Less virulent francisella tularensis. Medical search. Frequent questions

Francisella tularensis is a highly infectious, facultative Among these, pulsed-fi eld gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of the more widely adopted and was recently proposed for diag- zoonotic disease tularemia. (cdc.gov)
Inhalation of bacteria, particularly biovar F. t. tularensis,[citation needed] leads to the potentially lethal pneumonic tularemia. (wikipedia.org)
Medical care in tularemia is directed primarily toward antibiotic eradication of F tularensis , with streptomycin being the drug of choice (DOC) for this treatment. (medscape.com)
Francisella tularensis is a gram negative, facultative intracellular bacterium that is the etiological agent of tularemia. (biomedcentral.com)
Francisella tularensis is the etiological agent of the severe, febrile disease tularemia. (biomedcentral.com)
Although there have been rare isolates of F. tularensis in Australia, tularemia is mainly a disease of the Northern hemisphere that is spread by blood-sucking mosquitoes, flies, and ticks or acquired from contact with infected animals such as rabbits, rodents, and beavers [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
At the Annual Biophysical Society Meeting in San Francisco, Geoffrey K. Feld, a Postdoctoral researcher in the Physical&Life Sciences Directorate at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), described the team's work to uncover the secrets of the bacterium Francisella tularensis , which causes tularemia. (science20.com)
Francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia or rabbit fever. (qmrawiki.org)
Francisella tularensis is the etiological agent of tularemia, a serious disease in several Northern hemisphere countries. (bibbase.org)
article{karlsson_sequencing_2000, title = {Sequencing of the {Francisella} tularensis {Strain} {Schu} 4 {Genome} {Reveals} the {Shikimate} and {Purine} {Metabolic} {Pathways}, {Targets} for the {Construction} of a {Rationally} {Attenuated} {Auxotrophic} {Vaccine}}, volume = {5}, issn = {1090-6592}, url = {https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/10906590050145249}, doi = {10.1089/10906590050145249}, abstract = {Francisella tularensis is the etiological agent of tularemia, a serious disease in several Northern hemisphere countries. (bibbase.org)
Francisella tularensis is the causative pathogen of tularemia and a Tier 1 bioterror agent on the CDC list. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
Due to its high infectivity to cause tularemia, relative ease of dissemination and prior stock as a biological weapon, F. tularensis subsp. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
However, a paucity of epidemiologic and ecologic knowledge hampers the investigation of tularemia outbreaks caused by the intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis, although it is one of the most virulent pathogens known. (blogspot.com)
Little is known about natural reservoirs of tularemia, F. tularensis transmission mechanisms to humans, and factors influencing the often irregular pattern of outbreaks. (blogspot.com)
F. tularensis has a clonal genetic structure, a property that should facilitate tracking the spread of tularemia by genotyping (9,10). (blogspot.com)
We demonstrate a strategy to enhance epidemiologic investigations of tularemia by combining geographic data collected from patient interviews and high-resolution genotyping of F. tularensis subsp. (blogspot.com)
Responsible for tularemia, Francisella tularensis bacteria are highly infectious Gram-negative, category A bioterrorism agents. (encyclopedia.pub)
The facultative intracellular Gram-negative coccobacillus Francisella tularensis is the etiologic agent of tularemia [ 1 ]. (encyclopedia.pub)

Human disease caused by F. tularensis subsp. (cdc.gov)
High-resolution typing of F. tularensis is currently lecular and epidemiologic analyses of natural isolates of F. attainable only by the use of multilocus variable-number tularensis subsp. (cdc.gov)
F. tularensis subsp. (blogspot.com)
A more virulent variety, F. tularensis subsp. (blogspot.com)
Bergen Open Research Archive: Whole genome sequencing of the fish pathogen Francisella noatunensis subsp. (uib.no)
We have completed the sequencing and draft assembly of the Francisella noatunensis subsp. (uib.no)
Compared to other available Francisella genomes, it is most similar to the genome of Francisella philomiragia subsp. (uib.no)
Comparing the novel genome with other available Francisella genomes, we found around 2.5% of unique genes present in Francisella noatunensis subsp. (uib.no)
The only two subspecies of F. tularensis that cause severe disease in humans are the subsp. (encyclopedia.pub)
tularensis (Type A strains) and subsp. (encyclopedia.pub)
Francisella philomiragia subsp. (up.ac.za)

From 5 representative F. F. tularensis is included among the top 6 "category A" po- tularensis genome sequences, 38 indel markers with ca- tential bioterrorism agents believed to have the greatest po- nonical properties, i.e., capable of sorting strains into ma- jor genetic groups, were selected. (cdc.gov)
In standard medical practice, subspecies determination subspecies division, delineation of clades A.I and A.II of of F. tularensis typically involves biochemical fermenta- subspecies tularensis , differentiation of Japanese strains tions. (cdc.gov)
For discrimination of strains Martin agar ( 25 ), suspended in phosphate-buffered saline, of F. tularensis , MLVA is the obvious choice. (cdc.gov)
Genes located on plasmids pOM1 and pNFL10, which had been previously isolated from low virulence strains of F. tularensis, were absent but all of the other known F. tularensis genes were represented in the assembled data. (bibbase.org)
Considering the fact that some subpopulation of the F. tularensis strains is more virulent, more significantly associated with mortality, and therefore poses more threat to humans, rapid identification and characterization of this subpopulation strains is of invaluable importance. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
Although the paralogous FupB protein lacks such activity, iron transport capacity and a role in membrane stability were reported for the FupA/B chimera, a protein found in some F. tularensis strains, including the live vaccine strain (LVS). (encyclopedia.pub)

Francisella tularensis, a potent human pathogen and a pu- needed, not only because of their use in clinical and public tative bioterrorist agent, we combined analysis of insertion- health work but also because of a rising concern associated deletion (indel) markers with multiple-locus variable-number with risks for bioterrorism ( 4 , 8 ). (cdc.gov)
Researchers found methyltransferase in the pathogen Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis, the most virulent form of Francisella. (sciencedaily.com)
These findings not only provide insights into the evolution of virulence in Francisella, but have broader implications regarding the molecular mechanisms that mediate host-pathogen relationships," she added. (sciencedaily.com)
10 bacteria are sufficient to induce severe infection) and its potential use as a biological weapon, the aerosolizable and high-mortality rate Francisella pathogen has been classified as a class A bioterrorism agent by the U.S.A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (encyclopedia.pub)

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates hypothesize that if 50 kg of 'weaponized' or highly virulent bacterium Francisella tularensis was dispersed in aerosol form over a large city, depending on weather and exposure patterns, there could be as many as 250,000 infections resulting in a projected 19,000 deaths. (faqs.org)
The causative bacterium, Francisella tularensis is a Gram-negative bacterium that, even though it does not form a spore, can survive for protracted periods of time in environments such as cold water, moist hay, soil, and decomposing carcasses. (faqs.org)
Here, we focus efforts on the highly virulent bacterium Francisella tularensis tularensis. (ncsu.edu)

Based on virulence tests and nostic and epidemiologic work on F. tularensis by PulseNet biochemical assays, F. tularensis is divided into 4 subspe- laboratories throughout the United States ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Due to its low infectious dose, ease of spread by aerosol, and high virulence, F. tularensis is classified as a Tier 1 Select Agent by the U.S. government, along with other potential agents of bioterrorism such as Yersinia pestis, Bacillus anthracis, and Ebola virus. (wikipedia.org)
F. novicida is closely related to F. tularensis but has low virulence for humans while being highly virulent in mice. (biomedcentral.com)
The functions of novel proteins putatively involved in F. tularensis virulence are revealed by X-ray crystallography. (science20.com)
Our preliminary data indicate that F. tularensis bacteria lacking these proteins are diminished in their ability to infect or survive in human immune cells, which indicates that these proteins may also contribute to F. tularensis virulence," Feld said. (science20.com)

This encystment phenotype was rapidly induced by F. tularensis in the laboratory and was required for the long-term survival of the bacteria. (science20.com)
F. tularensis Schu4 was able to grow in the absence of aromatic amino acids and orthologues of genes which could encode enzymes in the shikimate pathway in other bacteria were identified in the assembled data. (bibbase.org)

F. tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterium that is capable of infecting most cell types, but primarily infects macrophages in the host organism. (wikipedia.org)
F. tularensis is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacterium capable of survival and replication in macrophages [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We recently described a Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI) harboring several genes necessary for intracellular growth. (biomedcentral.com)

Epidemiological studies have shown a positive correlation between occupations involving the above activities and infection with F. tularensis. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Human infection with F. tularensis can occur by several routes. (wikipedia.org)
[5] Known as one of the most infectious pathogens, only a few F. tularensis organisms may cause infection. (qmrawiki.org)
A set of classical dose-response data for F. tularensis infection via oral exposure by Quan et al were used in investigating the effects of inoculation route on the response. (qmrawiki.org)
Galleria mellonella as a model host to study infection by the Francisella tularensis live vaccine strain. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Francisella tularensis is a pathogenic species of Gram-negative coccobacillus, an aerobic bacterium. (wikipedia.org)
Background: Francisella is a genus of gram-negative bacterium highly virulent in fishes and human where F. tularensis is causing the serious disease tularaemia in human. (uib.no)

This data will be used to develop defined rationally attenuated mutants of F. tularensis, which could be used as replacements for the existing genetically undefined live vaccine strain. (bibbase.org)

philomiragia, a free-living bacterium not virulent to human. (uib.no)

We performed an epidemiologic investigation of these outbreaks using a novel strategy, involving high-resolution genotyping of Francisella tularensis isolates obtained from 136 patients (using 18 genetic markers developed from 6 F. tularensis genome sequences) and interviews with the patients. (blogspot.com)
Results: The genome is rearranged compared to the available Francisella genomes even though we found no IS-elements in the genome. (uib.no)

Day and Berendt exposed 4-5 kg monkeys to aerosol particles of SCHU S-4 strain of F. tularensis . (qmrawiki.org)

We describe an investigation of a large number of F. tularensis isolates from humans. (blogspot.com)

An especially severe pneumonia develops from the inhalation of one type of the organism, which is designated as Francisella tularensis biovar tularensis (type A). The pneumonia can progress to respiratory failure and death. (faqs.org)

[ 1 ] F tularensis is one of the most infectious bacterial species known. (medscape.com)

This review summarizes the up-to-date developments of assays for mainly detecting and characterizing F. tularensis and a touch of caveats of some of the assays. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)

orientalis Toba04 and a list of genes uniquely present in the human-pathogenic Francisella subspecies. (uib.no)
Evolutionary analysis of the Francisella genomes, strongly suggests that human and fish pathogenic Francisella species have evolved independently from free-living metabolically competent Francisella species. (uib.no)

Rasley and colleagues believe that careful characterization of these two novel F. tularensis proteins may shed light on how this organism persists in the environment and causes disease. (science20.com)
Structure of the Francisella response regulator QseB receiver domain, and characterization of QseB inhibition by antibiofilm 2-aminoimidazole-based compounds. (ncsu.edu)

F. novicida is highly related at the DNA level to F. tularensis , and serves as a model organism since it is very virulent in mice while being avirulent in humans. (biomedcentral.com)

This demonstration opens up new avenues for identifying functional genes, and novel therapeutic strategies against F. tularensis infections. (encyclopedia.pub)

Three subspecies (biovars) of F. tularensis are recognised (as of 2020): F. t. tularensis (or type A), found predominantly in North America, is the most virulent of the four known subspecies, and is associated with lethal pulmonary infections. (wikipedia.org)
tularensis, exists in North America. (blogspot.com)

Specifically, we demonstrated that amoebae exposed to fully virulent F. tularensis rapidly form cysts -- dormant, metabolically inactive cells -- that allow the amoebae to survive unfavorable conditions," said Amy Rasley, the research team leader. (science20.com)

A random library of DNA fragments from a highly virulent strain (Schu 4) of F. tularensis was constructed and the nucleotide sequences of 13,904 cloned fragments were determined and assembled into 353 contigs. (bibbase.org)

F. tularensis has been reported in invertebrates including insects and ticks, and vertebrates such as birds, amphibians, reptiles,[citation needed] fish[citation needed] and mammals, including humans. (wikipedia.org)

[9] Albino mice were infected orally with drinking water contaminated with 10 4 to 10 8 organisms of a highly virulent Aa strain. (qmrawiki.org)

time-consuming, produces complex banding pattern data, tularensis may be fulminate or even lethal, whereas disease and has a restrictive discriminatory capacity when applied caused by other subspecies is less severe, although often to F. tularensis ( 7 , 14 - 17 ). (cdc.gov)

In the laboratory, F. tularensis appears as small rods (0.2 by 0.2 µm), and is grown best at 35-37 °C. This species was discovered in ground squirrels in Tulare County, California in 1911. (wikipedia.org)
Recently Francisella species have been reported to cause mortality in aquaculture species like Atlantic cod and tilapia. (uib.no)
These findings will contribute to understanding the evolution of Francisella species and pathogenesis. (uib.no)

Altogether, evidence suggests a role of the Francisella tularensis protein in a mechanism of molecular mimicry. (sciencedaily.com)
IglA is a 21 kDa protein encoded by a gene that is part of an iglABCD operon located on the Francisella pathogenicity island (FPI). (biomedcentral.com)
Currently, we don't know the protein targets in the host -- amoeba, human, etc. -- that the REP proteins act on, nor do we know the mechanism by which the proteins could help F. tularensis survive in the environment or cause disease," Feld said. (science20.com)

Although F tularensis has been cultured from sputum, pleural fluid, wounds, blood, lymph node biopsy samples, and gastric washings, the yield is extremely low and culturing poses a danger to laboratory personnel. (medscape.com)

[6] [7] The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have classified F. tularensis as a Category A bioterrorism agent for public health preparedness. (qmrawiki.org)

Further exploration led to the identification of secreted F. tularensis proteins, which are responsible for induction of the rapid encystment phenotype (REP) observed in amoebae. (science20.com)

A bacterial virus that can become integrated into host cell DNA or replicates as a virulent virus. (innvista.com)

When found in nature, Francisella tularensis can survive for several weeks at low temperatures in animal carcasses, soil, and water. (wikipedia.org)
F. tularensis can survive for weeks outside a mammalian host[citation needed] and has been found in water, grassland, and haystacks. (wikipedia.org)

Several DNA-based methods have been found useful for typing of F. tularensis at the subspecies level ( 1 , 10 - 13 ). (cdc.gov)

P125109 is a virulent phage type 4 strain. (up.ac.za)

F. tularensis initially resides in a phagosome which accumulates some late endosome markers. (biomedcentral.com)

After about four hours most F. tularensis cells escape the phagosome and grow in the cytoplasm. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms4

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs4

Phenomena and Processes2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Tularemia18

Subsp11

Strains6

Pathogen4

Bacterium Francisella tularensis3

Virulence5

Bacteria2

Intracellular3

Infection5

Gram-negative2

Live vaccine strain1

Philomiragia1

Genome2

Aerosol1

Isolates1

Biovar1

Infectious1

Assays1

Pathogenic2

Characterization2

Organism1

Genes1

North America2

Metabolically1

Sequences1

Humans1

Highly1

Severe1

Species3

Protein3

Laboratory1

Bioterrorism1

Proteins1

Bacterial1

Survive2

Found1

Type1

Markers1

Cells1