• Currently, 18 subtypes have been reported: 12 are type I (dysfunctional lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor synthesis), and 6 are type II (dysfunctional trimming/processing of the protein-bound oligosaccharide), including leukocyte adhesion deficiency II (CDG-IIc). (medscape.com)
  • The effect of chemotherapeutic agents - cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, procarbazine, vinblastine and vincristine - generally applied in the treatment of human cancer were tested on the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (karger.com)
  • The ability of bacteria to aggregate and form biofilms impairs phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). (ku.dk)
  • Although phagocytosis and killing by mononuclear leukocytes was less efficient than that by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, only mononuclear leukocytes were able to degrade E. coli PC2166 DNA. (jci.org)
  • Although we observed no DNA degradation during phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lysates of both polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes contained acid-DNase activity with a pH optimum of 4.9. (jci.org)
  • However, the DNase activity of mononuclear leukocytes was 20 times higher than that of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (jci.org)
  • Leukotriene B4 induces formation of inositol phosphates in rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) induced rapid breakdown of prelabeled inositol phospholipids in rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). (aspetjournals.org)
  • We investigated the contractile effects of both activated and unactivated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) on human vascular tissue to characterize the influence of human PMNs on vascular tone. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The results show the DWCNT exposure caused a dose-dependent increase in WLL polymorphonuclear leukocytes, indicating that DWCNT exposure initiates pulmonary inflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • Purpose: Leukocyte telomere length has gained attention as a marker of oxidative damage and age-related diseases, including cancer. (aacrjournals.org)
  • We hypothesize that leukocyte telomere length might be able to predict future risk of cancer and examined this in a cohort of patients with Barrett's esophagus, who are at increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma and thus were enrolled in a long-term cancer surveillance program. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Leukocyte telomere length hazard ratios (HR) for risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma were calculated using multivariate Cox models. (aacrjournals.org)
  • DNA sequence variation within human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes mediate susceptibility to a wide range of human diseases. (nih.gov)
  • In humans, MHC proteins are encoded by the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA), a group of more than 200 genes located closely together on the short arm of chromosome 6. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Leukocyte adhesion deficiency results from an adhesion molecule defect that causes granulocyte and lymphocyte dysfunction and recurrent soft-tissue infections. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Classical class I and class II Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) are leading candidates for infectious disease susceptibility. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Human Leukocyte Antigen Susceptibility Map for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. (antibodies-online.com)
  • In 2014, Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) was performed with 2,398 individuals with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cases and 2,804 cancer-free controls from Chinese populations, and identified a novel susceptibility loci in complex human leukocyte antigen (HLA), which plays crucial role in immune response. (who.int)
  • A leukocyte esterase test (LE test) is a urine test for the presence of white blood cells and other abnormalities associated with infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • A hallmark of leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is the lack of pus formation at the sites of infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Signaling through the β2 integrins triggers the transport of the attached leukocyte across the blood vessel wall to the site of infection or injury. (medlineplus.gov)
  • [ 1 , 2 ] The clinical picture is characterized by marked leukocytosis and localized bacterial infections that are difficult to detect until they have progressed to an extensive level secondary to lack of leukocyte recruitment at the site of infection. (medscape.com)
  • Leukocytes or white blood cells (WBCs) are immune cells that fight infection, neoplasms and other inflammatory conditions, and mediate allergic responses. (loinc.org)
  • Both elevated and low leukocyte counts can be markers of infection and malignancy, and low leukocyte counts are associated with a variety of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, depending on the WBC type(s) that are out of range. (loinc.org)
  • Leukocytes in urine are not dangerous, but it's a sign that you are suffering from an infection or damage. (md-health.com)
  • The body expels excess leukocytes when they have become damaged or killed fighting off an infection, causing them to be expelled in the urine. (md-health.com)
  • If a high number of leukocytes are found in the urine, this is a sign that there may be an infection in the urinary system. (md-health.com)
  • Those with a weak immune system or those who frequently use a urinary catheter system are at a higher risk for developing a kidney infection that raises leukocyte levels in the urine. (md-health.com)
  • You will not treat the presence of leukocytes in the urine, but the infection which is causing them to appear. (md-health.com)
  • However, higher levels of leukocytes in urine without nitrates could indicate the presence of a disease or infection-it could be a urinary tract infection , or kidney stones, hypertension, diabetes, or other kidney diseases. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of leukocytes in urine, as is bladder irritation (or cystitis). (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • These leukocyte adhesion deficiencies (LADs) are unlikely to be confused with hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome or chronic granulomatous disease because the clinical features of infection resemble those manifested by patients with severe neutropenia despite marked neutrophilia. (medscape.com)
  • Here, we describe a novel approach to functionalize human and murine leukocytes with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) on their surface, along with E-selectin (ES), to capture and induce cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro in human blood and in vivo in mouse circulation. (aiche.org)
  • We have shown that leukocytes functionalized with ES/TRAIL can capture and induce cancer cell apoptosis in vitro in human blood and in vivo in mouse experiments. (aiche.org)
  • So far, most of the in vivo and in vitro approaches to study leukocyte migration across the tissue parenchyma have addressed the role of each single tissue barrier that immune cells encounter in their journey to the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
  • In vitro experiments, reported here, also indicate that elastin, one of the physiological substrates of human leucocyte elastase (HLE), could decrease by 30-fold the inhibitory potential of an hexadecasaccharide heparin fragment (dp 16) isolated from CY 222. (ersjournals.com)
  • Two mutations in the KINDLIN3 gene of a new leukocyte adhesion deficiency III patient reveal distinct effects on leukocyte function in vitro. (medscape.com)
  • Leukocyte recruitment into the inflamed parenchyma requires successive interactions with cellular and stromal barriers that establish mechanical, chemotactic and haptotactic gradients to guide immune cells towards the inflammatory focus. (hindawi.com)
  • However, it remains unknown how leukocyte recruitment is regulated. (hindawi.com)
  • We and others have discovered factors that control the recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes to the peritoneal mesentery in response to pristane [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Defective neutrophil recruitment in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I disease causes local IL-17-driven inflammatory bone loss. (medscape.com)
  • These 2 members mediate leukocyte adhesions to endothelial cells but they also serve as receptors for iC3b (inactivated C3b). (medscape.com)
  • This disease is a defect in fucose metabolism (lack of fucosylation of the carbohydrate selectin ligands) that results in failure to express the ligand for E and P selectin, sialyl Lewis-X (CD15s) expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)
  • On the one hand, similar to endothelial cells, parenchymal epithelia must guide leukocytes to traverse them in order to reach a localized inflammatory focus, for example, in the lung or intestinal mucosa. (hindawi.com)
  • Endothelial and epithelial barriers determine the different stages of leukocyte migration in its journey towards the inflammatory focus in complex tissues. (hindawi.com)
  • A large body of evidence now implicates increased leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion as a key early event in the development of diabetic retinopathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We recently reported that raised activity of the glycosylating enzyme core 2 β 1,6- N -acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GlcNAc-T) through protein kinase C (PKC)β2-dependent phosphorylation plays a fundamental role in increased leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and capillary occlusion in retinopathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The exact pathogenic mechanism by which capillary nonperfusion, as demonstrated by fluorescein angiography, occurs is still unclear, but recent experimental animal studies ( 3 - 5 ) demonstrate that increased leukocyte entrapment in retinal capillaries of diabetic rats is an early event associated with areas of capillary nonperfusion and the development of endothelial cell damage. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • A novel genetic leukocyte adhesion deficiency in subsecond triggering of integrin avidity by endothelial chemokines results in impaired leukocyte arrest on vascular endothelium under shear flow. (medscape.com)
  • This leukocyte adhesion deficiency variant is associated with defective expression of the Rap-1 activator CalDAG-GEFI. (medscape.com)
  • LAD-III, a leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome associated with defective Rap1 activation and impaired stabilization of integrin bonds. (medscape.com)
  • Although psychological stress is known to modulate immune function, mechanistic pathways linking stress networks in the brain to peripheral leukocytes remain poorly understood2. (bvsalud.org)
  • Oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) can be delivered intravenously to target primary and metastatic lesions, but the interaction between human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and VSV remains poorly understood. (karger.com)
  • NOD/LtSz-Rag1nullPfpnull mice: a new model system with increased levels of human peripheral leukocyte and hematopoietic stem-cell engraftment. (umassmed.edu)
  • It is believed that adhesive interactions between selectins on the blood vessel wall and selectin ligands on the CTC surface facilitate metastatic progression, in a manner similar to the leukocyte adhesion cascade essential in the inflammatory response (3). (aiche.org)
  • Beyond cell-autonomous neuronal injury and death, light has been shed on multiple inflammatory properties of glia and invading leukocytes in most brain diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Research in the Leukocyte and Inflammation Laboratory focuses on inflammatory cells and their contribution, via innate or acquired immune mechanisms, towards inflammation. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Here we review evidence showing that apicobasal polarity regulates the inflammatory response: various polarized epithelia asymmetrically secrete chemotactic mediators and polarize adhesion receptors that dictate the route of leukocyte migration within the parenchyma. (hindawi.com)
  • We also discuss recent findings showing that the loss of apicobasal polarity increases leukocyte adhesion to epithelial cells and the consequences that this could have for the inflammatory response towards damaged, infected or transformed epithelial cells. (hindawi.com)
  • On the other hand, these barriers contain damaged or infected cells that are part of the inflammatory focus and the endpoint of the leukocyte migratory journey, so some sort of footprint, which is not completely understood, must exist in these cells to promote a preferential adhesion with infiltrated leukocytes. (hindawi.com)
  • We believe that successfully combining our current knowledge about leukocyte extravasation, three-dimensional migration through the stroma and the sequential interactions with parenchymal cell barriers, which include adopting unified experimental models, will help shed light on the entire migratory route of each immune cell type and on the specificity of the innate inflammatory responses in each type of tissue. (hindawi.com)
  • The migration of inflammatory leukocytes, including dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages, to the peritoneal mesentery has been shown to be promoted in LAT −/− (lack mature T cells) mice but inhibited in μ MT (lack mature B cells) mice during the pristane-induced immune response [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Syk is mainly expressed in the hematopoietic system and plays an essential role in β2 integrin-mediated leukocyte activation. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Alon R, Etzioni A. LAD-III, a novel group of leukocyte integrin activation deficiencies. (medscape.com)
  • Variants of leukocyte adhesion deficiency have also been reported, including fully expressed but nonfunctional CD18 and an E selectin that is expressed but rapidly cleaved from the cell surface (only present in soluble form). (medscape.com)
  • In this complex picture, intrinsic neurodegenerative mechanisms, also including glial activation and CNS barrier integrity, are shaped by genetic mutations and interact with CNS-extrinsic components such as circulating leukocytes, cytokines and growth factors, as well as environmental factors that predispose to CNS pathogenesis. (frontiersin.org)
  • Preimplantation genetic diagnosis of leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I. Fertil Steril . (medscape.com)
  • Diagnosis of leukocyte adhesion deficiency is by detecting absence or severe deficiency of adhesive glycoproteins on the surface of WBCs using monoclonal antibodies (eg, anti-CD11, anti-CD18) and flow cytometry. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Starting from birth, people with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 develop serious bacterial and fungal infections. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1, bacterial and fungal infections most commonly occur on the skin and mucous membranes such as the moist lining of the nose and mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Thus the infections in patients with leukocyte adhesion deficiency act similarly as those observed in patients with neutropenia. (medscape.com)
  • Thus, patients with this type of leukocyte adhesion deficiency manifest both severe bacterial infections and bleeding disorder. (medscape.com)
  • Kidney infections will lead to an increased rate of leukocytes in the urine. (md-health.com)
  • Bladder infections or inflammation of the urinary tract and ureters can also cause leukocytes to appear in the urine. (md-health.com)
  • Eating a nutritious diet can help you prevent developing infections that lead to leukocytes in the building. (md-health.com)
  • No difference was observed between DNase activity from polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes from a chronic granulomatous disease patient with DNase activity from control polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes. (jci.org)
  • Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation in Neutrophil Disorders: Severe Congenital Neutropenia, Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency and Chronic Granulomatous Disease. (medscape.com)
  • A urine sample that tests positive for both nitrite and leukocyte esterase should be cultured for pathogenic bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
  • It has been proposed that the reagent strip for leukocyte esterase designed for the testing of urine (Combur test UX) could be a useful tool for diagnosing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP). (wikipedia.org)
  • A small number of leukocytes will always be found in the urine as old cells are passed from the system. (md-health.com)
  • A consistent high level of leukocytes in the urine can also negatively affect the bladder or kidneys. (md-health.com)
  • Taking a test to check for leukocyte levels in the urine will help you determine if you need to see a doctor to treat your condition. (md-health.com)
  • A strip test can be used to check the leukocyte levels in the urine. (md-health.com)
  • This can cause protein levels or leukocyte levels in the urine to increase. (md-health.com)
  • If leftover urine remains in the bladder for too long it can become infected with bacteria, leading to an increased level of leukocytes. (md-health.com)
  • A blockage in the urinary tract can cause leukocytes to appear in the urine. (md-health.com)
  • It's important to understand what causes leukocytes in urine. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • The following is a detailed explanation of the possible diseases associated with leukocytes in urine. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • The presence of leukocytes in urine while pregnant is common. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • A urinary tract blockage is another cause of leukocytes in urine. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • One of the most obvious signs of leukocytes in urine is foul-smelling or cloudy urine. (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • What are the most appropriate treatments for leukocytes in urine? (doctorshealthpress.com)
  • Parenchymal and vascular players, as well as circulating leukocytes, have now been integrated into novel views of neurodegeneration. (frontiersin.org)
  • At the same time, the roles of meningeal and vascular inflammation and the further definition of immunosurveillance and leukocyte invasion through different brain barriers open new exciting frontiers of investigation on immune mechanisms in neurodegenerative disorders. (frontiersin.org)
  • The first stage of this immune steeplechase, the leukocyte transendothelial migration, is a multi-step cascade of interactions that have been extensively studied in recent years in different vascular beds and experimental models, and some comprehensive reviews on this topic can be found in this special issue [ 1 - 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this report, we intended to clarify the effect of floor hating system for accessing a peripheral leukocyte regulation in winter season by evidence-based manner more than VAS. (scirp.org)
  • Leukocyte adhesion deficiency II may be classified as one of the congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), a rapidly expanding group of metabolic syndromes with a wide symptomatology and severity. (medscape.com)
  • To what extent is the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes, such as bone marrow-derived monocytes, neutrophils, B and T cells, ameliorative or propagative for CNS disorders? (frontiersin.org)
  • Mutations in the ITGB2 gene cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
  • ITGB2 gene mutations that cause leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 lead to the production of a β2 subunit that cannot bind with other subunits to form β2 integrins. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Another reported type of leukocyte adhesion deficiency involves dysfunction in platelet aggregation in addition to a defect in leukocyte adhesion. (medscape.com)
  • The severe and moderate phenotypes of heritable Mac-1, LFA-1 deficiency: their quantitative definition and relation to leukocyte dysfunction and clinical features. (medscape.com)
  • Your doctor can prescribe a microscopic test to manually check the leukocyte levels. (md-health.com)
  • Leukocyte esterase (LE) is an esterase (a type of enzyme) produced by leukocytes (white blood cells). (wikipedia.org)
  • Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is a disorder that causes the immune system to malfunction, resulting in a form of immunodeficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
  • One of the first signs of leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is a delay in the detachment of the umbilical cord stump after birth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • but, in infants with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1, this separation usually occurs at three weeks or later. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Life expectancy in individuals with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is often severely shortened. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 is estimated to occur in 1 per million people worldwide. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cox DP, Weathers DR. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1: an important consideration in the clinical differential diagnosis of prepubertal periodontitis. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Labial ulceration from which Escherichia coli was cultured in an 8-month-old girl with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD I). Note the thin bluish scar at the superior aspect of the labia from an earlier cellulitis. (medscape.com)
  • This 3-year-old girl had leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD I) with complete absence of CD18 expression. (medscape.com)
  • This 10-month-old patient with severe leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD I) developed a cervical adenitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. (medscape.com)
  • Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD I) is a failure to express CD18, which composes the common ß 2 subunit of LFA1 family (ß2 integrins). (medscape.com)
  • which leukocyte type would likely be elevated in a patient who has strep throat? (bartleby.com)
  • If a high level of a particular type of leukocyte is found in elevated levels, this can be a sign of disease. (md-health.com)
  • Cagdas D, Yilmaz M, Kandemir N, Tezcan I, Etzioni A, Sanal O. A Novel Mutation in Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type II/CDGIIc. (medscape.com)
  • Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type III: Clinical Features and Treatment With Stem Cell Transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • Leukocytes that lack these integrins cannot attach to the blood vessel wall or cross the vessel wall to contribute to the immune response. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Leukocyte Transfusion" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • The purposes of this study were to determine the effect of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage on the induction of apoptosis in peripheral blood leukocytes and to investigate if the elevation in apoptotic leukocytes was mediated by changes in the concentration of anti-/pro-apoptotic proteins in circulation. (nih.gov)
  • To determine leukocyte functionalization with ES/TRAIL, fluorescent (FL) liposomes were exposed to human blood under shear flow, and leukocytes were isolated and analyzed for ES/TRAIL attachment using FC and confocal microscopy. (aiche.org)
  • Upon exposure to shear flow, ES/TRAIL liposomes in human blood were functionalized to the surface of leukocytes, as confirmed by confocal microscopy (Fig. 1A) and FC. (aiche.org)
  • Exposure of functionalized ES/TRAIL leukocytes into cancer cell-spiked blood successfully targeted and killed cancer cells under shear flow, compared to controls (Fig. 1B). (aiche.org)
  • Damage to the kidneys, ureters, urethra or bladder can cause leukocytes to appear. (md-health.com)
  • In leukemia, hematological parameters especially in the case of leukocyte differential count helps early diagnosis of leukemia. (horiba.com)
  • The aim was to determine the degree of association between Rho-kinase cascade activation in circulating leukocytes with cardiac and aortic Rho-kinase pathway activation in a model of hypertension and to analyze it with a cause-effect perspective. (portlandpress.com)
  • for example the MHC Class II antibody based on clone IVA12 recognizes the shared epitopes of human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules HLA-DP, HLA-DQ and HLA-DR heterodimeric cell surface glycoproteins comprised of an α (heavy) chain and a β (light) chain. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Rho-kinase activity is determined in circulating leukocytes measuring phosphorylation of its target myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1), but its relationship with Rho-kinase activity in the myocardium and in vasculature in hypertension has not been evaluated. (portlandpress.com)
  • Here we show that distinct brain regions shape leukocyte distribution and function throughout the body during acute stress in mice . (bvsalud.org)
  • In milder forms of leukocyte adhesion deficiency I (1-30% expression of CD8), patients may survive to adulthood. (medscape.com)
  • The events that follow leukocyte extravasation are perhaps less well characterized, although significant advances have been made with the advent of high-resolution intravital microscopy and the development of more sophisticated culture systems to investigate leukocyte migration and interactions in three dimensions. (hindawi.com)
  • We will focus on the machinery most proximate to force generation and use genetics and pharmacology to characterize how nucleation, elongation, depolymerization and crosslinking of actin filaments act in leukocytes migrating through environments of varying geometry and adhesive properties (Postdoc 1). (europa.eu)
  • An acute bout of moderate intensity downhill running altered CK activity, Bax concentration and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in circulating leukocytes resulting in a greater apoptotic response at 24- and 48-h post-exercise compared to level grade running or a second downhill run. (nih.gov)