• The Zucker diabetic fatty rat offered such a model system. (jci.org)
  • To determine if the CB1 receptor antagonist Rimonabant affected basal or activated insulin secretion we researched isolated islets from low fat siblings and obese Zucker (ZF) and Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats that were Drospirenone incubated for 24 h and exposed to 11 mmol/l glucose plus 0.3 mmol/l palmitate (GL) with or without Rimonabant. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • The abbreviations used for the Zucker RICTOR obese (312-415 g) Drospirenone and Zucker Diabetic Fatty (260-340 g) rats are ZF and ZDF respectively. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • We investigated the changes in serum levels of trace elements and inflammation markers in fatty livers using two rat models of NAFLD, the methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet model and Obese-Zucker rats. (unipv.it)
  • The "resistant obese" people experienced almost no rise at all in the level of fatty acids in their bloodstreams. (fathead-movie.com)
  • Resistant obese" people, on the other hand, don't release extra fatty acids when they eat less or not at all, and therefore don't make up for the calorie deficit by tapping and burning their body fat - at least not to nearly the degree the thin people do. (fathead-movie.com)
  • Meanwhile, the naturally-lean people released lots of fatty acids and burned them for fuel soon after they stopped eating - including that twenty-five year-old woman who couldn't gain weight in spite of her "excellent" appetite. (fathead-movie.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) progresses from compensated insulin resistance to beta cell failure resulting in uncompensated hyperglycemia, a process replicated in the Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rat. (nature.com)
  • We studied the content of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and the activity of both GABA aminotransferase (GABA-t) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in the brainstem and pancreas of either 11 weeks old genetically obese rats and their age matched lean control rats. (unime.it)
  • In order to investigate whether the impaired GH secretion associated with obesity is due to a pituitary disorder we studied GH mRNA levels by in situ hybridization in genetically obese and lean Zucker rats. (omeka.net)
  • The genetically obese Zucker rat is a widely used model of early-onset obesity. (omeka.net)
  • These results show that despite low GH secretion, genetically obese Zucker rats have 1) normal linear (nasoanal) growth, 2) normal or increased circulating levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3, and 3) increased plasma IGF-I responses to exogenous GH. (omeka.net)
  • Hearts from 50 wk-old genetically obese female Zucker rats (624 ± 13 g) and their lean littermate controls (275 ± 5 g) were isolated during ether anesthesia, supported metabolically by retrograde aortic perfusion (6 ml/min, 35° C) with physiological solution containing suspended canine erythrocytes (hematocrit, 20%), and the ventricles were paced at 180 beats/min. (edu.au)
  • IκB-α level was significantly higher in the obese liver tissues and nuclei than their lean counterparts. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two training modalities (moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)) on the pro/antioxidant status of different tissues in obese Zucker rats. (hindawi.com)
  • Intake of Baked Cod Fillet Resulted in Lower Serum Cholesterol and Higher Long Chain n -3 PUFA Concentrations in Serum and Tissues in Hypercholesterolemic Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats. (uib.no)
  • The plasma concentration of IGF-I increased between 4-20 weeks of age, and IGF-I levels were normal or slightly higher in the obese animals. (omeka.net)
  • Needlessly to say basal secretion was considerably raised in islets from obese or GL-treated low fat rats whereas the collapse upsurge in GSIS was reduced. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Nonetheless it reduced GSIS in islets from low fat rats without influencing basal secretion. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • In contrast it appears to decrease stimulated secretion in islets from lean animals but not in obese or GL-exposed islets. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • As expected basal secretion was significantly elevated in islets from obese or GL-treated lean rats whereas the fold increase in GSIS was diminished. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Like obese children, these obese rats are hyperinsulinemic and have low GH secretion. (omeka.net)
  • These rats exhibit hepatic steatosis in adulthood similar to those noted in obese individuals. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Liver histology and the level of total lipids confirmed that Zucker obese rats had hepatic steatosis, which was further augmented by piroxicam treatment. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Figure 1: Effects of peripheral CB 1 R blockade on body weight, adiposity, hepatic lipogenesis and glycemic control in ZDF rats. (nature.com)
  • Effects of legume protein hydrolyzates on lipid metabolism in an obese rat experimental model. (ugr.es)
  • Polar lipids and other metabolites extracted from plasma from lean, diabetic, and obese Zucker rats were analyzed by flow injection using high resolution time of flight mass spectrometry. (chromatographyonline.com)
  • Based on other interdisciplinary investigations on the lipid depots of diabetes 2 muscles made us to propose these accumulated contrasted contents to be made of peculiar lipids, including acyl-ceramides, as those were only found while diabetes 2 progresses in aging obese rats. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Conclusions The serum concentrations of trace elements change significantly only in MCD rats, which spontaneously progress to NASH. (unipv.it)
  • We determined the effects of insulin and muscle contraction/hypoxia on PI 3-kinase, AMPK, and glucose transport activity in epitrochlearis skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant Zucker ( fa/ fa ) rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated skeletal muscle was reduced 47% in obese versus lean rats, with a parallel 42% reduction in tyrosine-associated PI 3-kinase activity. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Contraction and hypoxia elicited normal responses for glucose transport in skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant obese rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In the present research, Zucker obese rats were used as a model of human obesity and insulin resistant state. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • were the first to demonstrate in obese mice and in humans with obesity that fat accumulation is positively associated with systemic oxidative stress, suggesting that the oxidative stress increase in people with obesity could be explained by reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in adipose tissue [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • METHODS AND PROCEDURES Animals Islets were isolated from 7- to 11-week-old male ZF and Zucker diabetic rats and their lean siblings. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Figure 3: Macrophage content and Nlrp3 expression in islets of lean and diabetic rats. (nature.com)
  • all forms of GRP reduce food intake in obese and lean adult Zucker rats similar to Bn in weanling rats. (genscript.com)
  • Like obese humans, adult OZR become hyperinsulinemic with poor glycemic control. (unthsc.edu)
  • We sought to determine if left ventricular (LV) function of the heart from the adult, chronically obese animal is impaired. (edu.au)
  • Here we show that beta cell failure in adult ZDF rats is not associated with CB 1 R signaling in beta cells, but rather in M1 macrophages infiltrating into pancreatic islets, and that this leads to activation of the Nlrp3-ASC inflammasome in the macrophages. (nature.com)
  • 1961 - Trinidad - 1/3rd of women over 25 were obese with an average Calorie intake below 2000/day. (physicality.info)
  • The relation between cerebrospinal fluid and serum levels of leptin in obese humans (17,18) suggests that defective BBB transport accounts for more of the overall resistance to leptin than the receptor/postreceptor defects (19). (clubalthea.com)
  • The inability of obese mice to respond to peripherally administered leptin while responding to centrally administered leptin is likely caused by a defect in leptin transport across the BBB. (clubalthea.com)
  • In the obese animals, compared to their lean littermates, the naso-anal length was normal or slightly greater, whereas the tails and femurs were shorter. (omeka.net)
  • Protein kinase C is increased in the liver of humans and rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: an alteration not due to hyperglycemia. (jci.org)
  • 0.05) in the obese livers than in the lean livers, the difference between obese and lean groups was not as significant as that noted for the level of NF-κB assessed by western blot. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • 0.05) in obese rats, while the same therapeutic approach did not affect this parameter in lean rats. (unime.it)
  • Material and methods NAFLD was induced in male Wistar rats by 3-week MCD diet administration, after which, blood samples were collected. (unipv.it)
  • A total of 80 male albino rats(Wistar strain) were used in this study. (edu.pk)
  • We explored the effect of FIN in a novel model of type 1 diabetic Munich Wistar Frömter (MWF) rat (D) induced by injection of streptozotocin (15 mg/kg) and additional exposure to a high-fat/high-sucrose diet. (met-vasc.com)
  • To this end we examined the distribution of PKC isozymes in liver biopsies from obese individuals with and without NIDDM and in lean controls. (jci.org)
  • There was a significant increase in immunodetectable PKC-alpha (twofold), -epsilon (threefold), and -zeta (twofold) in the membrane fraction isolated from obese subjects with NIDDM compared with the lean controls. (jci.org)
  • In obese subjects without NIDDM, the amount of membrane PKC isozymes was not different from the other two groups. (jci.org)
  • Postnatal development of the gastrin-releasing peptide system in the lumbosacral spinal cord controlling male reproductive function in rats. (genscript.com)
  • These results suggest that androgen surge during male puberty plays an important role in the development and maintenance of the male-specific GRP function in the rat spinal cord. (genscript.com)
  • 12-week old Obese (fa/fa) and Lean (fa/-) male Zucker rats were also used. (unipv.it)
  • In the present study, we investigated linear growth and its hormonal control in Zucker rats (male and female) from 4-20 weeks of age. (omeka.net)
  • Piroxicam treatment lowered the level of NF-κB in obese and lean livers. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • IκB-α was higher in obese livers than in lean livers. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Lipid raft was extracted and identified successfully from obese and lean livers. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Interaction with aerobic physical exercise/efectos de hidrolizados proteicos vegetales procedentes de leguminosas sobre el metabolismo lipídico en un modelo experimental de rata obesa. (ugr.es)
  • Immunodetectable membrane PKC-alpha, -beta, -epsilon, and -zeta were significantly increased when compared with both the lean and obese controls. (jci.org)
  • Piroxicam treatment significantly decreased the level of caveolin in the lean liver and significantly increased the level of flotillin in the obese liver. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Furthermore sodium valproate significantly increased GABA levels and decreased GABA-t activity in both lean and obese rats. (unime.it)
  • Figure 4: Effects of macrophage depletion on glycemic control and proinflammatory signaling in islets of ZDF rats. (nature.com)
  • Normalization of circulating glucose in the rat model by either insulin or phlorizin treatment did not result in a reduction in membrane PKC isozyme protein or kinase activity. (jci.org)
  • 2014). Loss of ovarian estrogens causes only mild deterioration of glucose homeostasis in female ZDF rats preventable by voluntary running exercise. (umontreal.ca)
  • Our data show that treatment with FIN improves kidney and vascular damage in a new rat model of DKD with T1D associated with a reduction in inflammation, fibrosis and osteogenic factors independently from changes in glucose homeostasis. (met-vasc.com)
  • Figure 6: Proinflammatory gene and protein expression in human macrophages and rat and human isolated islets treated with AEA, IL-1β or high glucose. (nature.com)
  • However, LYPLAL1, TFAP2B, SEC16B and FAIM2 were significantly lower expressed in the kidney fat of ZDF than ZL rats. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • The obese nuclei contained two to three fold higher levels of NF-κB protein than the lean liver nuclei. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • In this study, the effect of protein malnutrition and its reversal was observed in rats. (edu.pk)
  • It was observed that protein malnutrition had an adverse though reversibleeffect on the thyroid follicular cell size of the albino rats. (edu.pk)
  • The serum level of IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) measured by Western ligand blotting was not significantly different in lean vs, obese rats. (omeka.net)
  • Voluntary resistance exercise training with obese and lean Zucker rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Sequence analysis and feeding responses evoked by the large molecular form of gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) in the rat GRP-29. (genscript.com)
  • Interestingly, the expression pattern in the hypothalamus showed no differences between obese ZDF and lean ZL rats. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Female Zucker obese and lean rats (5 weeks old) were fed a semisynthetic diet with or without piroxicam (150 ppm). (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Although female rats may develop salt-induced sensitization of the RVLM, we hypothesize estrogen enhances NTS function to combat impairment of sympatho-inhibitory reflexes in early stages of metabolic syndrome. (unthsc.edu)
  • Second, an unidentified mechanism impairs transport in obese mice even when BBB transport is assessed by brain perfusion, a method that removes the immediate effects of blood-borne substances. (clubalthea.com)
  • Haverbeke G. "Quantitative Histology of Rat Thyroid. (edu.pk)
  • The total caveolin and flotillin levels were significantly higher in the liver lipid rafts of the obese-piroxicam than that of the other groups. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • Moreover Zucker rats showed increased plasma levels of insulin and a greater body weight when compared to their lean control rats. (unime.it)
  • 2006). PPARg Agonism Prevents the Onset of Type 2 Diabetes in ZDF Rats : A Comparison to PPARaAgonism. (umontreal.ca)
  • Title: The stomach and/or upper duodenum contain sites of action that control meal size and intermeal interval length by exogenous rat gastrin releasing peptide. (genscript.com)
  • Zucker lean counterparts served as control. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • They also develop sympathetically-driven hypertension with diminished baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and heart rate (HR) compared to lean Zucker rats. (unthsc.edu)
  • Results In MCD rats, a serum increase in Cl, Mg and Na and a decrease in Ca2+, Zn were detected in comparison with control rats. (unipv.it)
  • The calculated average meridional (or circumferential) peak systolic wall stress in the LV of the obese rat's heart, however, was significantly reduced compared with control. (edu.au)
  • This study strongly supports the idea that a decreased brainstem GABA content may be responsible for hyperinsulinemia in obese Zucker rats. (unime.it)
  • The Effect of Lean-Seafood and Non-Seafood Diets on Fasting and Postprandial Serum Metabolites and Lipid Species: Results from a Randomized Crossover Intervention Study in Healthy Adults. (uib.no)
  • The Effect of Lean-Seafood and Non-Seafood Diets on Fecal Metabolites and Gut Microbiome: Results From a Randomized Crossover Intervention Study. (uib.no)
  • The handful of subjects in the study fell into three categories: 1) naturally thin people, 2) fat people who had previously demonstrated that they could lose weight by restricting calories, and 3) fat people whom the researchers labeled as the "resistant obese. (fathead-movie.com)
  • The researchers noted that in an earlier study, naturally thin subjects who were restricted to a high-fat diet of 1,000 calories per day showed a sharp rise in blood ketones over the next week, while obese subjects on the same diet showed a much lower rise in ketones. (fathead-movie.com)
  • The animals were fed normal rat chow and water until time of sacrifice. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Oral treatment with FIN (10 mg/kg/day in rat chow) in diabetic animals (D-FIN) was compared to a group of D rats receiving no treatment and a group of non-diabetic untreated MWF rats (C) (n = 7-10 animals per group). (met-vasc.com)
  • Rimonabant reduced basal hypersecretion in islets from obese rats and GL-treated low fat rats without reducing the fold upsurge in GSIS. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Hypoxia increased AMPKα1 activity to a similar extent (more than sixfold) in lean and obese rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The obese and lean end-diastolic PV curves were not different, and therefore the obese and lean LV chamber compliances were similar. (edu.au)
  • An increase in only serum Ca2+ was found in Obese-Zucker rats. (unipv.it)
  • In scientific studies, clen has proven to increase LBM (lean body mass) in animals - such as horses . (muscleandbrawn.com)
  • Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors have been identified in isolated mouse rat and human pancreatic islets with CB1 receptors mainly expressed in non-β-cells and CB2 receptors expressed in both β- and non-β cells (24-27). (bioskinrevive.com)
  • This suggests that the proportion of active NF-κB present in the nuclear fraction is much higher in the lean than in the obese nuclei. (uwaterloo.ca)
  • This diminished ability to develop systolic stress from the same end-diastolic volumes suggests that the hypertrophied LV of the middle-aged obese rat's heart is dilated or that its contractility is depressed, or both. (edu.au)
  • By contrast no difference was observed between obese and lean rats in the GABAergic system of pancreas. (unime.it)
  • NEGR1 was even lower expressed in subcutaneous and mesenterial fat, while MTCH2 was higher expressed in the subcutaneous and mesenterial fat of ZDF rats. (uni-regensburg.de)
  • Gaba content and GAD activity in the brainstem of 11 weeks old obese rats were lower than in age matched lean controls. (unime.it)
  • Progress in this field is underscored by Belviq (lorcaserin) and Qsymia (phentermine/topiramate), the first agents in more than 10 years to achieve regulatory approval for chronic weight management in obese patients. (eddoctor24h.com)
  • Results show that both site-specific upregulation (pharmacological or chemogenetic) and chronic downregulation (RNA interference) of MCH communication to the vHP increases impulsive responding in rats, indicating that perturbing this system in either direction elevates impulsivity. (nature.com)
  • Figure 2: The effect of chronic JD5037 treatment on beta cell survival and function in ZDF rats. (nature.com)
  • Effects of body weight resistance training on glut4 expression in obese and lean Zucker rats. (cdc.gov)
  • Comparison of the systolic PV relationships demonstrated that the obese rat's heart had greater pressure-generating capability, which probably was a reflection of its increased LV mass (0.96 ± 0.03 vs. 0.72 ± 0.02 g). (edu.au)
  • Obese and lean Zucker rats respond similarly to intraperitoneal administration of gastrin-releasing peptides. (genscript.com)
  • Today we explore all things fat and how increasing your brown body fat can help you get lean. (cellhealthnews.com)
  • These are the leaner areas of your body, and putting on this fat will not make you noticeably gain weight. (cellhealthnews.com)