• Also, infusion with kainic acid in the hippocampus of animals results in major damage of pyramidal neurons and subsequent seizure activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The third was an investigation of the excitatory amino acid receptors responsible for epileptiform bursting activity in 2 animal models of epilepsy: a chronic model of temporal lobe epilepsy, involved prior lesioning of the hippocampus with kainic acid, and an acute model which involved application of the GABA-A receptor antagonist, bicuculline. (soton.ac.uk)
  • Altered distribution of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate receptor subunit GluR2(4) and the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NMDAR1 in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Immunohistochemical distribution of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes mGluR1b, mGluR2/3, mGluR4a and mGluR5 in human hippocampus. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • therefore we have investigated alterations of neurofilaments, major cytoskeletal components of neurons, in the rat hippocampus after the kainic acid (ka) administration, an experimental model for the temporal lobe epilepsy . (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Decrement of GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents in dentate granule cells in epileptic hippocampus. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Here we focus on the perforant path lesion, a brain injury model that interrupts the main excitatory input to the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. (frontiersin.org)
  • miR-22-3p (hereafter miR-22), a conserved miRNA that is expressed throughout the body, including the brain [ 14 , 15 ], was previously identified among upregulated miRNAs within the mouse hippocampus contralateral to the epileptogenic zone in the intraamygdala kainic acid model of status epilepticus [ 16 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Le Gal La Salle G, Rougon G, Valin A. The embryonic type of neural cell floor molecule (E-NCAM) within the rat hippocampus and its reexpression on glial cells following kainic acid-induced status epilepticus. (chloeliemofficial.com)
  • Animals have been lesioned within the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, or striatum with a Hamilton syringe and needle at defined stereotaxic positions. (chloeliemofficial.com)
  • More recently we have demonstrated that C/EBPβ regulates the expression of several genes involved in inflammatory processes and brain injury [ 14 ] and mice lacking C/EBPβ showed a reduced inflammatory response after kainic acid injection and exhibited a dramatic reduction in pyramidal cell loss in the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Le Gal La Salle G, Rougon G, Valin A. The embryonic form of neural cell surface molecule (E-NCAM) in the rat hippocampus and its reexpression on glial cells following kainic acid-induced standing epilepticus. (upstream.pk)
  • caused by systemic administration of kainic acid, it has been shown that convulsive activity correlates with indicators of oxidative stress, apoptosis and expression of the AP-1 transcription factor in the rat hippocampus. (ihna.ru)
  • Kainic acid is a direct agonist of the glutamic kainate receptors and large doses of concentrated solutions produce immediate neuronal death by overstimulating neurons to death. (wikipedia.org)
  • Such damage and death of neurons is referred to as an excitotoxic lesion. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, in large, concentrated doses kainic acid can be considered a neurotoxin, and in small doses of dilute solution kainic acid will chemically stimulate neurons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intrastriatal injections of quinolinic acid, an N -methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist, selectively affect medium-sized GABA-ergic spiny projection neurons, sparing the striatal interneurons and closely mimicking the neuropathology seen in HD. (medscape.com)
  • Given the increasing role of adult-generated new neurons in the function of the dentate gyrus, we also compare the response of newborn and mature granule cells following lesioning of the perforant path. (frontiersin.org)
  • This classic lesion provided some of the first evidence for structural plasticity following injury in the CNS, and also provides an opportunity to examine the injury response of some of the most highly plastic neurons in the brain, adult-generated newborn granule cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • FGFR1) on projecting basal forebrain cholinergic neurons suggests that FGF-2 acts directly on these neurons to induce the lesion-induced sprouting response. (jneurosci.org)
  • Cannabinoid receptor CB1 mediates baseline and activity-induced survival of new neurons in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • In situ Rho-GTP detection revealed that both neurons and glial cells showed Rho activation at SCI lesion sites. (silverchair.com)
  • Kainic acid is a potent central nervous system excitant that is used in epilepsy research to induce seizures in experimental animals, at a typical dose of 10-30 mg/kg in mice. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to inducing seizures, kainic acid is excitotoxic and epileptogenic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kainic acid induces seizures via activation of kainate receptors containing the GluK2 subunit and also through activation of AMPA receptors, for which it serves as a partial agonist. (wikipedia.org)
  • Plasticity of granule cell-mossy fiber system following kainic acid induced seizures: an immunocytochemical study on neurofilament proteins. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Differential 24 h responsiveness of Prox1-expressing precursor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis to physical activity, environmental enrichment, and kainic acid-induced seizures. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • The P2X7 receptor was identified as a miR-22 target and co-injection of a P2X7 receptor antagonist mitigated the epilepsy phenotype in mice given the ASO inhibitor of miR-22 [ 16 ]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Although the exact pathogenesis of FIRES has not been elucidated, a functional deficiency in the endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist has been implicated in a genetic predisposition to FIRES. (annchildneurol.org)
  • A crucial role of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in FIRES has been demonstrated in case reports describing the effective clinical use of anakinra, a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) [ 1 , 7 ]. (annchildneurol.org)
  • Kainic acid is utilised in primary neuronal cell cultures and in the acute brain slice preparation to study the physiological effect of excitotoxicity and assess the neuroprotective capabilities of potential therapeutics. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this review, we summarize the role of Sprouties in the lesioned central and peripheral nervous system with particular reference to Sprouty2 that is upregulated in various experimental models of neuronal degeneration and regeneration. (springer.com)
  • On the contrary, knockdown of Sprouty proteins increases proliferation of activated astrocytes and, consequently, reduces secondary brain damage in neuronal lesion models such as kainic acid-induced epilepsy or endothelin-induced ischemia. (springer.com)
  • Before discussing the insights gained from the perforant path lesion model, we first highlight features of neuronal and non-neuronal plasticity that drive adaptive and maladaptive changes in brain circuits. (frontiersin.org)
  • Metabolism of arachidonic acid through cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes is known to be actively involved in the neuroinflammatory events leading to neuronal death after ischemia. (southampton.ac.uk)
  • After a penetrating lesion within the central nervous system, astrocytes enlarge, divide, and participate in creating an setting that adversely affects neuronal regeneration. (chloeliemofficial.com)
  • Recent data indicate that these three inhibitory proteins bind to the same neuronal receptor, the Nogo-66 receptor (NgR), but there are additional inhibitory proteins in the CNS that act through different receptors. (silverchair.com)
  • Kainic acid is a potent neuroexcitatory amino acid agonist that acts by activating receptors for glutamate, the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kainate receptors likely control a sodium channel that produces excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) when glutamate binds. (wikipedia.org)
  • Excitotoxicity refers to the neurotoxic effect of excitatory amino acids in the presence of excessive activation of postsynaptic receptors. (medscape.com)
  • Glutamate is produced by the cell's metabolic processes and there are four major classifications of glutamate receptors: NMDA receptors, AMPA receptors, kainate receptors, and the metabotropic glutamate receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kainic acid is an agonist for kainate receptors, a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Chemical stimulation, while more complicated than electrical stimulation, has the distinct advantage of activating cell bodies, but not nearby axons, because only cell bodies and subsequent dendrites contain glutamate receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intrastriatal injections of kainic acid, an agonist of a subtype of glutamate receptor, produce lesions similar to those seen in HD. (medscape.com)
  • The scientist's investigation covers issues in Glutamate receptor, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, Internal medicine and Choline acetyltransferase. (research.com)
  • His Glutamate receptor research includes themes of Amino acid, Glutamic acid, Neurotransmitter, Biophysics and Dopamine. (research.com)
  • His research in Endocrinology intersects with topics in Glutamate decarboxylase and Lesion. (research.com)
  • His scientific interests lie mostly in Biochemistry, Glutamate receptor, Internal medicine, Endocrinology and Choline acetyltransferase. (research.com)
  • The various areas that Frode Fonnum examines in his Glutamate receptor study include Amino acid, Glutamine, Neurotransmitter, Neuroscience and Metabolism. (research.com)
  • His Choline acetyltransferase research is multidisciplinary, relying on both Glutamate decarboxylase, Acetylcholinesterase, Choline, Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase and Nucleus. (research.com)
  • Frode Fonnum focuses on Biochemistry, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Reactive oxygen species and Glutamate receptor. (research.com)
  • His study in Reactive oxygen species is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing from both Phospholipase A2, Medicinal chemistry, Nitric oxide and Phospholipase C. His study with Glutamate receptor involves better knowledge in Receptor. (research.com)
  • His primary scientific interests are in Biochemistry, Reactive oxygen species, Glutamate receptor, Apoptosis and Cyclosporin a. (research.com)
  • His Glutamate receptor study is associated with Internal medicine. (research.com)
  • 2, 3] and [4] following induction of glutamate-receptor-mediated excitotoxic death. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • Using this analogy as a framework for the role of COX-2 in death of oligodendrocytes (OLs), we showed that COX-2 is induced in OLs and OPCs following glutamate receptor (GluR) activation and renders these cells more susceptible to excitotoxic death [8]. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • Turnock-Jones JJ, Jennings CA, Robbins MJ, Cluderay JE, Cilia J, Reid JL, Taylor A , Jones DN, Emson PC , Southam E. Increased expression of the NR2A NMDA receptor subunit in the prefrontal cortex of rats reared in isolation. (neurotree.org)
  • NMDA and benzodiazepine receptors have synergistic and antagonistic effects on precursor cells in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • A paper recently published by eLife on forebrain cortical synaptic plasticity reports that retinoic acid (RA) alters synaptopodin-dependent metaplasticity in mouse dentate granule cells (Lenz et al. (preprints.org)
  • neuroscience research neurodegenerative agent modeling of epilepsy modeling of Alzheimer's disease Dihydrokainic acid Domoic acid Kainate receptor Carlson NR (2013). (wikipedia.org)
  • On the model of limbic epilepsy caused by the systemic administration of kainic acid and accompanied by neurodegeneration, the possibility of modulating the pathological effects of zinc is shown. (ihna.ru)
  • A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action. (lookformedical.com)
  • A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. (lookformedical.com)
  • A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool. (lookformedical.com)
  • A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist. (lookformedical.com)
  • Concurrent treatment with benztropine and haloperidol attenuates development of behavioral hypersensitivity but not dopamine receptor proliferation. (rush.edu)
  • The effect of bilateral kainic acid-induced lateral habenula lesions on dopamine-mediated behaviors. (rush.edu)
  • Logan A, Frautschy SA, Gonzalez AM, Baird A. A time course for the focal elevation of synthesis of basic fibroblast growth factor and one of its high-affinity receptors following a localized cortical mind damage. (chloeliemofficial.com)
  • When N-CAM and primary fibroblast growth issue, which is thought to stimulate astrocyte division in vitro, have been coinfused into cortical lesion websites, astrocyte proliferation was still inhibited. (fikretcaglar.com)
  • We investigated spatial and temporal expression of Cln8 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) using in situ hybridization, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and northern blotting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Treatment of OPCs with an EP1/EP3 agonist 17 phenyl-trinor PGE2 reversed protection from a COX-2 inhibitor while inhibition of EP3 receptor protected OPCs from excitotoxicity. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • The EP3 receptor was identified as a candidate contributing to OPC excitotoxic death based on pharmacological evidence. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • In this study, we examined whether prostanoids (PGs) such as PGE2 and their receptors contribute to excitotoxic death of OPCs. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters. (lookformedical.com)
  • Kainic acid, or kainate, is an acid that naturally occurs in some seaweed. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, repeated MCLR significantly elevated the membrane expression of kainate receptor GluK2 subunits, p-pan-protein kinase C (PKC), and p-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) at 1â ¯h after KA. (bvsalud.org)
  • In EAE, excitotoxicity and axonal damage appear to contribute to the pathology of the disease, since -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) antagonists of GluRs can ameliorate the neurological deficits associated with the progression of the disease [14]. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • Furthermore, immunocytochemical localization of receptors for FGF-2 (i.e. (jneurosci.org)
  • Neurotransmitter Receptors in the Basal Ganglia Handbook of Behavioral Neuroscience . (neurotree.org)
  • The first step of the pathway involves the N-prenyltransferase, KabA, which allows for the prenylation of L-glutamic acid with dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) to form the intermediate N-dimethylallyl-l-glutamic acid (prekainic acid). (wikipedia.org)
  • His Glutamic acid study combines topics in areas such as Free nerve ending, Calcium metabolism, Mammalian brain, Receptor and Aspartate binding. (research.com)
  • Electrical stimulation of designated areas of the brain are generally administered by passing an electric current through a wire that is inserted into the brain to lesion a particular area of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, chemical stimulation by kainic acid is more localized than electrical stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sortilin-related receptor with A-type repeats (SORLA) affects the amyloid precursor protein-dependent stimulation of ERK signaling and adult neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Researchers identified a cluster containing genes identified as the kainic acid biosynthesis (kab) genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • To confirm production of kainic acid through the identified cluster, Chekan et al expressed the genes in Escherichia coli and validated the enzymatic functions of each proposed gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • D2-class receptor genes contain INTRONS, and the receptors inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES. (lookformedical.com)
  • In recent years, the search for intracellular signaling integrator downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases provided valuable novel substrates. (springer.com)
  • previously named ML3000) is a substrate analogue of arachidonic acid which inhibits cyclooxygenase type 1 and 2 (COX1 and COX2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), decreasing prostaglandins and leukotrienes production. (j-epilepsy.org)
  • In this review, we summarize a classic injury model, lesioning of the perforant path, which removes the main extrahippocampal input to the dentate gyrus. (frontiersin.org)
  • Receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation attracts proteins containing Src homology 2 (SH2) or phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domains including adaptor proteins like FRS2 and GRB2. (springer.com)
  • Therefore, Sig1R demonstrates properties that can be attributed to both chaperone proteins and receptors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Conclusion Therefore, inhibitors MifaMurtide of the EP3 receptor appear to enhance survival of OPCs following toxic challenge and may help facilitate remyelination. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • Previous studies from our laboratory indicated that C/EBPβ is implicated in inflammatory process and brain injury, since mice lacking this gene were less susceptible to kainic acid-induced injury. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To address the functional significance of this increase in FGF-2, we assessed the magnitude of cholinergic sprouting in animals receiving chronic intracerebroventricular infusions of neutralizing antibodies specific for FGF-2 and compared it with that observed in lesioned animals receiving infusate controls. (jneurosci.org)
  • In 2019, Chekan et al were able to use bioinformatic tools to look for domoic acid gene homologs in the seaweed Digenea simplex. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, the most effective ablation studies are performed in comparison to a sham lesion that duplicates all the steps of producing a brain lesion except the one that actually causes the brain damage, that is, injection of kainic acid or administration of an electrical shock. (wikipedia.org)
  • Kainic acid is commonly injected into laboratory animal models to study the effects of experimental ablation. (wikipedia.org)
  • These latter studies suggest that a unique post-lesion environment affects development of dendritic spines and new synapses in deafferented laminae. (frontiersin.org)
  • FGF-2 immunoreactivity was localized within GFAP-positive hypertrophic astrocytes distributed specifically within the denervated outer molecular layer after the lesion. (jneurosci.org)
  • However, over recent years, it became clear that RTKs cannot be sufficiently activated by growth factors or receptor agonists in the adult and aging brain to exert significant neuroprotective or neurorestorative effects. (springer.com)
  • Oppositional effects of serotonin receptors 5-HT1a, 2, and 2c in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • These data demonstrate that SRSs in this IAK model of MTLE are pharmacoresistant to two representative sodium channel-inhibiting ASDs (phenytoin and carbamazepine) and partially sensitive to GABA receptor modulating ASDs (diazepam and phenobarbital) or a mixed-mechanism ASD (valproate). (bvsalud.org)
  • Because perforant path axons are lesioned at a site remote from the dentate, this model is particularly useful to evaluate axonal sprouting from other pathways terminating in the dentate gyrus. (frontiersin.org)
  • We also have shown that COX-2 is expressed in dying OLs at the onset of demyelination in Theilers Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV) model of multiple sclerosis (MS) [9] and in dying OLs in MS lesions [8]. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • In fact, many of these animals exhibited virtually no sprouting at all despite histological verification of complete lesions. (jneurosci.org)
  • Both chemical and electrical lesions potentially cause additional damage to the brain due to the very nature of the inserted electrode or cannula. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, the notion that allosteric modulators of Sig1R are identified is an additional argument for the "receptor" view of Sig1R. (frontiersin.org)
  • This may be particularly important for OPCs since the susceptibility of OPCs to injury within the MS lesion environment MifaMurtide can be a major limitation to remyelination in MS [16]. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • examined the role of PGE2 receptor signaling in EAE and identified a role for EP2 and EP4 in peripheral immune response and increase of bloodCbrain barrier permeability in the initiation and progression of monophasic EAE using global knockouts of PG receptors [13]. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
  • Next, we examined the role of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75 NTR ) in Rho signaling. (silverchair.com)
  • From the conditioned reflex activity in gastric acid secretion discovered by Pavlov to the recognition of the role of CNS in stress-induced gastric ulcer and exacerbation of intestinal inflammation, all these facts confirm the significance of brain-gut axis. (cyberleninka.ru)
  • These results suggest that the IL-1β-IL-1 receptor type 1 (IL-1R1) signaling pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of FIRES, and a better understanding of IL-1 in FIRES is needed to improve the treatment of FIRES patients. (annchildneurol.org)
  • As an alternative approach, growth factor receptors or components of their signal transduction machinery may be targeted directly. (springer.com)
  • Frode Fonnum combines subjects such as Kainic acid and Neurotoxicity with his study of Endocrinology. (research.com)
  • 1989, showed that the topographic flash VEPs can provide data on the location of lesions remote from the occipital area, where usually the components were asymmetrical, caused by a depression or enhancement of some component. (neurodig.com)