Leptin adiposity. Medical search. Frequent questions

Introduction We aimed to test whether the serum adipokines leptin and adiponectin are more strongly associated with body fat percentage (BF%) than body mass index (BMI) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and overweight/obesity. (bmj.com)
In obesity, a decreased sensitivity to leptin occurs (similar to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes), resulting in an inability to detect satiety despite high energy stores and high levels of leptin. (wikipedia.org)
The primary risk factors of NASH include obesity (body mass index [BMI] >30), insulin resistance, Type II diabetes, "central adiposity" ( Paskos & Paletas, 2009 , para. (nursingcenter.com)
People with rare mutations of genes in the leptin-signaling pathway (e.g., complete deficiencies of leptin or its receptor) have a very high likelihood of developing obesity. (cdc.gov)
Assessment of obesity before old age may be a more accurate representation of adiposity as the ratio of lean to fat mass changes with ageing, 5 resulting in a decreased body mass index. (bmj.com)
8 Obtaining weight measurements many years before the onset of dementia, as well as other measures of adiposity, would provide stronger evidence of causality between obesity and increased risk of dementia. (bmj.com)
The co-existence of impaired bone health (osteopenia/osteoporosis), reduced muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia), and increased adiposity (obesity) in middle-aged and older people has been identified in recent studies, leading to a proposal for the existence of "osteosarcopenic obesity" as a distinct entity. (springer.com)
Leptin is one of the major adipokines in obesity that indicates the severity of fat accumulation. (plos.org)
Aging has been demonstrated to aggravate obesity and to induce leptin resistance and hyperleptinemia. (plos.org)
We aimed to review the literature on the effects of training intervention on peripheral leptin level in obesity during aging, in order to evaluate the independent efficacy of this method. (plos.org)
Studies have investigated the role of leptin in obesity, anorexia nervosa, insulin resistance, and hypertension. (thermofisher.com)
Severe hereditary obesity in rodents and humans can be caused by defects in leptin production. (thermofisher.com)
We established that a loss of central leptin action during obesity leads to impaired insulin action, which might explain the striking correlation of obesity and type 2 diabetes. (otago.ac.nz)
The main biological role of leptin appears to be adaptation to reduced energy availability rather than prevention of obesity. (diabetesjournals.org)
A recent example of the importance of adipocyte function to have profound systemic effects is provided by the report that mice specifically lacking insulin signaling in adipocytes (FIRKO mouse) are not only lean, leptin sensitive, and obesity resistant ( 1 ), but live almost 20% longer than wild-type control animals ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that controls energy balance by acting primarily in the CNS, but its action is lost in common forms of obesity due to central leptin resistance. (jneurosci.org)
Ample studies have confirmed the important role of Socs3 in leptin resistance and obesity. (jneurosci.org)
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that acts in the CNS to control energy homeostasis, but its effects are lost in common forms of obesity due to central leptin resistance ( Münzberg and Myers, 2005 ). (jneurosci.org)
Despite its important role in leptin resistance and obesity, the degree to which Socs3 participates in the regulation of energy homeostasis in nonobese animals is still largely unresolved. (jneurosci.org)
Epigenetic regulation of adiposity: The molecular complexity of obesity. (alliedacademies.org)
While genetics, diet, and physical activity have traditionally been considered the main drivers of obesity, emerging research suggests that epigenetics plays a pivotal role in regulating adiposity. (alliedacademies.org)
Indeed, the obesity and cellular leptin resistance of [diet-induced obese] animals are reversed by replacing the palatable calorie-dense chow used to promote obesity with standard chow. (blogspot.com)
How then is the action of leptin to regulate the perception of food reward overwhelmed to promote obesity in the face of plentiful tasty food? (blogspot.com)
However, leptin fails as an adipostat because leptin resistance arises in obesity. (eurekaselect.com)
The hypertriglyceridemia of obesity invokes this aspect of the starvation response, inducing leptin resistance at the BBB. (eurekaselect.com)
Obesity is characterized by increased body adiposity and leads to insulin resistance. (medscape.com)

median diabetes duration 6.7 years, range 1.4-15) with a baseline serum sample where we measured leptin and adiponectin concentrations. (bmj.com)
Training intervention leads to a decrease in leptin level of middle-aged or older, overweight or obese male and female groups, even without major weight loss, indicated by unchanged serum adiponectin levels. (plos.org)
Among adipokines, leptin and adiponectin are the most abundantly secreted peptides [ 11 ]. (plos.org)
This review will address the biology, actions, and regulation of three adipocyte hormones-leptin, acylation stimulating protein (ASP), and adiponectin-with an emphasis on the most recent literature. (diabetesjournals.org)
Adiponectin and leptin cotreatment normalizes insulin action in lipoatrophic insulin-resistant animals. (diabetesjournals.org)
Work in our laboratory has primarily focused on the biology and regulation of three key adipocyte hormones: leptin, acylation-stimulating protein, and adiponectin. (diabetesjournals.org)
Objective: We investigated whether lifestyle intervention during pregnancy modifies pregnancy leptin and adiponectin levels, adipokines and their association with body mass index (BMI). (scirp.org)
In covariance analysis including all covariates change in leptin was associated with gestational weight gain (p = 0.036), but change in adiponectin was not (p = 0.93). (scirp.org)
L. Hilakivi-Clarke, S. Assis, J. Raitanen and R. Luoto, "Effects of Dietary and Physical Activity Intervention during Pregnancy on Circulating Leptin and Adiponectin Levels," Food and Nutrition Sciences , Vol. 3 No. 4, 2012, pp. 556-567. (scirp.org)
M. Matsubara, S. Maruoka and S. Katayose, "Inverse Relationship between Plasma Adiponectin and Leptin Concentrations in Normal-Weight and Obese Women," European Journal of Endocrinology, Vol. 147, No. 2, 2002, pp. 173-180. (scirp.org)
We investigated the relationship between serum concentrations of POPs measured in 1999/2000, individually and as mixtures, and serum levels of leptin and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, a biologically active form of adiponectin, measured in 2002/2003 among 1,400 women. (cdc.gov)
Leptin, adiponectin, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) may play potential roles in the underlying disease mechanisms. (pure.fo)
We investigated the impact of fetal exposure to GDM on leptin, adiponectin, and FGF21 concentrations and their associations with measures of adiposity and metabolic traits during childhood/adolescence.Design and Methods: The follow-up study included 504 GDM and 540 control offspring aged 9-16 from the Danish National Birth Cohort. (pure.fo)

The brain integrates multiple metabolic inputs from the periphery through nutrients, gut-derived satiety signals and adiposity-related hormones. (nature.com)
These neurons are the first-order neurons on which peripheral metabolic hormones, including leptin, insulin, ghrelin and nutrients, primarily act. (nature.com)
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether rhythmic melatonin can also affect the daily timing of other hormones, such as leptin and glucocorticoids. (frontiersin.org)
functions as an endocrine organ, producing hormones such as leptin, etc. (cityofhope.org)
In particular we are interested in the central interaction of the adiposity hormones leptin and insulin, which appears crucial for the maintenance of energy and glucose homeostasis. (otago.ac.nz)
This study assessed associations between multiple sleep variables, adiposity markers and metabolic hormones in a sample of emerging adults. (wku.edu)
Associations between sleep variables (tertile groups) with adiposity markers and metabolic hormones were assessed with linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, and sleep variables (when not the predictor of interest). (wku.edu)
No significant associations were noted between sleep efficiency and sleep duration variability with adiposity markers and metabolic hormones. (wku.edu)
Insulin and leptin are two important hormones that provide information about the energy status of the body to the hypothalamus. (columbia.edu)

Adiposity (assessed via condition scoring, morphometric measurements, and subcutaneous fat depth) and plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, and leptin were measured on a weekly or biweekly basis. (avma.org)
Leptin and insulin concentrations increased with weight gain. (avma.org)
Objective -To determine effects of exercise training without dietary restriction on adiposity, basal hormone and lipid concentrations and glucose and insulin dynamics in overweight or obese, insulin-resistant horses. (avma.org)
Prior to and after each training period, frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance tests with minimal model analysis were performed and baseline plasma insulin, glucose, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and leptin concentrations were analyzed. (avma.org)
We evaluated the relationship between changes in central adiposity and changes in circulating concentrations of PCBs and OCPs in 75 women over a twelve-year period (1999-2011). (cdc.gov)

The role of leptin in mediating inflammatory responses to SF is incompletely understood. (peerj.com)

As scientifically known so far, the general effects of leptin in the central nervous system are: Deficiency of leptin has been shown to alter brain proteins and neuronal functions of obese mice which can be restored by leptin injection. (wikipedia.org)
For people with leptin deficiency, treatment with leptin leads to sustained improvement in adiposity. (cdc.gov)
In addition to the well-known consequences of absolute leptin deficiency, subjects with heterozygous leptin gene mutations have low circulating leptin levels and increased body adiposity. (diabetesjournals.org)
Leptin treatment dramatically improves metabolic abnormalities (insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia) in patients with relative leptin deficiency due to lipoatrophy. (diabetesjournals.org)
Conversely, leptin deficiency decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in heart (IL-1β, TNF-α). (peerj.com)
Taken together, these findings suggest that leptin deficiency affects cytokine gene expression differently in the brain compared to peripheral tissues with minimal interaction from acute SF. (peerj.com)
In this study, using adult mice maintained under standard diet, we demonstrate that Socs3 deficiency in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) reduces food intake, protects against body weight gain, and limits adiposity, suggesting that Socs3 is necessary for normal body weight maintenance. (jneurosci.org)

Although regulation of fat stores is deemed to be the primary function of leptin, it also plays a role in other physiological processes, as evidenced by its many sites of synthesis other than fat cells, and the many cell types beyond hypothalamic cells that have leptin receptors. (wikipedia.org)
Non-hypothalamic targets of leptin are referred to as peripheral targets. (wikipedia.org)
Thus some leptin receptors in the brain are classified as central (hypothalamic) and some as peripheral (non-hypothalamic). (wikipedia.org)
Leptin is involved in regulating food intake, energy expenditure, and adiposity through hypothalamic leptin receptors. (thermofisher.com)
One potential mechanism for such leptin resistance is an increased hypothalamic expression of Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (Socs3), a feedback inhibitor of the Jak-Stat pathway that prevents Stat3 activation. (jneurosci.org)
Thus, oxytocin signaling likely mediates the effect of hypothalamic leptin on satiety circuits of the caudal brainstem. (jneurosci.org)
The hypothalamic insulin- and leptin- sensing circuits integrate these signals to coordinate metabolic outcomes such as food intake, energy expenditure, fuel partitioning, etc. (columbia.edu)
Given the tight correlation between stress axis activity and nutrient status, it raises the possibility that hypothalamic insulin- and leptin- sensing circuits may also be involved in coordinating responses of the stress axis, particularly during stress pertaining changes in energy homeostasis. (columbia.edu)
My thesis research focused on understanding the roles and the interactions of hypothalamic insulin and leptin signals in regulating and coordinating metabolic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functions. (columbia.edu)
My first project involved understanding the role of hypothalamic insulin signals in hypothalamic leptin receptor deficient animals (L^2.1 KO) in regulating energy metabolism (Chapter 2). (columbia.edu)
We observed an increase in body weight and adiposity in D^2.1 KO mice that lack both hypothalamic insulin receptor (InsR) and leptin receptor (LepRb) signals. (columbia.edu)
These results suggest that interactions between hypothalamic insulin and leptin signals are important for regulating energy expenditure and body temperature. (columbia.edu)

Kinetics analysis shows that the BBB transporter performs most efficiently at low serum levels of leptin, suggesting that the feedback loop evolved to operate at lower leptin levels than those seen in ideal body weight. (eurekaselect.com)

The amount of circulating leptin correlates with the amount of energy reserves, mainly triglycerides stored in adipose tissue. (wikipedia.org)

Soluble Leptin receptor levels are indirectly proportional to adiposity and are increased in females versus males. (biovendor.com)
Soluble Leptin receptor is also found upregulated in patients with chronic heart failure, end-stage renal disease and anorexia. (biovendor.com)
Anti-CCP anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies, BMI body mass index, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP C-reactive protein, DAS-28 disease activity index in 28 joints, sLepR soluble leptin receptor, FM fat mass, HOMA-IR , homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance. (biomedcentral.com)
Insulin and BMI Lower Serum Soluble Leptin Receptor Levels A new study found that a higher fasting insulin and higher BMI could be associated with lower serum soluble leptin receptor levels. (medscape.com)

As one of the major signals of energy status, leptin levels influence appetite, satiety, and motivated behaviors oriented towards the maintenance of energy reserves (e.g., feeding, foraging behaviors). (wikipedia.org)
Leptin is secreted by adipose tissue, where it then circulates to the hypothalamus to act as a satiety hormone. (peerj.com)
For example, amino acid metabolism - a pathway involved in satiety, leptin, adiposity, and body weight - was inversely associated with PM 10 , PM 2.5 , and NO 2 in both validated and untargeted analyses. (healtheffects.org)

Function The primary function of the hormone leptin is the regulation of adipose tissue mass through central hypothalamus mediated effects on hunger, food energy use, physical exercise and energy balance. (wikipedia.org)
Because the biology of leptin, including its role in energy balance and the regulation of its production, has been reviewed in detail ( 3 , 4 ), this section will primarily concentrate on more recent findings not covered in previous reviews. (diabetesjournals.org)
Long forms of OB-R transcripts were reported to be expressed predominantly in regions of the hypothalamus which provides evidence that Leptin receptor is important in body weight regulation. (biovendor.com)
For example, histone acetylation of genes encoding neuropeptides like leptin and ghrelin, which play critical roles in appetite regulation, can affect their expression. (alliedacademies.org)

Leptin is coded for by the LEP gene. (wikipedia.org)
Leptin is approximately 16 kDa in mass and encoded by the obese (ob) gene. (thermofisher.com)
Leptin receptor (OB R) was identified as a leptin binding protein (Leptin, the product of the ob gene, is a single chain 16 kDa protein consisting of 146 amino acid residues. (biovendor.com)
Alternate splicing from a single gene derives the six isoforms of the Leptin receptor. (biovendor.com)

Plasma leptin is secreted by adipocytes in proportion with adiposity ( Ahima and Flier, 2000 ). (frontiersin.org)
Leptin is expressed predominantly by adipocytes, which fits with the idea that body weight is sensed as the total mass of fat in the body. (thermofisher.com)
Leptin is a peptide hormone produced by adipocytes that has anorexigenic effects upon appetite while regulating immunity. (peerj.com)

Importantly, recent data indicate that the effects of leptin to inhibit food intake are mediated by signaling through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( 5 ), which is shared by the insulin signal transduction pathway. (diabetesjournals.org)

In humans, low circulating plasma leptin has been associated with cognitive changes associated with anorexia, depression, and Alzheimer's Disease. (wikipedia.org)
For that purpose, daily variations of plasma leptin, cortisol, insulin and glucose were analyzed in pinealectomized hamsters, as compared to sham-operated controls kept under very long (16 h light/08 h dark) or short photoperiods (08 h light/16 h dark). (frontiersin.org)
Together, these findings in Syrian hamsters show that circulating melatonin at night drives the daily rhythmicity of plasma leptin, participates in the phase control of cortisol rhythm and modulates glucose homeostasis according to photoperiod-dependent metabolic state. (frontiersin.org)

Leptin receptors are expressed by a variety of brain and peripheral cell types. (wikipedia.org)
There is a different relative importance of central and peripheral leptin interactions under different physiologic states, and variations between species. (wikipedia.org)
The BBB transporter is the first part of the feedback loop to fail, producing the so called "peripheral resistance" to leptin. (eurekaselect.com)
Triglycerides inhibit the transport of leptin across the BBB, thus attenuating the leptin signal across the BBB and providing a mechanism for peripheral leptin resistance. (eurekaselect.com)

Location of action The central location of action (effect) of the fat cell-specific hormone leptin is the hypothalamus, a part of the brain, which is a part of the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
The primary effect of leptins is in the hypothalamus, a part of the central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
Leptin receptors are expressed not only in the hypothalamus but also in other brain regions, particularly in the hippocampus. (wikipedia.org)
Leptin receptors are highly expressed in areas of the hypothalamus known to be important in regulating body weight, as well as in T lymphocytes and vascular endothelial cells. (thermofisher.com)

Gln223Arg) Polymorphism and Circulating Leptin in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in the Indian Population. (cdc.gov)

Leptin is a 167 amino acid long protein hormone with important effects in regulating body weight, metabolism and reproductive function. (thermofisher.com)
Leptin production is primarily regulated by insulin-induced changes of adipocyte metabolism. (diabetesjournals.org)

Predominantly, the "energy expenditure hormone" leptin is made by adipose cells, and is thus labeled fat cell-specific. (wikipedia.org)

Resistance training appears to be more efficient in reducing blood leptin level than aerobic training alone. (plos.org)
I recently came across an outstanding 2008 review paper by several leaders in the field titled "Mechanisms of Leptin Action and Leptin resistance" ( 1 ). (blogspot.com)
These are researchers who primarily study the mechanisms of leptin resistance in the brain. (blogspot.com)
As this continues, excess calories accumulate as increased adiposity, and increased circulating fatty acids lead to increased lipid flux into the brain, insulin/leptin resistance, an inflammatory condition, and so on. (blogspot.com)
Stated another way, the increased palatability of the diet initiates a vicious cycle in which hedonics cause more food to be eaten than is necessary to meet energy needs, and the increased calories in turn initiate events that lead to insulin/leptin resistance and a consequent tendency to eat even more food (Figure 4). (blogspot.com)
It's worth noting that they're referring specifically to insulin and leptin resistance in the brain in that passage. (blogspot.com)
Results demonstrate that the microencapsulated L.f. 11976 formulation greatly reduced the adiposity index (p = 0.0014), serum insulin (p = 0.0042), insulin resistance (p = 0.0096), glycosylated albumin (p = 0.00013), serum leptin (p = 0.048), serum uric acid (p =0.025) serum total cholesterol (p = 0.024), serum esterified cholesterol (p = 0.0328) and free non-esterified fatty acid (p = 0.029) levels in the treated animals. (ku.edu)

Serum leptin levels are directly related to adipose tissue mass, which leads to increased leptin levels associated with the obese (OB) phenotype ( Al Maskari & Alnaqdy, 2006 ). (peerj.com)

Prospective studies have confirmed that lower endogenous androgens predict central adiposity in men (Rosmond et al, 2003) and that these low testosterone levels are significantly inversely associated with levels of blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and body mass index and positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (Zmuda et al, 1997). (bhma.org)

In contrast, adiposity signals such as leptin and insulin are implicated in both short- and long-term energy homeostasis. (hindawi.com)
Leptin is only one of many inputs into the mesolimbic [dopamine] system and other neural pathways that regulate the perception of food reward, and physiological leptin levels may not be able to suppress the myriad other signals that compel us to consume tasty food. (blogspot.com)

Drugs targets in sympathetic neurons controlling adiposity. (europa.eu)

Whether serum adipokines could be used as convenient, surrogate markers of adiposity in obese/overweight adolescents with T1D is not known. (bmj.com)
We identifed differentially methylated CpG (dmCpG) loci measured at 17 years associated with concurrent adiposity measures and examined whether these were associated with hsCRP, adipokines, and early life environmental factors. (edu.au)

Empirical research papers were eligible provided that they reported data of middle-aged or older (above 45 years of age) overweight or obese (body mass index above 25) individuals and included physical training intervention or at least fitness status of groups together with corresponding blood leptin values. (plos.org)

We postulate that hypertriglyceridemia evolved as a starvation signal to the brain that acts in part to inhibit the transport of the leptin across the BBB. (eurekaselect.com)

Leptin receptor levels are highest in infants, decrease into adolescence, and remain relatively stable throughout adulthood. (biovendor.com)

Leptin (from Greek λεπτός leptos, "thin" or "light" or "small") is a protein hormone predominantly made by adipose cells and its primary role is likely to regulate long-term energy balance. (wikipedia.org)
Leptin is an adipocyte-secreted hormone, the circulating levels of which correlate closely with overall adiposity. (harvard.edu)

Sandwich ELISA: To detect Rat Leptin by sandwich ELISA (using 100 µL/well antibody solution) a concentration of 0.5-2.0 µg/mL of this antibody is required. (thermofisher.com)

High leptin levels are interpreted by the brain that energy reserves are high, whereas low leptin levels indicate that energy reserves are low, in the process adapting the organism to starvation through a variety of metabolic, endocrine, neurobiochemical, and behavioral changes. (wikipedia.org)

This suggests that excessive adiposity overrides the absence of leptin to promote a low-grade inflammatory environment in these tissues. (peerj.com)

Mode of action Leptin acts directly on leptin receptors in the cell membrane of different types of cells in the human body in particular, and in vertebrates in general. (wikipedia.org)
Based on that, we reasoned that any cell expressing insulin receptors might respond to a change of insulin level as if there had been a change of adiposity. (ssib.org)

Y. B. Kim, S. Uotani, D. D. Pierroz, J. S. Flier and B. B. Kahn, "In Vivo Administration of Leptin Activates Signal Transduction Directly in Insulin-Sensitive Tissues: Overlapping But Distinct Pathways from Insulin," Endocrinology, Vol. 141, No. 7, 2000, pp. 2328-2339. (scirp.org)

Conversely, after transfer to short, winter-like photoperiods, these hamsters become sexually quiescent, while their adiposity increases ( Bartness and Wade, 1985 ). (frontiersin.org)

Leptin is secreted from fat in proportion to the degree of adiposity, is transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and acts in the brain to decrease appetite and increase thermogenesis, actions that ultimately decrease adiposity. (eurekaselect.com)

Male C57BL/6j (lean) and ob/ob mice (leptin-deficient mice exhibiting obese phenotype) were subjected to SF or control conditions for 24 h using an automated SF chamber. (peerj.com)

Results: Pre-pregnancy BMI correlated with baseline (p = 0.023 and p = 0.079) and end leptin levels (p = 0.128 and p (scirp.org)
Similarly, gestational weight gain correlated with both baseline (p = 0.009 and p = 0.046) and end leptin levels (p = 0.065 and p = 0.011). (scirp.org)
BMI at the end of pregnancy correlated with the end leptin levels, but the correlation was weaker in the control (p = 0.043) than intervention women (p (scirp.org)
Control women having the highest pre-pregnancy BMI tended to exhibit the lowest increase in leptin levels during pregnancy (p = 0.10), whilst in the intervention group, women who had the highest pre-pregnancy BMI exhibited the highest increase in pregnancy leptin (p = 0.058). (scirp.org)
Conclusions: In contrast to the control group, women in the life-style intervention group exhibited a stronger association between gestational weight gain and leptin levels, indicating that they maintained insulin sensitivity. (scirp.org)
We suggest that low levels of serum leptin inform the brain that adipose reserves are adequate to expend calories on functions other than feeding, such as reproduction and the immune system. (eurekaselect.com)
There are several reasons to believe that adiposity is a significant factor in lowering levels of testosterone, which can be seen in men as young as 40 (Goncharov et al, 2009). (bhma.org)
Increased adiposity, with its associated hyperinsulinism, suppresses SHBG synthesis, and reduces levels of circulating FT (Eckel et al, 2005). (bhma.org)

This provides an anatomical substrate for the effect of leptin on meal size, and more generally, a mechanism for how the brain controls short-term food intake as a function of the energetic stores available in the organism to maintain energy homeostasis. (jneurosci.org)

In this large, national, population-based study, central adiposity, hyperleptinemia, and hyperinsulinemia were the major determinants of the association of overweight with elevated serum ALT activity. (nih.gov)

Dietary fat and fructose, which do not increase insulin secretion, lead to reduced leptin production, suggesting a mechanism for high-fat/high-sugar diets to increase energy intake and weight gain. (diabetesjournals.org)
Hallmarks of starvation include decreased secretion of leptin by adipose tissue and hypertriglyceridemia. (eurekaselect.com)

Leptin also has thermogenic actions and regulates enzymes of fatty acid oxidation. (thermofisher.com)

I highly recommend this review to anyone with a background in the biological sciences who wants to understand how leptin works in both the lean and obese state. (blogspot.com)

Leptin receptor may act as a negative regulator of Leptin activity and it may maintain a pool of available bioactive Leptin by binding and delaying its clearance from circulation. (biovendor.com)

The dramatic increase in the number of obese and overweight persons has spurred interest in control of appetite, body weight, and adiposity. (eurekaselect.com)

Anatomy16

Organisms6

Diseases23

Chemicals and Drugs35

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes51

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Named Groups3

Health Care13

Obesity26

Adiponectin13

Hormones9

Concentrations5

Role of leptin1

Deficiency7

Hypothalamic12

Serum levels of leptin1

Stored in adipose tissue1

Soluble leptin receptor4

Satiety3

Regulation4

Gene4

Adipocytes3

Effects of leptin1

Plasma leptin3

Peripheral4

Hypothalamus4

Circulating Leptin1

Metabolism2

Energy expenditure1

Resistance7

Adipose tissue mass1

Triglycerides1

Signals2

Sympathetic neurons1

Adipokines2

Middle-aged1

Inhibit1

Receptor levels1

Hormone2

Sandwich ELISA1

Endocrine1

Inflammatory1

Receptors2

20001

Conversely1

Decrease1

Mice1

Levels8

Food intake1

Hyperleptinemia1

Secretion2

Fatty1

Lean1

Bioactive1

Body weight1