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EndodermMesodermGastrulaGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalEmbryonic InductionEctodermBody PatterningEmbryo, NonmammalianSOXF Transcription FactorsIn Situ HybridizationXenopus ProteinsSomitesGerm LayersFetal ProteinsMorphogenesisNodal ProteinHomeodomain ProteinsT-Box Domain ProteinsZebrafish ProteinsCell DifferentiationChick EmbryoGastrulationActivinsZebrafishVisceraTranscription FactorsBone Morphogenetic ProteinsXenopusCell LineageBone Morphogenetic Protein 4Embryonic Stem CellsGATA5 Transcription FactorDigestive SystemCoturnixEmbryo, MammalianEmbryonic and Fetal DevelopmentGenes, HomeoboxFibroblast Growth FactorsSignal TransductionQuailGATA6 Transcription FactorHepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3-betaEmbryonic DevelopmentXenopus laevisYolk SacSOX Transcription FactorsGoosecoid ProteinPrimitive StreakWnt ProteinsBranchial RegionMolecular Sequence DataGATA Transcription FactorsDNA-Binding ProteinsGATA4 Transcription FactorHeadHMGB ProteinsBlastocystNervous SystemBlastulaTrans-ActivatorsFibroblast Growth Factor 8Neural CrestChimeraLeft-Right Determination FactorsDrosophilaHigh Mobility Group ProteinsTissue TransplantationBase SequenceNodal Signaling LigandsDrosophila ProteinsStem CellsTransforming Growth Factor betaBlastodermAmino Acid SequenceTailRNA, MessengerHeartInhibinsTretinoinOtx Transcription FactorsModels, BiologicalTwist Transcription FactorFibroblast Growth Factor 4Hedgehog ProteinsCell MovementProteinsBasic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription FactorsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedAvian ProteinsExtremitiesEmbryoid BodiesOrganogenesisImmunohistochemistryWnt3 ProteinTeratomaMutationVertebratesBlastomeresCulture TechniquesLimb Buds

EctodermEmbryoGerm layerEmbryonic germ layersGerminal layersTissueOrgansDistinctMusclesGastrulationCranialEmbryosTissuesDifferentiationPancreasTumorsDigestiveDifferentiateSomitesYolkPrimitive streakMesodermalNeural tubeGenesEpitheliumLungsDevelopmentMiddle layerDevelopsCells derivedInvolvesCirculatory systemVascularEpiblastSegmentsAnteriorSkinContinuousEctodermalRisePrimaryZygoteLines

Ectoderm29

• Embryos have three layers: endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm. (wikipedia.org)
• Flatworms are hermaphroditic and are the lowest invertebrates to possess three embryonic layers of endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. (getty.edu)
• The gut is made of endoderm, the skin and muscles of ectoderm. (daviddarling.info)
• Flatworms have bodies made of three layers, an outer ectoderm, an inner endoderm, and in between the mesoderm . (daviddarling.info)
• So, ectoderm (outer layer), mesoderm (middle layer) and endoderm (deep layer). (pediatric-orthopedics.com)
• The mesenchyme is the middle layer of the three main germ layers of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. (naturalpedia.com)
• That's the division of new cells into three cell layers -- endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm -- that are essential to give rise to all organs and tissues in the body. (newswise.com)
• During mammalian development, embryonic stem cells undergo cell-fate decisions to commit to one of three germ layer lineages: ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. (harvard.edu)
• First, they extended the analysis of gene activity in umbilical cord stem cells previously examined by their University of Connecticut co-authors, determining that tobacco smoke increased the activity of genes that delay the development of mesoderm - the layer of tissue that gives rise to blood, musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems - as well endoderm and ectoderm, the two other layers of embryonic cells that give rise to the tissues of the body. (ucsf.edu)
• The defining characteristics of pluripotent stem cells, which include embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, are straightforward: their ability to self-renew and differentiate into ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm germ layers. (genengnews.com)
• Definition: gastrulation is the process that establishes all three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm) in the embryo. (swirlzcupcakes.com)
• The scientists confirmed the importance of E-cadherin by rebuilding the system in the lab: they cultured a layer of ectoderm cells in a dish and moved it in one direction, while pushing a bead coated with E-cadherin in the opposite direction. (ist.ac.at)
• endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm, from which all somatic tissues in an organism can be traced. (edu.au)
• The ICM continues to differentiate into three germ layers-ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm, each of which follows a specific developmental destiny that takes them along an ever-specifying path at which end the daughter cells will make up the different organs of the human body. (thefutureofthings.com)
• The entoderm, which has the appearance of being thickened because of the fact that the notochord has not yet completely separated from it, is continuous, through the blastopore, with the ectoderm. (gutenberg.org)
• Posterior to the blastopore 2 the primitive streak, ps , is seen as a collection of scattered cells between the ectoderm and the entoderm, apparently formed by proliferation from the ventral side of the ectoderm. (gutenberg.org)
• Germ cells migrate during the critical process of gastrulation, when the three primary germ layers-ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm-are form and the primary body axes are established. (usc.edu)
• Neural crest cells have been thought to originate in the ectoderm, one of the three germ layers formed in the earliest stages of embryonic development, but their capacity to form derivatives, such as bone- and tooth-forming cells, are in conflict with fundamental concepts in developmental and stem cell biology. (phys.org)
• These layers are the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm. (toppr.com)
• Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they are able to grow (i.e. differentiate) into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. (theos.in)
• What does the ectoderm layer give rise to? (sheppard-arts.com)
• The ectoderm, on the other hand, eventually forms certain "outer linings" of the body, including the epidermis (outermost skin layer) and hair. (sheppard-arts.com)
• The gastrointestinal (GI) system involves three germinal layers: mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm. (sheppard-arts.com)
• Which organ develops from the ectoderm germ layer? (sheppard-arts.com)
• Ectoderm, the germ layer covering the surface of the embryo, gives rise to the outer covering of the animal and, in some phyla, to the central nervous system. (sheppard-arts.com)
• During gestational development, our tissues and organs are formed from one of the three embryonic layers called the ectoderm , the mesoderm , and the endoderm . (ivo.es)
• In response to ligation of monomorphic regions of MHC class II antigens with monoclonal antibody CR3/43, human leukocytes retrodifferentiate into a variety of heterogeneous stem cell types belonging to the mesoderm, ectoderm or endoderm lineage, depending on culture media and conditions. (eurekaselect.com)
• The vertebrate body comprises four distinct cell populations: cells derived from (1) ectoderm, (2) mesoderm, (3) endoderm, and (4) neural crest cells, often referred to as the fourth germ layer. (bvsalud.org)
• Around day 10, 3 germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) are usually distinct in the embryo. (msdmanuals.com)

Embryo13

• The embryo now has three layers. (healthline.com)
• Soon after conception, the embryo differentiates into three layers of cells. (whattoexpect.com)
• The two-layered embryo describes the inner cell mass separating to form an initial two-layered structure. (proprofs.com)
• On closer inspection, Hemmati-Brivanlou realized that the lack of activin had stopped the development of the mesoderm, a layer of tissue in an embryo that eventually develops into muscle, bone, and connective tissue. (discovermagazine.com)
• Gastrulation is defined as an early developmental process in which an embryo transforms from a one-dimensional layer of epithelial cells (blastula) and reorganizes into a multilayered and multidimensional structure called the gastrula. (swirlzcupcakes.com)
• When the neural anlage develops, the germ layers of the ball-shaped embryo move in opposite directions. (ist.ac.at)
• The mesoderm and endoderm - also referred to collectively as mesendoderm - move to one pole of the embryo, the so-called animal pole, while the overlying neurectoderm slides against them to move to the opposite pole, the vegetal pole. (ist.ac.at)
• The early mammalian embryo consists of the extra-embryonic cell layers-the trophoblast and a body of cells called the inner cell mass (ICM), which eventually become the embryo proper. (thefutureofthings.com)
• At the early stages of development, the embryo acquires a disc which consists of three layers. (toppr.com)
• A-H ) Time lapse analysis of a live chick embryo expressing GFP under the control of Nkx2-5- en analyzed at different time points. (elifesciences.org)
• In the cranial one-fourth of the embryo, the ectodermal layer forms a gentle arch from side to side. (ehd.org)
• The two-layered cloacal membrane is caudal to the groove in the angle where the embryo joins the connecting stalk. (ehd.org)
• In the cranial half of the embryo, the midline endoderm joins with the ventral side of the notochordal process. (ehd.org)

Germ layer10

• Using a novel iterative framework developed in a companion manuscript, we have analyzed single-cell RNA-seq data obtained from mouse embryonic stem cells taken at various time points during early germ layer differentiation to identify cell types as well as the lineage relationships between these individual cell types. (harvard.edu)
• This allowed us to essentially map out a lineage tree in gene expression space that describes the continuous gene expression dynamics of early germ layer differentiation. (harvard.edu)
• Our findings reveal that cell types found during early in vitro germ layer differentiation are discrete both transcriptionally as well as functionally. (harvard.edu)
• gastrulation is the period of early embryonic develop- ment in which the third germ layer, or mesoderm, arises as a distinct tissue. (swirlzcupcakes.com)
• These islet1 -expressing cells surprisingly originate not from the mesoderm, the germ layer classically defined to give rise to ECs, but from the endoderm. (go.jp)
• The hPSC Scorecard analysis software not only verifies the appropriate expression of the self-renewal factors, but also detects expression of germ layer-specific genes. (thermofisher.com)
• After the fertilization in humans, the major events which will take place include early embryonic development, establishing multicellularity, the formation of the blastula, and formation of embryonic germ layer. (toppr.com)
• Cells in each germ layer differentiate into tissues and embryonic organs. (sheppard-arts.com)
• What does the endodermal germ layer gives rise to? (sheppard-arts.com)
• What germ layer gives rise to pancreas? (sheppard-arts.com)

Embryonic germ layers1

• In contrast, CD135(+)GFP(+) hESCs gave rise to tissues representing all three embryonic germ layers, and were virtually indistinguishable from CD135(-)-derived tissues. (ca.gov)

Germinal layers1

• Gastrulation and the formation of the germinal layers in the birds is a very complicated process that proceeds in several steps. (swirlzcupcakes.com)

Tissue7

• Remember the red tissue that invaded the middle of the disk and created the middle layer, called mesoderm? (pediatric-orthopedics.com)
• The mesoderm gives rise to the muscle cells and connective tissue in the body. (sheppard-arts.com)
• Endoderm forms the epithelium-a type of tissue in which the cells are tightly linked together to form sheets-that lines the primitive gut. (sheppard-arts.com)
• Mesoderm gives rise to the connective tissue, including the wall of the gut tube and the smooth muscle. (sheppard-arts.com)
• The mesoderm specifies the development of several cell types such as bone, muscle, and connective tissue. (sheppard-arts.com)
• What we call soft tissue sarcoma is a disease in which malignant cells develop from any of the cells derived from the mesoderm , with the exception of bone (in this case, this would not refer to soft tissue sarcomas, but rather osteosarcomas). (ivo.es)
• The robustness and efficacy of the retrodifferentiation process in generating unprecedented quantities of stem cells belonging to the three germ layers will enable organ and tissue reconstruction ex vivo, using bio-printing and various scaffold materials. (eurekaselect.com)

Organs5

• The layer on the inside (endoderm) will eventually become their internal organs. (huggies.com)
• The mesoderm, or middle layer, will develop into your baby's bones - as well as his heart muscles, kidneys and sex organs. (whattoexpect.com)
• The belly side layer becomes the digestive tract from mouth to anus, with all the organs that empty into that tract (liver, pancreas etc). (pediatric-orthopedics.com)
• The endoderm gives rise to the gut and many internal organs. (sheppard-arts.com)
• Cells in the endoderm layer become the linings of the digestive and respiratory system, and form organs such as the liver and pancreas. (sheppard-arts.com)

Distinct2

• Three distinct layers of cells start to form. (huggies.com)
• A sagittal section of this stage is shown in figure 2 A . The foregut is here more inclosed, and the notochord, nt , having separated from the entoderm, en , is seen as a distinct layer of cells extending from the foregut to the blastopore. (gutenberg.org)

Muscles2

• The mesoderm will form their bones, muscles, and reproductive system. (healthline.com)
• The middle layer (mesoderm) will become their skeleton, muscles and kidneys, tissues and vascular (blood) system. (huggies.com)

Gastrulation3

• Gastrulation is a fundamental process in early development that results in the formation of three primary germ layers. (swirlzcupcakes.com)
• How are mesoderm cells formed in the gastrulation system? (swirlzcupcakes.com)
• During gastrulation, the cells get specified new positions and the multi-layered body plan of the organism is specified. (toppr.com)

Cranial1

• Small, isolated spaces are forming in the cranial mesoderm at the edge of the disc. (ehd.org)

Embryos3

• In 1865 Metchnikoff went to Naples, where he began a systematic study of the development of germ layers in invertebrate embryos, a subject less well understood at the time than the similar development in vertebrate embryos. (encyclopedia.com)
• For their work on the development of germ layers in invertebrate embryos, they shared the prestigious Karl Ernst von Baer prize, presented by the discoverer of the human ovum. (encyclopedia.com)
• F-J ) Cross sections through different stages of embryonic development corresponding to the embryos shown in A-D. The mouse Isl1- en (green, GFP) and control pCAAG-RFP (red). (elifesciences.org)

Tissues3

• Tissues representing endoderm (alpha-fetoprotein(+)) and mesoderm (smooth muscle actin(+)) were not seen among GFP(+) tissues. (ca.gov)
• One process after the other will lead to the establishment of several germ layers, which will help the tissues to form and interact with each other. (toppr.com)
• Which layers give rise to all the bodies mature tissues? (sheppard-arts.com)

Differentiation3

• Newly formed mesoderm produced FGF8 (secreted factor), which inhibits differentiation (somite formation). (swirlzcupcakes.com)
• The team visualized endothelial differentiation step-by-step from the endoderm to the HSPC niche-constituting ECs via islet1+ endothelial progenitors by live imaging-based lineage tracing. (go.jp)
• Garcia-Castro noted the study also establishes a novel in vitro specification test to determine the differentiation capacity of specified neural crest cells into other germ layers such as mesoderm and endoderm cell types . (phys.org)

Pancreas1

• Endoderm is the source of the epithelial lining of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, gallbladder, pancreas. (sheppard-arts.com)

Tumors1

• The greater omentum, where most omental tumors are located, is composed of a double layer of peritoneum extending from the greater curvature of the stomach toward the pelvis anterior to the small intestine before folding over itself and the transverse colon. (medscape.com)

Digestive1

• The inner layer (called the endoderm) becomes your baby's digestive system, liver and lungs. (whattoexpect.com)

Differentiate2

• The most widely accepted method for determining whether a population of cells is truly pluripotent is the teratoma assay, that is, verifying in vivo a cell population's ability to differentiate into each of the three germ layers via teratoma formation in mice. (genengnews.com)
• C) We have identified that islet1 + endothelial progenitors originate from endoderm and finally differentiate into posterior venous ECs in a process dependent on Bmp-Smad signaling, requiring Npas4l-Etsrp function. (go.jp)

Somites1

• As the skin swells up to cover the newly formed " neural tube ", like a wave rising to break over a pier, it carries the deeper middle layer (mesoderm) which is tiled in somites. (pediatric-orthopedics.com)

Yolk2

• Ventrally the canal communicates with the yolk sac cavity through a gap in the endoderm. (ehd.org)
• The yolk sac is a bilayer structure of mesoderm- and endoderm-derived cell layers. (northwestern.edu)

Primitive streak2

• Regression of the primitive streak Primitive streak (formation is driven by…) Mesoderm cells were formed through ingression (epithelial to mesenchymal transition). (swirlzcupcakes.com)
• The mesodermal layer spreads laterally from the primitive streak and cranially on each side of the notochordal process. (ehd.org)

Mesodermal1

• The surface of the endodermal layer contains gentle elevations and depressions having cellular connections with the mesodermal layer. (ehd.org)

Neural tube1

• The neural anlage, the precursor of the neural tube, develops from one of three germ layers, the neurectoderm. (ist.ac.at)

Genes2

• They also showed that the toxins increased activity of genes that delay the development of the three germ layers. (ucsf.edu)
• These genes are representative marker genes for neuroectoderm (Sox1), mesoderm (T), and endoderm (Sox17). (bvsalud.org)

Epithelium2

• After the completion of cleavage and the subdivision of the blastoderm into an area pellucida and area opaca, a second thin layer of cells appears beneath the original epithelium of the area pellucida. (swirlzcupcakes.com)
• Other types of epithelium are derived from the endoderm. (sheppard-arts.com)

Lungs2

• and the inner layer of cells (endoderm) where the child's lungs and intestines will develop. (secularprolife.org)
• The lungs are derived from the endoderm. (sheppard-arts.com)

Development2

• Metchnikoff devoted many years to studying the comparative development of the embryonic layers of lower animals. (encyclopedia.com)
• Basal filopodia and vascular mechanical stress organize fibronectin into pillars bridging the mesoderm-endoderm gap Development. (usc.edu)

Middle layer1

• Nor does the middle layer divide to form an internal cavity - the coelom (annelid worms and all higher animals, including mammals, have coeloms). (daviddarling.info)

Develops3

• A thickened area of midline endoderm known as the prochordal plate develops immediately in front of the notochordal process. (ehd.org)
• Within 1 or 2 days of implantation, a layer of cells (trophoblast cells) develops around the blastocyst. (msdmanuals.com)
• Around day 16, the cephalad portion of the mesoderm thickens, forming a central channel that develops into the heart and great vessels. (msdmanuals.com)

Cells derived1

• We demonstrate that the salivary and lacrimal glands contain cells derived from all three germ layers. (bvsalud.org)

Involves1

• The specification test involves exposing the potentially specified cells to precise level of signals that stimulate the formation of other germ layers such as mesoderm and endoderm from pluripotent embryonic stem cells. (phys.org)

Circulatory system1

• ECs constitute the circulatory system by lining the most inner layer of lumenized vessels. (go.jp)

Vascular1

• The present results clearly demonstrate that ECs originating from the endoderm via islet1 + endothelial progenitors play a specialized role in forming a functional vascular HSPC niche (Figure 1C). (go.jp)

Epiblast1

• The epiblast layer. (proprofs.com)

Segments2

• The mesoderm organizes itself into transverse parallel segments. (pediatric-orthopedics.com)
• Those lumpy mesoderm segments are called somite s. (pediatric-orthopedics.com)

Anterior2

• The anterior double-layered fold of the greater omentum descends from the stomach and the first part of the duodenum in front of the small intestine and ascends behind itself as far as the transverse colon. (medscape.com)
• A sagittal section of approximately this stage, shown in figure 1 A , represents the foregut, fg , as a shallow enclosure of the anterior region of the entoderm, while the wide blastopore, blp , connects the region of the hindgut with the exterior. (gutenberg.org)

Skin1

• The rest of this layer, to the sides, becomes skin. (pediatric-orthopedics.com)

Continuous1

• At the edge of the disc, embryonic mesoderm is continuous with extraembryonic mesoblasts. (ehd.org)

Ectodermal1

• Thus structures like epidermis, brain and retinal layer of eye are ectodermal in origin. (sheppard-arts.com)

Rise2

• In contrast, selection against CD133 gave rise almost exclusively to mesoderm and endoderm. (ca.gov)
• Which germ layers give rise to what? (sheppard-arts.com)

Primary1

• Primary germ layers. (sheppard-arts.com)

Zygote1

• By the time of implantation, the zygote has become a layer of cells around a cavity, called a blastocyst. (msdmanuals.com)

Lines1

• Caudal to the cloacal membrane, the endoderm lines a blind, tubular duct called the allantois. (ehd.org)