Lead isotope. Medical search. Frequent questions

This will be achieved by collecting specimens of the planktic foraminifera Globigerinoides ruber and analysing the stable oxygen isotope ratios contained within their calcium carbonate tests (shells). (data.gov.uk)
Oxygen isotope ratios provide information about the global ice volume and global climate, and the standard record can be identified world-wide. (data.gov.uk)
These data are sulfur isotope determinations (34S/32S ratios) for sulfur-bearing minerals collected from epithermal veins in the Lowland mining district, Montana, USA and from metasedimentary rocks that host the Black Angel zinc-lead-silver deposit, Greenland. (usgs.gov)
We report a new nondestructive technique using EDTA extraction and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to measure lead isotope ratios among majolica sherds from six 18th century presidios in northern New Spain. (susankeatley.com)
Analysis of stable isotope ratios from mineralised tissue has been widely used for dietary reconstruction. (springer.com)
Boron isotope ratios found in nature can vary by around 100‰ (parts per thousand, or permil) or 10% 3 when expressed as the ratio of the deviation of the sample 11 B/ 10 B against an appropriate certified reference standard. (azomining.com)
Boron isotope ratios were analyzed using a sample depleted in 10 B isotope and a regular sample with natural ratio composition. (azomining.com)
Calibration was established using abundance % (for example, atom %) data of the isotopic composition of the reference standard, while isotope ratios are reported as abundance ratio (for example, atomic ratio). (azomining.com)
We report the origin of isotope fractionation induced by the choice of laser parameters and a method for accurate in situ determination of lithium (δ 7 Li) and boron (δ 11 B) isotope ratios in glasses and minerals using laser ablation multiple Faraday collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MFC-ICPMS). (rsc.org)
Those born in 2000, after the withdrawal of leaded petrol in 1999, have the lowest dentine Pb levels (0.4microgPb/g) with (208)Pb/(206)Pb (mean +/-2sigma: 2.145-2.117) (208)Pb/(206)Pb (mean +/-2sigma: 0.898-0.882) ratios that can be modelled as a binary mix between industrial aerosols and leaded petrol emissions. (who.int)

The relative abundances of the four stable isotopes are approximately 1.5%, 24%, 22%, and 52.5%, combining to give a standard atomic weight (abundance-weighted average of the stable isotopes) of 207.2(1). (wikipedia.org)
Thus, when trace element characteristics and C and Pb stable isotopes ore used in conjunction the sources of elements may be characterised. (bl.uk)
Boron offers two stable isotopes, 10 B and 11 B, the latter of which being four times more common. (azomining.com)

For example, technetium-99m, one of the most common medical isotopes used for imaging studies, has a half-life of 6 hours. (cdc.gov)
While the leak does not pose a risk to workers or the public, it is expected to impact supply and distribution of medical isotopes. (dotmed.com)
One of the few reactors in the world that produces medical isotopes, healthcare providers rely on the HFR to produce raw materials that are used for 30,000 patients each day. (dotmed.com)

This fractionation enables the use of stable nitrogen isotopes (δ 15 N) to infer trophic level, and high δ 15 N recorded in bone collagen usually indicates high-protein diets (Sponheimer et al. (springer.com)
We examined the natural variability of carbon and nitrogen isotopes in the symbiotic sea anemone Anemonia viridis to investigate dietary shifts (autotrophy/heterotrophy) along a natural p CO 2 gradient at the island of Vulcano, Italy. (nature.com)

The least radioactive isotope is 238 U with a half life of 4.5 billion years. (cdc.gov)
In the first incident, a patient was inadvertently injected intravenously with an estimated 100-200 uL of fresh whole blood from an HIV-infected patient after a used syringe containing the blood was mistaken for another syringe containing red blood cells that had been treated (i.e., labeled) with a radioactive isotope (1). (cdc.gov)
the cells had been labeled with a radioactive isotope and were injected in the wrong patient when hospital personnel failed to correctly match the identification number of the recipient with that of the specimen of white blood cells (2,3). (cdc.gov)
A small subset of these procedures involves withdrawing and then reinjecting a patient's blood after certain cells or elements (i.e., red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets) are labeled with a radioactive isotope. (cdc.gov)

Gas-Isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (G-IRMS) allows the precise measurement of mixtures of naturally occurring light stables isotopes. (lu.se)

We found that higher laser repetition rates and larger crater diameters have led to enhanced fractionation of lighter isotopes, as much as −8‰ for both δ 7 Li and δ 11 B. Fractionation was primarily affected by the ICP aerosol loading and secondly by the thermal fractionation at the LA site. (rsc.org)

Compounds of lead are usually found in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common with lighter members of the carbon group . (wikiversity.org)
This study is the first of its kind to analyse carbon, nitrogen and sulphur stable isotope data from skeletons of the eleventh-seventeenth centuries in Portugal. (springer.com)
Richards and Hedges 1999 ), especially when combined with carbon isotope data. (springer.com)
In each of the studied sections, an abrupt negative carbon isotope shift is recorded at the TJB, and a gradual rebound to more positive values characterizes the lowermost Jurassic strata. (lu.se)
In the Transdanubian Range, the initial carbon isotope excursion and at least the first part of the purported main carbon isotope excursion are not preserved due to the gap at the TJB. (lu.se)
The positive δ 13 C excursion and the extinctions have been linked to increased marine productivity (ocean eutrophication), leading to increased organic carbon burial, and expansion of marine anoxia in shallow continental seas. (lu.se)

Yin's laboratory specializes in very accurate measurements of chemical isotopes, which can provide a clock for events in the deep past. (ucdavis.edu)
Because Q-ICP-MS is highly versatile and not solely dedicated to isotope ratio measurements, its isotope ratio capabilities have the potential to make high quality isotopic ratio analysis achievable for laboratories with a range of analysis requirements. (azomining.com)
This article includes instrument setup, calibration, precision, drift and accuracy of isotope ratio measurements. (azomining.com)
Measurements of elemental and isotopic lead were used to trace the source and determine the potential vectors of anthropogenic contaminations over the Holocene. (ifremer.fr)

Abstract: Lead-cooled Fast Reactors (LFRs) offer great potential for future compact nuclear power systems. (nps.edu)

Boron (B) is an element of interest in many scenarios, particularly for its isotope ratio composition in a range of geochemical, nuclear, paleoproxy, medical and archeological applications. (azomining.com)
ICP-MS is a powerful, widely recognized technique for boron isotope analysis. (azomining.com)
Q-ICP-MS has been successfully employed in boron isotope ratio analysis, 8 but collisional damping is not often utilized in the published literature. (azomining.com)
While the article is focused on the practical aspects of boron analysis, the experimental setup is described with sufficient background information and practical detail to also provide a robust foundation for users looking to maximize performance in other isotope ratio applications. (azomining.com)
The 10 B depleted sample was measured alongside the general boron standard, the isotope abundance of which was determined to match that of the certified isotope standard. (azomining.com)
There are two naturally occurring isotopes of boron and the ratio of these two isotopes, 11B to 10B, in the shells of foraminifera reflects the acidity of the ocean surface when they lived, and from this it is possible to estimate atmospheric CO2 at that time. (southampton.ac.uk)

a fourth decay chain, the neptunium series, terminates with the thallium isotope 205Tl. (wikipedia.org)

The Stable Isotope Research Centre (SIRC) was started in 1993 as a joint collaboration between the Maastricht University School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM) and the Academic Hospital Maastricht (azM) . (maastrichtuniversity.nl)

The fixed ratio of lead-204 to the primordial amounts of the other lead isotopes may be used as the baseline to estimate the extra amounts of radiogenic lead present in rocks as a result of decay from uranium and thorium. (wikipedia.org)
See lead-lead dating and uranium-lead dating). (wikipedia.org)
For example, uranium-238 ultimately transforms into a stable atom of lead. (cdc.gov)
The researchers measured uranium and lead isotopes in zircon crystals from the deposits. (ucdavis.edu)
Zircons are formed in volcanic eruptions and can incorporate uranium into their structure, but not lead. (ucdavis.edu)
Therefore any lead in the crystal must have come from decay of uranium, making it possible to measure the age of the zircon with high precision. (ucdavis.edu)
Depleted uranium is an adjusted mixture of natural uranium isotopes that is less radioactive. (cdc.gov)
The half-lives of uranium isotopes (the amount of time needed for half of the isotope to give off its radiation and change into a different element) is very long. (cdc.gov)
Depleted uranium is a mixture of the same three uranium isotopes except that it has very little 234 U and 235 U. It is less radioactive than natural uranium. (cdc.gov)
Enriched uranium is another mixture of isotopes that has more 234 U and 235 U than natural uranium. (cdc.gov)
Uranium is almost as hard as steel and much denser than lead. (cdc.gov)
To explore this idea, we reconstruct the contemporaneous global extent of marine anoxia using uranium (U) isotopes from Ludfordian marine carbonates sampled from two widely spaced paleogeographic locations. (lu.se)
In these conditions another uranium isotope, 236U, may be present together with very small amounts of the transuranic elements plutonium, americium and neptunium and the fission product technetium-99. (who.int)
Owing to its high density, which is about twice that of lead, and other physical properties, depleted uranium is used in munitions designed to penetrate armour plate. (who.int)

Lead adds to our forensic toolbox and gives us a powerful new method for tracking fly ash contamination in the environment," said Avner Vengosh, professor of geochemistry and water quality at Duke's Nicholas School of the Environment. (sciencedaily.com)
www.eoas.ubc.ca) in the Faculty of Science at the University of British Columbia (UBC) seeks a global research leader in isotope geochemistry and geochronology for a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair (CRC). (nature.com)
They will be an established researcher and have received wide recognition for their sustained accomplishments in high-temperature geo/thermochronology or isotope geochemistry. (nature.com)
Isotope geochemistry and geochronology are central to EOAS' strength and to UBC's strong industry partnerships: the EOAS-based Mineral Deposit Research Unit (https://mdru.ubc.ca) is one of the world's strongest academic-industry mineral exploration partnerships, working to drive innovation in mineral exploration, a key sector of the BC and Canadian economy. (nature.com)

PCIGR is one of the most advanced analytical facilities in the world for geochemical research, with state-of-the-art instrumentation for ultra-sensitive and precise analysis of trace elements and isotopes in a wide range of Earth system materials (from mantle plumes and ocean sediments to bivalves and honey). (nature.com)

Based on type, the stable isotope labeled compounds industry is segmented into C-13, N-15, O-18, H-2 (deuterium), and other isotopes. (pressnews.biz)
Neutron crystallography is emerging as a unique and highly promising technique for structural biology because, unlike other techniques, it can probe the locations of protons (or more specifically the heavier isotope deuterium) which are paramount for understanding biochemical processes, e.g. the hydrogen-bond pattern, the charge and tautomeric states, as well as the interactions with the surrounding solvent. (lu.se)

Lead-206 has been proposed for use in fast breeder nuclear fission reactor coolant over the use of natural lead mixture (which also includes other stable lead isotopes) as a mechanism to improve neutron economy and greatly suppress unwanted production of highly radioactive byproducts. (wikipedia.org)
The best way to protect against neutron radiation is by providing shielding with thick, heavy materials such as lead, concrete, rock, or dirt. (cdc.gov)
In addition, an in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic study of the neutron-deﬁcient isotope 244Cf was made using the fusion-evaporation reaction 198Pt(48Ca,2n)244Cf. (jyu.fi)
This thesis reports on the production of the very neutron-deficient isotopes 178,179Pb and 179Tl, using heavy-ion fusion-evaporation reactions. (jyu.fi)
The electron-capture decay followed by a prompt fission process was searched for in the hitherto unknown most neutron-deficient Md isotope with mass number 244. (jyu.fi)
This improvement is due to the improved neutron reflection and lower neutron absorption cross-sections of the radiogenic isotopes. (nps.edu)
ENMs were neutron activated, forming gamma emitting isotopes 141Ce and 65Zn, respectively. (cdc.gov)
The purpose is to make neutron macromolecular crystallography at ESS world leading and available to the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industry in Sweden. (lu.se)
It is this latter aspect that is addressed in this proposal for the NMX (neutron macromolecular crystallography) instrument at ESS, which, combined with the high flux at ESS, will make NMX a truly world leading instrument attractive for industrial and academic research. (lu.se)

Our pilot study confirms that laser ablation Pb isotope analysis of deciduous teeth, when carried out in conjunction with histological analysis, permits a reconstruction of the timing, duration and source of exposure to Pb during early childhood. (who.int)

The company's isotope separation facility located in Ohio (US) is the world's largest C-13 and O-18 isotope separation facility and has the only commercial heavy enrichment columns in the world. (pressnews.biz)

Scientists have developed a forensic tracer that uses lead isotopes to detect and measure coal fly ash in dust, soil and sediments. (sciencedaily.com)
Researchers at Duke University and the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill have developed a new forensic tracer that uses lead isotopes to detect coal fly ash in dust and other solids, including soil and sediments. (sciencedaily.com)
As a proof-of-concept experiment, the researchers used the new lead isotope tracer to analyze sediments from Sutton Lake in eastern North Carolina. (sciencedaily.com)
The tests showed the Sutton Lake sediments had a lead isotopic fingerprint similar to that of fly ash from Appalachian Basin coal and quite different from those of sediments in unaffected Lake Waccamaw," said Zhen Wang, a doctoral student in Vengosh's lab who was lead author on the study. (sciencedaily.com)

The Lead Isotope Data Bank (LIDB) was initiated to facilitate plotting data. (usgs.gov)
Therefore, the Bank reflects data most often used in plotting rather than comprises a comprehensive tabulation of lead isotope data. (usgs.gov)
Click any isotope in diagram to see its data. (periodictable.com)
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The measured electron-capture delayed ﬁssion (ECDF) branches in both of the new isotopes complement the experimental data available in the heavier odd-odd Es and Bk isotopes. (jyu.fi)
Stable isotope data for replacement and hydrothermal dolomites are tightly clustered and overlapping, with δ 18 O and δ 13 C values from 20.5 to 21.2 and 0.2 to 0.7‰, respectively. (usgs.gov)
Here we present new carbonate sedimentological, stable isotope and cyclostratigraphic data from sections in the Transdanubian Range (Hungary) which capture. (lu.se)
Here we present new carbonate sedimentological, stable isotope and cyclostratigraphic data from sections in the Transdanubian Range (Hungary) which capture the termination of uppermost Triassic Dachstein Limestone and the onset of Hettangian (Early Jurassic) sedimentation following a hiatus. (lu.se)
By integrating the isotope data with histological analysis of the teeth, using the daily incremental lines in dentine, we were able to assign true estimated ages to each ablation point (first 2-3 years for molars, first 1-2 years for incisors+pre-natal growth). (who.int)
Stable isotope techniques (non-radioactive) generate accurate data that provide evidence for improving nutrition interventions and programmes. (who.int)

Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (CIL) held the leading position in the stable isotope labeled compounds market in 2018. (pressnews.biz)
With the acquisition of Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (US), Merck KGaA secured the second position in the global stable isotope labeled compounds market in 2018. (pressnews.biz)

Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and concludes three major decay chains of heavier elements. (wikiversity.org)

This work follows the penetration of anthropogenic lead (traced using its isotopic signatures) into the pristine deep Pacific Ocean. (geotraces.org)

Even though those shifts are coeval with atmospheric lead contaminations from Spain and Germany recorded in several sediment and ice archives, the local origin (the Cévennes) and the fluvial contamination is more likely in these cases. (ifremer.fr)

208Pb is also a doubly magic isotope, as it has 82 protons and 126 neutrons. (wikipedia.org)

We will analyse the upper 7 m of Hole U1396C, at low resolution, for stable oxygen isotopes of the benthic foraminifera Cibicidoides spp. (data.gov.uk)

It is the first study to provide a systematic analysis of lead isotopes in coal fly ash from all three major U.S. coal-producing basins. (sciencedaily.com)
While this material can be submitted for isotopic analysis, we do not provide any chronology services through our lead analysis. (isobarscience.com)

Therefore, the isotope shifts would provide a useful auxiliary index for identifying Lys residues with deprotonated ζ -amino groups at physiological pH levels. (copernicus.org)
Sudden changes in the 206Pb/207Pb ratio observed during the Roman and Medieval periods suggest clear shifts in lead source from a natural Holocene background to late Holocene anthropogenic contaminations. (ifremer.fr)

The natural variation of lead isotopic content is geochemically investigated to determine if there are favorable naturally occurring lead sources. (nps.edu)

Additionally, the human samples have higher stable isotope differences, in comparison with faunal samples, than would be expected within the food web, particularly for δ 13 C. This human bone collagen δ 13 C enrichment may reflect a diet rich in aquatic protein intake, which is also supported by δ 34 S archived in human and faunal samples, and the presence of oysters and cockles shells at the excavation. (springer.com)

The aim of the SIRC is to provide analytical facilities and expertise that enables researchers of the two institutions to incorporate stable isotope techniques in nutritional, physiological and clinical studies. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)

The results of the investigation are then used in Monte-Carlo simulations with the MCNP5 code to determine the potential benefits of using such a lead composition to the design of a simplified SSTAR-type reactor. (nps.edu)
For purely practical purposes, the earlier presented value is reserved for situations where isotope composition is unknown. (azomining.com)
Significant differences were observed in the isotope composition and concentration of Pb between children, reflecting differences in the timing and sources of exposure during early childhood. (who.int)
Short duration, high intensity exposure events (1-2 months) were readily identified, together with evidence that dentine provides a good proxy for childhood changes in the isotope composition of blood Pb. (who.int)

Such reactors could be improved by using lead that is enriched in radiogenic lead (e.g., 208Pb) in contrast to the average natural isotopic concentration. (nps.edu)
In patients multiple myeloma, the globulin concentration is often increased, leading to excessive binding of calcium to the monoclonal paraprotein and occasional elevation of the total serum calcium concentration, yet the ionized calcium level may be normal in these individuals. (medscape.com)

Lead-204 is entirely a primordial nuclide and is not a radiogenic nuclide. (wikipedia.org)

The next 40 years was a period of expanding research on the nature and behavior of atoms, leading to the development of nuclear fission and fusion as energy sources. (usgs.gov)

According to the new market research report Stable Isotope Labeled Compounds Market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 3.0% during the forecast period to reach USD 312 million by 2024 from USD 269 million in 2019. (pressnews.biz)
However, the high cost of stable isotope-labeled compounds is expected to restrain the growth of this market during the forecast period. (pressnews.biz)
Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (CIL) (US), Merck KGaA (Germany), and URENCO (UK) are the key players operating in the stable isotope labeled compounds market. (pressnews.biz)
Sigma-Aldrich was one of the leading developers, manufacturers, and distributors of stable isotope-labeled compounds. (pressnews.biz)
Acquisitions, collaborations, expansions, a broad product portfolio, and the presence of a strong distribution and sales network across the globe have enabled this company to secure a leading position in the stable isotope labeled compounds market. (pressnews.biz)
The H-2 labeled compounds segment accounted for the largest share of the stable isotope-labeled compounds market in 2019. (pressnews.biz)
Based on application, the stable isotope labeled compounds market is segmented into research, clinical diagnostics, industrial applications, and other applications. (pressnews.biz)
North America is expected to dominate the stable isotope labeled compounds market. (pressnews.biz)

The three series terminating in lead represent the decay chain products of long-lived primordial 238U, 235U, and 232Th, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Many valuable and rare isotopes have been identified since then (such as 10 Be, 32 Si, 44 Ti, 53 Mn, 60 Fe, 172 Hf, 207 Bi) and a project was started to extract long-lived rare isotopes from different matrix materials [1]. (psi.ch)

Tests show the new tracer can distinguish between the isotopic signature of lead derived from coal ash and lead that comes from other major human or natural sources. (sciencedaily.com)

Strong climatic variability at this time suggests anoxia and climate change led to the extinctions of the Lau/Kozlowskii bioevent. (lu.se)

The CIL group comprises five companies-Cambridge Isotope Laboratories, Inc. (CIL) (US), CIL Isotope Separations, LLC (CIS) (US), CIL Canada (Canada), Euriso-Top (France), and ABX GmbH (Germany). (pressnews.biz)

Two experiments aiming to study the shape coexistence and competing structures in 193Bi and 195Bi isotopes have been performed at the Accelerator laboratory of the University of Jyv askyl a, Finland (JYFL). (jyu.fi)

Such processes may lead to subsequent effects on particle clearance, toxic effects or both. (cdc.gov)

Lead is the element with the heaviest stable isotope, 208Pb. (wikipedia.org)
however, a natural lead source that is high in 208Pb and low in 204Pb could be used to improve the design of the reactor. (nps.edu)

Many clean-up workers and local residents who were exposed to fly ash dust containing high levels of lead, arsenic and other contaminants following the massive TVA coal ash spill in eastern Tennessee in 2008 have experienced debilitating health effects," Vengosh said. (sciencedaily.com)
Maplesoft™, a subsidiary of Cybernet Systems Co. Ltd. in Japan, is the leading provider of high-performance software tools for engineering, science, and mathematics. (maplesoft.com)
A water leak in the high flux reactor (HFR) at Petten in the Netherlands has led to an "unplanned" outage that is expected to impact the near-term supply of isotopes used in several medical imaging exams worldwide. (dotmed.com)

However, each of them also occurs, to some extent, as primordial isotopes that were made in supernovae, rather than radiogenically as daughter products. (wikipedia.org)

This isotope is stable and thus has no decay products, so instead we show decay chains that lead down to it. (periodictable.com)

This research has broad relevance for research on lead-glazed wares, and raises specific questions regarding the production and distribution of majolica in 18th century New Spain. (susankeatley.com)
With the support of the German Academy of Sciences, this German physicist carried out numerous experiments on electric discharges in a vacuum that led to the discovery of canal rays, which he first reported to the Berlin Academy in 1886 and continued his research on the same subject until about 1915. (rinconeducativo.org)

It takes a few inches of lead or other dense substance to block gamma rays. (cdc.gov)

It should be emphasized that these patients frequently have bone lesions, which leads to release of calcium from the damaged bone tissue. (medscape.com)

Recent advances in metabolomics have extended the capability of isotope-assisted studies to reveal global metabolism. (mdpi.com)

Are you sure you want to report Isotopes for inappropriate content? (yahoo.com)
The two errors in administration known to have led to HIV infection in patients described in this report involved these procedures. (cdc.gov)

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care2

Ratios10

Stable isotopes3

Medical isotopes3

Nitrogen isotopes2

Radioactive isotope4

Mass Spectrometry1

Fractionation1

Carbon6

Measurements4

Abstract1

Boron6

Thallium1

Centre1

Uranium14

Geochemistry4

Trace elements1

Deuterium2

Neutron9

Laser ablation1

Separation1

Sediments4

Data10

20182

Heavier1

Anthropogenic lead1

Contamination1

Protons1

Foraminifera1

Analysis2

Shifts2

Naturally1

Shells1

Researchers1

Composition4

Concentration2

Nuclide1

Nuclear1

Compounds8

Long-lived2

Distinguish1

Variability1

Comprises1

Laboratory1

Processes1

208Pb2

High3

Extent1

Decay chains1

Research2

Gamma1

Bone1

Studies1

Report2