• a clone of plasma cells capable of the production of antibodies. (referat.ru)
  • Antibodies are immunoglobulins, modified blood proteins with a specific action against antigens. (referat.ru)
  • Explore our solutions for multiple applications - vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, cell or gene therapy. (vwr.com)
  • This signal results in the generation of B-cell clones that produce antibodies against antigens located at the basement membrane zone (BMZ), initiating a type II Gell and Coombs hypersensitivity reaction. (medscape.com)
  • The antibodies of immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), and/or immunoglobulin M (IgM) bind to the antigen and initiate complement activation. (medscape.com)
  • Serum and CSF samples collected during the acute phase were tested for immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG antibodies to a battery of arboviruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Antibodies (immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM) are secreted by B-cells that are activated to plasma cells after antigen presentation in regional lymph nodes or secondary lymphoid organs ( Figure 1 ) [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) come from a single B-cell parent clone and recognize specifically a single epitope per antigen [ 10 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Antibodies are crucial to make leukocytes (such as T killer cells) to detect and destroy pathogens and infected host cells. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Abcam is leading the way in addressing this with our range of recombinant monoclonal antibodies and knockout edited cell lines for gold-standard validation. (abcam.com)
  • Cancer immunotherapies can be divided into four major categories: - Cytokines/immunomodulation agents - Monoclonal antibodies - Cell‑based therapies - Oncolytic viruses Though monoclonal antibodies currently represent the largest class of commercialized cancer immunotherapies, cell‑based therapies are rapidly making headway. (technologynetworks.com)
  • These patients have modestly elevated antibodies to EBV lytic antigens as well as antibodies to the EBV nuclear antigens (EBNAs), including EBNA1. (frontiersin.org)
  • Monoclonal Antibodies and T Cell Hybridomas: Perspectives and Technical News. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Human T-cell antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies: The 65,000-dalton antigen of T cells (T65) is also found on chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells bearing surface immunoglobulin. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Warnke RA, Levy R. Detection of T and B cell antigens with hybridoma monoclonal antibodies: a biotinavidin-horseradish peroxidase method. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)
  • or actively by prior immunization of the recipient with graft antigens which evoke specific antibodies and form antigen-antibody complexes which bind to the antigen receptor sites of the T-cells and block their cytotoxic activity. (lookformedical.com)
  • and human T -cell antigens recognized by certain monoclonal antibodies on both immature and mature T -cells. (science-connections.com)
  • Additionally, CD47 blocking antibodies inhibit proliferation of unstimulated astrocytoma cells but not normal astrocytes. (wikidoc.org)
  • Phenotypical analyses with newly developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against porcine NKp46 recently revealed that in blood NKp46 - and NKp46 + cells with NK phenotype exist with comparable cytotoxic properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nevertheless, a recent study from our group with newly developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the activating receptor NKp46 enabled a more comprehensive insight into the phenotype of porcine NK cells and putative subsets [ 20 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Murine monoclonal antibodies are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen, harvesting its spleen to obtain B cells that are producing antibody specific to that antigen, fusing those cells with immortal mouse myeloma cells, growing these hybridoma cells (eg, in cell culture), and harvesting the antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Chimeric monoclonal antibodies activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells more effectively than murine monoclonal antibodies but can still induce production of human anti-chimeric antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)
  • CD152, also known as Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4), is a 33 kD member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. (biolegend.com)
  • Crystal structure of the soluble form of the human fcgamma-receptor IIb: a new member of the immunoglobulin superfamily at 1.7 A resolution. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • The gene ICAM3 (intercellular adhesion molecule 3) encodes type I membrane glycoprotein that belongs to the immunoglobulin (ig) superfamily. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • CD47 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily [1] and partners with membrane integrins and also binds the ligands thrombospondin-1 ( TSP-1 ) and signal-regulatory protein alpha ( SIRPα ). (wikidoc.org)
  • Several cells are known to initiate the process of plasma cell differentiation and are known collectively as antigen presenting cells (APCs) (Waller & Renwick, 1994). (referat.ru)
  • the regulation of the proliferation, differentiation and activity of leukocytes (Dale et. (referat.ru)
  • In vivo differentiation to cells from all three germlines was tested using a teratoma assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vitro differentiation of GS-2 iPSCs into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells was done using Op9 feeder layers and specified media. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Differentiation capacity into cells from all three germ layers was confirmed using the teratoma assay. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we sought to further understand the effects of idelalisib and duvelisib in vitro, and demonstrate that both idelalisib and duvelisib can inhibit T cell proliferation as well as Th1 and Treg differentiation in vitro, while promoting Th2 and Th17 differentiation. (nature.com)
  • We further demonstrate directly using intracellular flow cytometry that autoimmune toxicity in patients is associated with higher absolute numbers of CD4 and CD8 T cells with Th17 differentiation in peripheral blood prior to therapy, and that gastrointestinal tissues from patients with active autoimmune complications of PI3Kδ inhibitors show infiltration with Th17 + T cells. (nature.com)
  • Human Leu T-cell differentiation antigens: quantitative expression on normal lymphoid cells and cell lines. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
  • T -cell differentiation is characterized by the successive gain or loss of certain cell surface markers and cytoplasmic enzymes which precede or coincide with the development of immunologic functions (Gupta and Good 1980). (science-connections.com)
  • Accordingly, scientists have developed protocols for the expansion, genetic modification and differentiation of stem cells to NK cells. (molcells.org)
  • The cells of origin in most patients with CLL are clonal B cells arrested in the B-cell differentiation pathway, intermediate between pre-B cells and mature B cells. (medscape.com)
  • HUMORAL IMMUNITYHumoral or antibody-mediated immunity is associated with B-lymphocyte cells. (referat.ru)
  • The role of complement & antibody-antigen complexesAntibodies have two distinct functions: to recognise and combine with an antigen, and to activate a defence mechanism for example by activating the complement sequence (Dale et. (referat.ru)
  • 1994). This sequence involves more than thirty proteins (Mollnes & Harboe, 1996) and has the function of the destruction and removal of invading micro-organisms and subcellular debris and to promote clearance of antigen-antibody complexes (Dale et. (referat.ru)
  • The interaction of antibody with specific antigen results in the formation of the antibody-antigen complex. (referat.ru)
  • Ligand- or CH-L antibody-bound CD158b1 or CD158b2 can reportedly inhibit cytolytic NK and T cell responses to various stimuli including certain target cells expressing MHC class I ligands encoded by HLA-C alleles (Cw 1, 3, 7 and 8). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Cancer-specific cell surface antigens are ideal therapeutic targets for monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based therapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mouse anti Human CD239 antibody, clone BRIC221 ( MCA1982 ) used to look for blocking of Lu-Fc to endogenous α5 laminin in kidney sections. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
  • CD16 binds aggregated IgG or IgG-antigen complex which functions in NK cell activation, phagocytosis, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). (biolegend.com)
  • The 3G8 antibody clone blocks neutrophil phagocytosis and stimulates NK cell proliferation. (biolegend.com)
  • This Antibody was verified by Relative expression to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
  • This antibody has been reported to stain RAW264.7 cell line. (thermofisher.com)
  • Applications Tested: This X54-5/7.1 antibody has been tested by flow cytometric analysis of mouse bone marrow cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)
  • The fluorochrome-labeled L3D10 antibody is useful for immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analysis to identify CTLA-4-producing cells within mixed cell populations. (biolegend.com)
  • The first technique described in 1975 was based on creating a hybridoma by combining an activated B-cell from an immunized animal spleen and immortalized myeloma cell, resulting in a stable hybrid cell line producing monoclonal antibody [ 11 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The antibody MEM-31 recognizes a conformationally-dependent extracellular epitope of CD8, a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. (exbio.cz)
  • The CD5 antibody, clone L17F12, is derived from the hybridization of NS-1/Ag4 mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells isolated from BALB/c mice immunized with human T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Engleman EG, Warnke R, Fox RI, Dilley J, Benike CJ, Levy R. Studies of a human T lymphocyte antigen recognized by a monoclonal antibody. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Jurkat cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( PBMC ) incubated with the monoclonal antibody Ad22 results in apoptosis within 3 hours. (wikidoc.org)
  • In both cases, the process usually begins as above with production of mouse hybridoma cells that make antibody to the desired antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Then the DNA for some or all of the variable portion of the mouse antibody is merged with DNA for human immunoglobulin. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The resultant DNA is placed in a mammalian cell culture, which then expresses the resultant gene, producing the desired antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The encoded protein belongs to the subfamily B class of LIR receptors which contain two or four extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain, and two to four cytoplasmic immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs). (wikipedia.org)
  • His current scientific interest focusses on the role of indirect recognition of mismatched HLA in transplantation and on post-transplant immunomonitoring via Next Generation Sequencing of T- and B-cell receptors and immunoglobulins. (umcutrecht.nl)
  • Moreover, these receptors are functional, as treatment of FRT tissue cells with ligands for TLR and NOD induces production of proinflammatory CXCL8 [ 13 ], and those receptors actively participate in immune response to pathogens, as Neisseria gonorrhea and HIV-1 [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Immunoglobulin-like transcripts are a family of inhibitory and stimulatory cell surface immune receptors. (rupress.org)
  • Surface receptors such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and nuclear transcription factors attenuate T cell responses, where CTLA-4 competes with CD28 for binding to CD80/86, resulting in inhibitory downstream signalling [ 6 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Receptors are formed by genetic recombination C.) Receptors are inserted into the cell membrane Which of the following make the third line of defense different than the first and second lines of defense? (workflowdigital.com)
  • NK cells express germ-line receptors that are either stimulatory or inhibitory, and the summation of these signals determines activation status ( Caligiuri, 2008 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Although there are many immunologic and cytochemical differences between mature hu man T- and B-Iymphocytes, human T -cells are primarily distinguished by their participation in cell mediated immunity and possession of receptors for sheep red blood cells. (science-connections.com)
  • The elaboration of immunoglobulins and presence of receptors for EBV are most characteristic of human B-cells. (science-connections.com)
  • Unlike cytotoxic T cells, they do not require prior sensitization to eliminate tumor cells but mediate cytotoxicity through complex interactions between NK cell surface receptors and their cognate ligands expressed on their respective target cells [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The inhibitory KIRs 2DL1 (CD158a), 2DL2/3 (CD158b), and 3DL1 (CD158e1) are such surface receptors and allow adoptively transferred donor NK cells to exert potent antileukemic effects if the cognate HLA class I ligands are absent in the recipients [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, other ligands, such as HLA, bind to inhibitory receptors NKG2A and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) to inhibit NK cells, providing a form of protection for self-cells from innate immunity. (molcells.org)
  • Thus, the overall response of an NK cell depends on the balance of stimulating these different receptors. (molcells.org)
  • Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB4 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene is a member of the leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor (LIR) family, which is found in a gene cluster at chromosomal region 19q13.4. (wikipedia.org)
  • Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 3 (LILR-A3) also known as CD85 antigen-like family member E (CD85e), immunoglobulin-like transcript 6 (ILT-6), and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 4 (LIR-4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRA3 gene located within the leukocyte receptor complex on chromosome 19q13.4. (wikipedia.org)
  • Griscelli syndrome type 2 (GS-2) is a rare, autosomal recessive immune deficiency syndrome caused by a mutation in the RAB27A gene, which results in the absence of a protein involved in vesicle trafficking and consequent loss of function of in particular cytotoxic T and NK cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All GS-2 iPSC clones displayed a normal karyotype (46XX or 46XY) and were shown to express the same RAB27A gene mutation that was present in the original somatic donor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, in the absence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-compatible donors, no other curative treatment options are available, and therefore, new treatment strategies, such as gene therapy, should be explored. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
  • immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)
  • We did not observe any overlap of CDR3 amino acid sequences or a preferential Vβ or Jβ gene usage among the top 100 expanded clones from all SLE patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Thus, analysis of TCR CDR3 sequences has provided a useful means to study clonal expansions, repertoire breadth, and other properties such as CDR3 length polymorphisms, V(D)J gene usage, and sequence specificity of the T cell response. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review, we examine the manufacturing and gene engineering of NK cells generated from iPSCs (iPS-NK) for ACT. (molcells.org)
  • If the mouse gene for only the antigen-binding hypervariable regions of the variable region is used, the product is termed "humanized. (msdmanuals.com)
  • 1994). The nature of lymphocyte stimulation will determine which class of immunoglobulin will be produced (Waller & Renwick, 1994). (referat.ru)
  • Injection of a lentiviral vector encoding an MHC class I-restricted T cell epitope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and CD40 ligand induced an antigen-specific cytolytic CD8 + T lymphocyte response that protected the mice from infection. (jci.org)
  • The CD8 antigen, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigen displayed by an antigen presenting cell (APC) in the context of class I MHC molecules. (wikidoc.org)
  • Although in most cases granulocyte and lymphocyte counts are within normal limits, immunoglobulin levels may be decreased or increased. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Flow cytometry analysis (surface staining) of human peripheral blood (lymphocyte gate) using anti-human CD8 (clone MEM-31) PerCP. (exbio.cz)
  • LFA-1 participates in several processes, such as T cell-mediated killing, T helper and B lymphocyte responses, natural killing, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by monocytes and granulocytes, and adherence of leukocytes to endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)
  • B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)
  • It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs. (lookformedical.com)
  • PD-1 is an immunoinhibitory receptor that stymies lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion when bound to its membrane-bound or secreted ligands, PD-L1 or PD-L2, expressed by both immune and tumour cells [ 7 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Aruffo A, Melnick MB, Linsley PS, Seed B. The lymphocyte glycoprotein CD6 contains a repeated domain structure characteristic of a new family of cell surface and secreted proteins. (hcdm.org)
  • Patients may alternatively receive lympho-depleting chemotherapy followed by adoptive transfer of purified NK cells from an alloreactive donor, resulting in homeostatic lymphocyte proliferation with transient donor NK cell expansion in recipients [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antigens are foreign molecules that initiate an immune response, they have inherent immunogenicity (Tortora & Grabowski, 1996). (referat.ru)
  • CD158b molecules are expressed on NK cells and subsets of TCR αβ+ cells or TCR γδ+ cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The receptor is expressed on immune cells where it binds to MHC class I molecules on antigen-presenting cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. (thermofisher.com)
  • The protein intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3) functions as a receptor for LFA-1 (leukocyte function-associated antigen-1) and mediates adhesive interactions of leukocyte cell surface adhesion molecules in inflammatory and immune response. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • I have used structural biology to explain pre-T-cell receptor (TCR) self-association in T-cell development, and how the TCR specifically recognises polymorphic Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) molecules in the context of viral immunity and aberrant T-cell reactivity. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Gimferrer I, Farnós M, Calvo M, Mittelbrunn M, Enrich C, Sánchez-Madrid F, Vives J, Lozano F. The accessory molecules CD5 and CD6 associate on the membrane of lymphoid T cells. (hcdm.org)
  • Загальні відомості про імунну систему The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)
  • In the current study it is shown that this NKp46 high phenotype was correlated with an increased expression of CD16 and CD27 compared to the CD8α + NKp46 - and NKp46 + NK-cell subsets in spleen and blood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Additionally, a third NK cell population with elevated NKp46 expression levels was identified in high frequencies in spleen and liver, pointing towards a special role of NK cells with this phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Therefore, in this study we focused on functional and phenotypical properties of CD8α dim/- NKp46 high NK-cells in the spleen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lentiviral vector-based dendritic cell vaccines induce protective T cell responses against viral infection and cancer in animal models. (jci.org)
  • In this study, we tested whether preventative and therapeutic vaccination could be achieved by direct injection of antigen-expressing lentiviral vector, obviating the need for ex vivo transduction of dendritic cells. (jci.org)
  • Injected lentiviral vector preferentially transduced splenic dendritic cells and resulted in long-term expression. (jci.org)
  • Vaccination by direct injection of lentiviral vector was more effective in sterile alpha motif and HD-domain containing protein 1-knockout (SAMHD1-knockout) mice, suggesting that lentiviral vectors containing Vpx, a lentiviral protein that increases the efficiency of dendritic cell transduction by inducing the degradation of SAMHD1, would be an effective strategy for the treatment of chronic disease in humans. (jci.org)
  • These properties have made lentiviral vectors advantageous for use in dendritic cell (DC) vaccines. (jci.org)
  • 32-34 kDa) is expressed as alpha/beta heterodimer on majority of MHC I-restricted conventional T cells and thymocytes and as alpha/alpha homodimer on subsets of memory T cells, intraepithelial lymphocytes, NK cells and dendritic cells. (exbio.cz)
  • Transcripts for one member of this family, ILT7, are selectively expressed in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). (rupress.org)
  • As cells undergo oncogenesis, neoantigens are released and captured on major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/ human leukocyte antigen (HLA) of dendritic cells (DCs) that subsequently mature and migrate to central lymphoid organs. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • that is histopathological y very simi- T cel s, B cel s, natural kil er cel s, LMP1 of EBV can transform ro- lar to that caused by hepatitis B vi- macrophages, and dendritic cells, dent fibroblasts and is expressed rus (HBV) in humans, but it does so and this humanized mouse model in most of the human cancers as- through a different mechanism. (who.int)
  • however, it is highly homologous to other LILR genes, and can bind human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I. Therefore, if secreted, the LILRA3 might impair interactions of membrane-bound LILRs (such as LILRB1, an inhibitory receptor expressed on effector and memory CD8 T cells) with their HLA ligands, thus modulating immune reactions and influencing susceptibility to disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • LILRA3+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q8N6C8 (Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 3) at the PDBe-KB. (wikipedia.org)
  • Human leukocyte antigen DR2 (HLA-DR2), human leukocyte antigen DR4 (HLA-DR4 [HLA-DR*0401]), and human leukocyte antigen DQw7 (HLA-DQw7 [DQB1*0301]) genotypes have been identified as conferring increased susceptibility to the development of OCP. (medscape.com)
  • Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-human CD56 Brilliant Violet 421™ and anti-human CD16 (clone 3G8) Spark YG™ 581 (left), or only stained with anti-human CD56 Brilliant Violet 421™ (right). (biolegend.com)
  • PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-human CD4 APC, then fixed, permeabilized and intracellularly stained with anti-CD152 (CTLA-4) (clone L3D10) PE (left) or Mouse IgG1, κ isotype control PE (right). (biolegend.com)
  • For testing human soluble CTLA-4 in serum, plasma or cell culture supernatant, LEGEND MAX™ Human Soluble CTLA-4 ELISA Kit with Pre-coated Plates (Cat. (biolegend.com)
  • Flow cytometry: The reagent is designed for analysis of human blood cells using 10 μl reagent / 100 μl of whole blood or 10 6 cells in a suspension. (exbio.cz)
  • stimulated human leukocytes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Narcolepsy cataplexy syndrome, characterised by excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, is strongly associated with a genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*06:02. (plos.org)
  • It is strongly associated with a genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQB1*06:02, indicating an autoimmune-mediated process [9] , [10] . (plos.org)
  • 2023. Complimentary electrostatics dominate T-cell receptor binding to a psoriasis-associated peptide antigen presented by human leukocyte antigen C∗06:02 . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Phenotypic and functional characterization of human Leu-1 (CD5) B cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Hardy RR, Hayakawa K, Shimizu M, Yamasaki K, Kishimoto T. Rheumatoid factor secretion from human Leu-1+ B cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Here, we demonstrate that NK cells (haNKs) engineered to express a PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) haNKs killed a panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cells at low effector-to-target ratios in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. (elifesciences.org)
  • The discovery, characterization, and purification of human T -cell growth factor (TCGF) has led to the establishment of continuously growing T -lymphoblast cell lines from normal people and from patients with certain T -cell neoplasias. (science-connections.com)
  • A novel retrovirus, human T -celllymphomaleukemia virus (HTLV), has been isolated from the fresh and cultured cells of two of these patients. (science-connections.com)
  • It would seem reasonable then to survey human T -cell malignancies for the presence of retroviruses. (science-connections.com)
  • Since several animal RNA tumor viruses (Klein 1980) and cells of the putative human retroviruses isolated to date (Bronson et al. (science-connections.com)
  • CD47 is ubiquitously expressed in human cells and has been found to be overexpressed in many different tumor cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Activation of CD47 with TSP-1 increases proliferation of human U87 and U373 astrocytoma cells but not normal astrocytes . (wikidoc.org)
  • Expression of several stem cell markers , including c-Myc , is elevated in CD47-null endothelial cells and a human T cell line lacking CD47. (wikidoc.org)
  • We determined if adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells from haploidentical killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched donors may prolong event-free survival in children with intermediate-risk AML who were in first complete remission after chemotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first evidence for the therapeutic effectiveness of natural killer (NK) cells in AML was established in a study of 57 adult patients, in which none of the 20 individuals who received haploidentical cell transplantation from a killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched donor experienced disease relapse [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The discovery of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) at the turn of the century opened the door to a new generation of regenerative medicine research. (molcells.org)
  • Furthermore, T cells and NK cells complement each other in that certain immune suppression mechanisms taken by tumor cells that are effective against T cells, such as the downregulation of human leukocyte antigens (HLA), have proven to be stimulatory for NK cells. (molcells.org)
  • Clinical significance of detecting human leukocyte antigen class I allele-lacking leukocytes in aplastic anemia]. (cdc.gov)
  • Animal models for human tumour mental animals is not easy to answer does induce adult T-cell leukaemia/ viruses that make use of animal virus- for these agents, because cancer bi- lymphoma (ATLL), albeit in monkeys es are scarce. (who.int)
  • In vivo and in vitro specificity of protein tyrosine kinases for immunoglobulin G receptor (FcgammaRII) phosphorylation. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • While many methods have been developed to screen and evaluate the efficacy of immune cell‑mediated killing, there is a need for a more robust in vitro assay to accurately predict the in vivo behavior of therapies. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. (lookformedical.com)
  • Here, we describe the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo study of irradiated haNK cells engineered to express a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). (elifesciences.org)
  • In contrast to normal T -cells, neoplastic mature T -cells respond directly to TCGF, requiring no prior lectin or antigen in vitro activation. (science-connections.com)
  • CD3 - CD8α + NKp46 - NK cells show phenotypic and functional properties of NK cells although they produce reduced levels of IFN-γ compared to the NKp46 + subset after in vitro stimulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The expression of LILRB4 on monocytic myeloid leukemia cells supports infiltration and inhibits T cell proliferation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: immunohistochemical staining of acetone-fixed frozen tissue sections 6 , immunoprecipitation 3 , stimulation of NK cell proliferation 4 , blocking of phagocytosis 5 , and blocking of immunoglobulin binding to FcγRIII 7,8 . (biolegend.com)
  • Initial control of EBV in healthy persons involves NK cells that can kill virus-infected cells ( 3 , 4 ) and secrete IFN-γ, which inhibits B cell proliferation, and monocytes, which release chemokines in response to virus infection ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The T cells also effectively terminate their activation and proliferation as a means of avoiding autoimmunity, resulting in different phenotypes that either further activate Th1 immune responses or suppress via Th2-driven responses. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • [8] Binding of TSP-1 to CD47 influences several fundamental cellular functions including cell migration and adhesion, cell proliferation or apoptosis, and plays a role in the regulation of angiogenesis and inflammation. (wikidoc.org)
  • The role of CD47 in promoting cell proliferation is heavily dependent on cell type as both activation and loss of CD47 can result in enhanced proliferation. (wikidoc.org)
  • Though the exact mechanism is unclear, it is likely that CD47 promotes proliferation via the PI3K/Akt pathway in cancerous cells but not normal cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • Loss of CD47 allows sustained proliferation of primary murine endothelial cells and enables these cells to spontaneously reprogram to form multipotent embryoid body-like clusters. (wikidoc.org)
  • Activation of CD47 with TSP-1 in wild-type cells inhibits proliferation and reduces expression of stem cell transcription factors. (wikidoc.org)
  • First described in 1848, MM is characterized by a proliferation of malignant plasma cells and a subsequent overabundance of monoclonal paraprotein (M protein). (medscape.com)
  • Endogenous synthesis of antigen results in efficient proteolytic peptide processing and presentation of peptide antigen on MHC class I proteins. (jci.org)
  • CTLA4 is expressed on the surface of helper T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. (biolegend.com)
  • Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: Blocking of CTLA-4/B7-1 interaction and blocking of CTLA-4-mediated inhibitory function to promote T cell expansion 1 , 2 . (biolegend.com)
  • These cells secrete immune inhibitory growth factors and cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is primarily produced by microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • CD47 interacts with signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), an inhibitory transmembrane receptor present on myeloid cells . (wikidoc.org)
  • The resultant inflammatory mediators that are produced induce migration of lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells to the BMZ. (medscape.com)
  • Analysis of hematologic and biochemical blood tests revealed mild hyperglycemia (6.88 mmol/L) and elevated γ-glutamyltransferase (104 IU/L) and C-reactive protein levels (57 mg/L). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed 3,500 leukocytes/μL (70% lymphocytes, 30% neutrophils), and glucose and protein levels of 2.5 mmol/L and 2.749 mg/L, respectively. (cdc.gov)
  • The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. (wikidoc.org)
  • A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
  • They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
  • A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • These lymphocytes successfully eliminate the genetically unstable tumour cells with intrinsically high immunogenicity [ 4 ] through a series of successive stages [ 5 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • CD6 is expressed in T cells 1 , medullary thymocytes 1 , a subset of NK cells 2 , some hematopoietic progenitors 3 and a small group of B lymphocytes. (hcdm.org)
  • Morphologically, in the peripheral blood, these cells resemble mature lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
  • 2023. The allopurinol metabolite, oxypurinol, drives oligoclonal expansions of drug‐reactive T cells in resolved hypersensitivity cases and drug‐naïve healthy donors . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Identification of the major histocompatibility antigens of transplant DONORS and potential recipients, usually by serological tests. (lookformedical.com)
  • Among PSCs, the donors available for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are greatest, providing a potentially universal cell source for all types of cell therapies including cancer immunotherapies using natural killer (NK cells). (molcells.org)
  • Virus isolation was attempted by incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CSF collected on the day of onset with C6/36 ( Aedes albopictus ) and Vero (E6 clone) monolayers. (cdc.gov)
  • The RAB27A protein is responsible for the peripheral distribution of melanosomes in melanocytes and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules in the cytosol of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A recent study showed that patients with CAEBV or infectious mononucleosis have a decrease in the TCR-beta repertoire and expanded T cell clones in their peripheral blood compared with healthy carriers of EBV ( 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • PD-L1 CAR haNKs reduced levels of macrophages and other myeloid cells endogenously expressing high PD-L1 in peripheral blood from patients with head and neck cancer. (elifesciences.org)
  • Clonal expansion of T cells correlating with disease activity has been observed in peripheral blood (PB) of SLE subjects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Purified, unmanipulated NK cells were infused on Day 0, and NK cell chimerism and phenotyping from peripheral blood were performed on Days 7, 14, 21, and 28. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several drug therapies are valuable in the treatment of symptomatic MM. Clinicians treat many patients with high-dose therapy and peripheral blood or bone marrow stem cell transplantation. (medscape.com)
  • Schistosomal antigens induce immunological responses which could provoke several forms of glomerular injury known as schistosomal glomerulopathy and that affect 10-15% of infected individuals. (who.int)
  • Helminth infections associated with multiple sclerosis induce regulatory B cells. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • We conclude that multiple exposures to endotoxin-containing swine barn air induce AHR, increase in mucus-containing airway epithelial cells and lung inflammation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tumor-specific neoantigens, which are expressed on tumor cells, can induce an effective antitumor cytotoxic T-cell response and mediate tumor regression. (wjgnet.com)
  • Класифікація реакцій гіперчутливості Allergic (including atopic) and other hypersensitivity disorders are inappropriate or exaggerated immune reactions to foreign antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Serum protein electrophoresis only showed hypoalbuminaemia, and bone marrow and splenic aspirates showed no abnormal cell clones. (who.int)
  • Which protein can be produced by a virus-infected cell, in order to communicate with other cells the need to produce antiviral proteins? (workflowdigital.com)
  • SLP-76 7 , T cell-specific adaptor protein 8 , TCR/CD3 complex 9 and Syntenin-1. (hcdm.org)
  • Hem CD, Ekornhol M, Granum S, Sundvold-Gjerstad V, Spurkland A. CD6 and Linker of Activated T Cells are Potential Interaction Partners for T Cell-Specific Adaptor Protein. (hcdm.org)
  • Whereas CD28 delivers a costimulatory signal in T cell activation, CTLA-4 negatively regulates cell-mediated immune responses through interaction with CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) present on antigen presenting cells (APC). (biolegend.com)
  • Conclusions Targeting subdominant T cell responses with lower avidity against pMHC affinity neoepitopes showed potential for improving PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
  • Robust SARS-CoV-2 T cell responses with common TCR? (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • 2023. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection induces rapid memory and de novo T cell responses . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Patient's own immune cells are isolated, genetically modified to improve responses against cancer cells, expanded, and subsequently reintroduced into the individual. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Cytokines mediate a variety of processes in the immune system, for example, ________ encourages inflammatory responses and ________ suppresses the actions of immune cells, The lymphoid tissues of the intestinal tract are collectively referred to as. (workflowdigital.com)
  • CD6 regulates T-cell responses through activation-dependent recruitment of the positive regulator SLP-76. (hcdm.org)
  • The CD47/SIRPα interaction leads to bidirectional signaling, resulting in different cell-to-cell responses including inhibition of phagocytosis , stimulation of cell-cell fusion, and T-cell activation . (wikidoc.org)
  • Natural Killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in the early phase of immune responses against various pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is expressed on the surface of NK cells, activated monocytes, macrophages, and placental trophoblasts in humans. (biolegend.com)
  • Mice lacking PI3Kγ show increased CD8 T cell activation and cytotoxicity due to transcriptional activation of NFκB and inhibition of C/EBPβ in macrophages within the microenvironment [ 9 ]. (nature.com)
  • located primarily on macrophages and B cells: swelling pathogenic number. (workflowdigital.com)
  • Subsequently, binding of the CD28 co-stimulatory receptor to the DCs' CD80/86 receptor fully activates the cytotoxic T cells which then migrate to infiltrate the tumour and kill the cells by locally releasing perforin and granzymes [ 2 ] [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • T cell-based immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive T cell transfer, is limited by the ability of T cells to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented antigen by tumor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Unlike primary NK cells, those prepared from iPSCs can be prepared with a homogeneous quality and are easily modified to exert a desired response to tumor cells. (molcells.org)
  • Linnebacher M, Wienck A, Boeck I, Klar E: Identification of an MSI-H tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell epitope generated by the (-1) frame of U79260(FTO). (exbio.cz)
  • Tetramer staining was performed to determine the frequency and avidity of CD8 + T cells targeting the tumor-specific epitope GSW11 and confirmed with tetramer competition assays. (bmj.com)
  • 2023. CD4+ T cell-mediated recognition of a conserved cholesterol-dependent cytolysin epitope generates broad antibacterial immunity . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Further insights on the roles of CD8 + specificities and TCR avidity of naturally arising tumor-specific T cells, where both high and low avidity T cells recognizing the same peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) coexist in the same tumor, are crucial for understanding T cell exhaustion and resistance to PD-1 immunotherapy. (bmj.com)
  • Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains. (lookformedical.com)
  • Donor and recipient pairs should be of identical ABO blood group, and in addition should be matched as closely as possible for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in order to minimize the likelihood of allograft rejection. (lookformedical.com)
  • An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response. (lookformedical.com)
  • This clone X54-5/7.1 will not recognize the allelic variant d, present in NOD/Lt mice. (thermofisher.com)
  • Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a single species. (lookformedical.com)
  • Because allelic exclusion leads to the expression of only one TCR chain in mature T cells [ 29 ], each unique CDR3 sequence is a proxy for T cell clonotype. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tet lo demonstrated precursor exhausted or progenitor T cell phenotypes marked by higher expression of Tcf-1 and T-bet, and lower expression of the exhaustion markers CD39, PD-1 and Eomes compared with Tet hi , whereas Tet hi cells were terminally exhausted. (bmj.com)
  • To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)
  • This class of personalized therapies involves collecting immune cells from an individual, engineering them to recognize and kill cancer cells, before culturing, and reintroducing them into the same individual. (technologynetworks.com)
  • Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is the latest arsenal in the battle against cancer. (molcells.org)
  • Functional characterization of high and low avidity GSW11-specific CD8 + T cells was conducted using flow cytometry and bulk RNA-seq. (bmj.com)
  • Whitney G, Bowen M, Neubauer M, Aruffo A. Cloning and characterization of murine CD6. (hcdm.org)
  • Cloning, mapping, and characterization of activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a CD6 ligand. (hcdm.org)
  • Subsequent characterization of this virus has shown that it is not significantly related to any known animal retrovirus, is not an endogenous (genetically transmitted) virus of man, and so far has been associated only with fresh or cultured T -cells from patients with T -cell neoplasia. (science-connections.com)
  • Immunofluorescence showed diffuse deposition of glomerular basement membrane immunoglobulin (Ig)M and complement component C3, with mesangial IgG, but negative for C4, fibrin and IgA. (who.int)
  • Innate immunity includes barriers such as the epithelium, mucus, pH, complement system, and cells of the immune system. (hindawi.com)
  • Effective immunotherapy of stromal-rich tumors requires simultaneous targeting of cancer cells and immunosuppressive elements of the microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
  • This immunosuppressive helper T cell phenotype can be further induced by the zinc-finger transcription factor GATA3, which regulates Th2 cytokine expression [ 9 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Thus, addressing the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the periphery and tumor microenvironment of patients with cancer is likely to be required for effective NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cattle Fc gamma RII: molecular cloning and ligand specificity. (uni-bielefeld.de)
  • van den Berg HA, Wooldridge L, Laugel B, Sewell AK: Coreceptor CD8-driven modulation of T cell antigen receptor specificity. (exbio.cz)
  • Memory cellsOnce the antigens have been destroyed the plasma cells disappear leaving a few as memory cells which enable a swift response upon second exposure to the antigen (Trounce, 1997). (referat.ru)
  • The receptor can also function in antigen capture and presentation. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1995). ADAPTIVE IMMUNITYThe adaptive immune system is split into two mechanisms: humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity. (referat.ru)
  • Five main sub-types of immunoglobulins have been identified of which IgG is the most abundant in bodily fluids (Hopkins, 1995). (referat.ru)
  • 1995. Leucocyte Typing V. Oxford University Press. (biolegend.com)
  • These interactions result in CD47/integrin complexes that affect a range of cell functions including adhesion, spreading and migration. (wikidoc.org)
  • This junctional region of the TCR chains, also known as the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3), is highly diverse and is an important determinant of antigen recognition by T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This clone has been tested in-house and determined to not be suitable for applications in immunohistochemistry of frozen or paraffin-embedded tissue sections (IHC-F or IHC-P). (biolegend.com)
  • Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the lungs of rats exposed for 20 days contained germinal centers and mitotic cells suggesting activation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
  • Extranodal lymphoma of lymphoid tissue associated with mucosa that is in contact with exogenous antigens. (lookformedical.com)
  • An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient. (lookformedical.com)
  • One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). (lookformedical.com)
  • I have unearthed structural mechanisms of HLA polymorphism impacting on drug and food hypersensitivities, as well as Natural Killer cell receptor recognition. (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • 2023. CD1 lipidomes reveal lipid-binding motifs and size-based antigen-display mechanisms . (cardiff.ac.uk)
  • Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy may overcome genetic mechanisms of resistance to T cell-based immunotherapy through antigen- and MHC-independent recognition of malignant cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • His postdoctoral training was performed on minor H antigens in organ- and stem-cell transplantation in the laboratory of Prof. Dr. Els Goulmy, Leiden, The Netherlands. (umcutrecht.nl)
  • The only proven effective treatment for the disease is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is the only known curative therapy. (medscape.com)
  • They can be subdivided based on such as age of onset, presence of allergy (skin prick test or systemic allergen specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)), with or without nasal polyps and/or T helper (Th) cell 2 prominent inflammation. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • T cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, activated T cells can express an inducible co-stimulator (iCOS), a surface receptor that is structurally and functionally similar to CD28 and enhances expression of Th2-related interleukin (IL)-10 rather than immune activating IL-2 [ 8 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Due to the ubiquitous expression of CD47, signaling differs according to cell type. (wikidoc.org)
  • Furthermore, cross-linking of NKp46 by NKp46-specific mAbs led to a superior CD107a expression in the NKp46 high NK cells, thus indicating a higher cytolytic capacity of this subset. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HEK293T cells were transfected with the pCMV6-ENTRY control (Left lane) or pCMV6-ENTRY LILRB3 (RC211228, Right lane) cDNA for 48 hrs and lysed. (thermofisher.com)
  • A Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus cDNA library was constructed from leukocytes that had been previously infected with hirame rhabdovirus (HRV). (seafdec.org.ph)
  • sCTLA4 also plays a role in the initial immune response to infection of immune cells by HIV, along with the CD-1 pathway and others. (biolegend.com)
  • The rapidly growing tumour alters the balance of interaction between cancer and immune cells, by outstripping its metabolic resources and shifting to glycolysis [ 15 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Form 2 is the most widely expressed form that is found in all circulating and immune cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • GS-2 iPSCs showed the capacity to differentiate into cells of the hematopoietic lineage. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Approximately one-third of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience disease relapse despite risk-adapted intensive multiagent chemotherapy with or without hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The receptor is expressed on monocytic cells and transduces a negative signal that inhibits stimulation of an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the molecular level, the initial trigger may be a process by which the OCP antigen undergoes a conformational change that provides antigenic stimulation. (medscape.com)
  • It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. (lookformedical.com)
  • Functional analyses revealed that splenic NKp46 high NK cells produced much higher levels of Interferon-γ and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α upon stimulation with cytokines or phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate/Ionomycin compared to the other two subsets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Failed T cell-based immunotherapies in the presence of genomic alterations in antigen presentations pathways may be overcome by NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
  • Similarly, CD47 ligation rapidly induces apoptosis in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. (wikidoc.org)
  • 4 xCELLigence real-time cell analysis 6 Diverse cancer immunotherapy applications 6 How does the xCELLigence real-time cell analysis assay work? (technologynetworks.com)
  • Background CD8 + T cells are a highly diverse population of cells with distinct phenotypic functions that can influence immunotherapy outcomes. (bmj.com)
  • Designer T and NK cells are a modality within immunotherapy that manipulates receptor-ligand interactions to enhance cells of the immune system to destroy cancer more effectively. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The most commonly used method for measuring immune cell‑mediated killing is the release assay, where effector cell‑mediated disruption of the target cell membrane results in leakage of its cytoplasmic contents into the culture medium. (technologynetworks.com)