly change after TGF-ß1 treatment. (bvsalud.org)
• To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

Replication10

• A report of the Keystone Symposium 'DNA Replication and Recombination' held in Keystone, USA, 27 February to 4 March 2011. (biomedcentral.com)
• The triennial Keystone Symposium on 'DNA Replication and Recombination' brought together researchers working on various aspects of genome duplication, recombination and repair. (biomedcentral.com)
• A clear trend of this exciting meeting was a further shift from 'ovals and arrows' models to a more mechanistic understanding of the processes underlying DNA replication and recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
• Several of the presentations revealed an intimate link between DNA replication and DNA recombination, bringing these two fields closer together than ever. (biomedcentral.com)
• Botchan's work further indicates that Cdc45 has a structure similar to the bacterial recombination protein RecJ, linking replication and recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
• The replication terminus region of the E. coli chromosome encodes a locus, dif, that is required for normal chromosome segregation at cell division, dif is a substrate for site-specific recombination catalysed by the related chromosomally encoded recombinases XerC and XerD. (gla.ac.uk)
• The results of kinetic studies, analysis with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes, and the use of phosphonoacetic acid, a specific inhibitor of poxvirus DNA polymerase, indicated that recombination between transfecting DNAs occurred concomitantly with DNA replication but that the two processes could be partially uncoupled. (ox.ac.uk)
• We are interested in understanding at the molecular level how recombination occurs and what roles are played by the many proteins involved in DNA recombination, repair and replication. (brandeis.edu)
• We are interested in determining what are the specific biochemical roles played by the many proteins implicated in DNA recombination, repair and replication. (brandeis.edu)
• Mechanisms for maintaining genetic information during cell division and the generation of genetic variation: replication, mitosis, meiosis, recombination. (lu.se)

Class switch recomb1

• The NFκB member, cRel, is important in activated B cell proliferation, survival and also in class switch recombination (CSR) and IRF4 induction in vitro. (bham.ac.uk)

Meiotic recombination4

• Meiotic recombination is a critical process for plant breeding, as it creates novel allele combinations that can be exploited for crop improvement. (nature.com)
• In wheat, a complex allohexaploid that has a diploid-like behaviour, meiotic recombination between homoeologous or alien chromosomes is suppressed through the action of several loci. (nature.com)
• The genetics of chromosome pairing and meiotic recombination is complicated by the allopolyploid nature of many crops, a widespread feature in the plant kingdom 3 . (nature.com)
• Ataxialike disorder (ATLD) syndrome involves a mutation in meiotic recombination 11 homolog (MRE11). (medscape.com)

Protein9

• Here, we report positional cloning of Pairing homoeologous 2 (Ph2) and functional validation of the wheat DNA mismatch repair protein MSH7-3D as a key inhibitor of homoeologous recombination, thus solving a half-century-old question. (nature.com)
• As evaluated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments, the dsDNA recombination function relates to the Redα-Redβ protein-protein interaction, which requires not only contacts in the C-terminal domain but also a region near the N-terminus. (nature.com)
• Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
• This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
• Below are the most recent publications written about "Immunoglobulin J Recombination Signal Sequence-Binding Protein" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
• We have shown that the invasion of DNA strands into a donor template region requires the action of the chromatin remodeling protein Rad54 that enables the recombination machinery to gain access to "closed" regions of DNA. (brandeis.edu)
• Artemis deficiency (with mutations in the Artemis protein resulting in defective VDJ recombinationD decreases both T cells and B cells and can be considered part of a subset of SCIDs. (medscape.com)
• Elevated Levels of Rad51 Recombination Protein in Tumor Cells. (mpg.de)
• Here, removal of intact α 6 protein from cerebellar granule cells allowed perturbations in other subunit levels to be studied. (jneurosci.org)

Genetic5

• We identified by linkage disequilibrium and recombination analyses only limited genetic recombination, which occurred exclusively within the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene subtype IbA10G2, a predominant subtype for outbreaks in industrialized nations and a virulent subtype in the study community. (cdc.gov)
• Intensive transmission of virulent subtype IbA10G2 in the study area might have resulted in genetic recombination with other subtypes. (cdc.gov)
• High levels of genetic recombination among cotransfected plasmid DNAs in poxvirus-infected mammalian cells. (ox.ac.uk)
• Recombination frequencies were calculated by Southern blotting, which detects novel plasmid restriction fragments generated by genetic recombination, and by a plasmid rescue procedure in which the reconstruction of an intact tetracycline gene in the transfected rabbit cell was monitored by transformation back into Escherichia coli. (ox.ac.uk)
• Our Core Cancer panels consist of essential gene sets that provide necessary information for genetic tumor biomarker profiling at the molecular level. (unilabs.ch)

Mitosis1

• Finally we are interested in comparing how recombination occurs in mitosis and in meiosis. (brandeis.edu)

Meiosis2

• 2013. "A Wisp3 Cre-knockin Allele Produces Efficient Recombination in Spermatocytes during Early Prophase of Meiosis I." PLoS ONE 8 (9): e75116. (harvard.edu)
• The only tissue that had high levels of Cre-mediated recombination was the testis, where recombination in spermatocytes occurred by early prophase of meiosis I. As a consequence, males that were double heterozygous for a Wisp3GFP-Cre and a floxed allele only contributed a recombined allele to their offspring. (harvard.edu)

Mechanisms2

• S. Martini, A. Marques, M. Marques, A. Quivy and L. Teles, "Radiative Recombination Mechanisms of Large InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots," World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics , Vol. 1 No. 4, 2011, pp. 161-166. (scirp.org)
• Molecular mechanisms for regulation of gene expression at different levels: remodeling of chromatin, initiation of transcription, nuclear transport and signalling, and RNA interference. (lu.se)

Mutations3

• Mutations of the C-terminal domain were evaluated using both single- and double stranded (ss and ds) substrates in recombination assays. (nature.com)
• Mutations of critical amino acids affected either dsDNA recombination or both ssDNA and dsDNA recombination indicating two separable functions, one of which is critical for dsDNA recombination and the second for recombination per se . (nature.com)
• Plasmid derivatives of pBR322 containing XhoI linker insertion mutations in the tetracycline gene were used to assess recombination frequencies in rabbit cells infected with the leporipoxviruses Shope fibroma virus and myxoma virus and the orthopoxvirus vaccinia virus. (ox.ac.uk)

Plasmids1

• In Escherichia coli and related bacteria, we believe that both plasmids and the bacterial chromosome use site-specific recombination to convert multimers to monomers. (gla.ac.uk)

KINETICS1

• British Library EThOS: Charge recombination kinetics in dye sensitised nanocrystalline solar cells. (bl.uk)

Deficiency1

• Deficiency of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) elevates intracellular levels of deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine, respectively. (medscape.com)

Loci1

• To this end we have expressed the site-specific HO endonuclease in meiotic cells so that we can compare recombination events at the same loci where we have used HO to stimulate recombination in mitotic cells. (brandeis.edu)

Somatic1

• V(D)J recombination is the mechanism of somatic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation. (wikipedia.org)

Mitotic1

• Cells with even one mutant copy of RB1 have increased basal levels of DNA damage and increased mitotic errors. (bepress.com)

Occurs1

• V(D)J recombination in mammals occurs in the primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow for B cells and thymus for T cells) and in a nearly random fashion rearranges variable (V), joining (J), and in some cases, diversity (D) gene segments. (wikipedia.org)

Locus3

• In the developing B cell, the first recombination event to occur is between one D and one J gene segment of the heavy chain locus. (wikipedia.org)
• Recent evidence now points to TaZIP4-B2 (the additional ZIP4 copy on 5BL) as being responsible for the effect of this locus on homoeologous recombination 20 , 21 . (nature.com)
• Next, the mutant gene is inserted into the yeast at a specific locus, a step that involves legitimate recombination. (i-sis.org.uk)

Regulation1

• We have shown that this regulation involves the action of a small Recombination Enhancer (RE) sequence that enables a donor on the left chromosome arm to recombine preferentially in MATa cells. (brandeis.edu)

Proteins3

• It is shown that the only DNA sequences required for wild-type dif function in the terminus region of the chromosome are contained within 33 bp known to bind XerC and XerD, and that certain active site residues of the Xer proteins known to be involved in the catalysis of recombination are required for normal chromosome segregation. (gla.ac.uk)
• As opposed to single strand (ss) DNA binding proteins such as SSB and RPA, which protect and occlude ssDNA from recombination, RAD52/Redβ SSAPs promote recombination and share several biochemical similarities. (nature.com)
• One method developed for making high ethanol yeast, for example, involves site-specific mutagenesis (see below) of regulatory proteins controlling a metabolic network for ethanol production, to make the yeast tolerate high levels of ethanol and glucose [2]. (i-sis.org.uk)

Molecular1

• Using synchronized cells undergoing recombination that is initiated at a specific site on a chromosome by an inducible endonuclease, we use physical monitoring techniques (Southern blots, PCR analysis) to follow the sequence of molecular events that occur in real time. (brandeis.edu)

Involves1

• In other words, the first step of recombination for the light chains involves the joining of the V and J chains to give a VJ complex before the addition of the constant chain gene during primary transcription. (wikipedia.org)

Initiation1

• Rag-1 and Rag-2 and initiation of Ig recombination events [7]. (lu.se)

Occur1

• Since neither the dif/Xer, nor the loxP/Cie system caused this suppression when located in other positions on the chromosome, close to oriC or within lacZ, this reinforces the idea that site-specific recombination must occur in the terminus region in order to allow normal chromosome segregation. (gla.ac.uk)

Mechanism1

• We conclude that the dramatic expansion of recombination activities in the cytoplasm of poxvirus-infected cells is virus specific and offers a good model system with which to analyze the mechanism of recombination in a eucaryotic environment. (ox.ac.uk)

Frequency3

• The frequency of recombination between transfected plasmid DNAs was measured by using cultured cells infected with a variety of poxviruses. (ox.ac.uk)
• The highest recombination frequencies were measured in cells infected with Shope fibroma virus and myxoma virus, and a minimum recombination frequency of at least one recombination event per 7 kilobases was calculated within 24 h posttransfection under these conditions. (ox.ac.uk)
• The deduced recombination frequency in vaccinia virus-infected cells was at least fivefold lower and was not detectable in mock-infected cells, suggesting that the induced recombination activity detected by these methods was under viral control. (ox.ac.uk)

Advances1

• Medical genetics: advances in brief: Levels of naturally occuring DNA polymorphism correlate with recombination rates in. (ox.ac.uk)

Abstract1

• abstract = "A statistical treatment is given of the generation-recombination noise in a semiconductor with a conduction band and two traps X and Y. The system is described in terms of x and y, where x is half the harmonic mean of the numbers of occupied and empty traps X. A corresponding definition is given for y. (tue.nl)

Heterozygous3

• Primary macrophages heterozygous for C1858T variant produced higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (bham.ac.uk)
• the double heterozygous offspring had evidence of Cre-mediated recombination in several tissues. (harvard.edu)
• We detected no evidence of Cre-mediated recombination in the female ovary, although when double heterozygous females contributed the reporter allele to their offspring it had recombined ~7% of the time. (harvard.edu)

Type2

• The δ subunit mRNA was present at wild-type levels in the mutant granule cells, indicating a post-translational loss of the δ subunit. (jneurosci.org)
• We analyzed the dependence of the integrated-photoluminescence intensity on the excitation-power density and the type of radiative recombination involving the electronic ground state and the excited states inside the quantum dots. (scirp.org)

Serum1

• They have poor antibody responses to polysaccharide antigens but elevated levels of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) with low levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM). (medscape.com)

Enables1

• Descriptors are arranged in a hierarchical structure, which enables searching at various levels of specificity. (harvard.edu)

Practice2

• This paper reviewed the research process and progress of bamboo recombination technology, the existing technical problems and prospects, in order to provide references for future research on bamboo recombination theory and production practice. (hindawi.com)
• A low merging scale will correct the parton shower in much of phase space, but the multiplicity to which the tree-level matrix elements must be evaluated is then very large (and in practice the maximum multiplicity is limited). (lu.se)

Yeast1

• Site-specific mutagenesis has been used to make yeast produce and tolerant high levels of ethanol [2, 7]. (i-sis.org.uk)

High levels1

• He referred to efforts made by the laboratories to maintain the high levels of performance achieved and to respond to programme needs. (who.int)

Effect1

• Understand the free-carrier Hall effect, deep levels, and the Shockley-Read-Hall model. (avs.org)

Process2

• This paper mainly introduced the research and development process of bamboo recombination technology in China, analyzed the current research status and main problems of key science and technology, and put forward some useful suggestions for the sustainable development of bamboo recombination industry and the improvement of product performance. (hindawi.com)
• the latter become however essential whenever level misalignment hinders the CT process. (lu.se)

Exposure3

• A detailed review of exposure levels in China and elsewhere has recently been published (Tang et al. (who.int)
• None of the data located were reliable enough to determine levels of significant exposure (LSE). (cdc.gov)
• 2. HEALTH EFFECTS the duration and level of exposure. (cdc.gov)

Species1

• in specimens were genetically characterized at the species level by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene ( 14 ) and at the subtype level by DNA sequence analysis of the gp60 gene ( 15 ). (cdc.gov)

Separation1

• The energy level separation increases (blue shifts) with increasing wave function confinement (constriction). (springer.com)

Model1

• These data further advance the model for Red recombination and the proposition that Redβ and RAD52 SSAPs share ancestral and mechanistic roots. (nature.com)

Spontaneous1

• Explore real-world spontaneous situations by skill or level. (actfl.org)

Expression1

• We found that 3′-UTR choice was important to maximise expression levels, with HEG activity increasing as we employed Hsp70, SV40, vasa and βTub56D derived UTRs. (plos.org)

20231

• 2023) Past climate-driven range shifts structuring intraspecific biodiversity levels of the giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) at global scales. (sb-roscoff.fr)