Lateral reflexes in response. Medical search. Frequent questions

Objective To estimate the frequency of SOD1 mutations in a large referral cohort of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS) patients from The Netherlands and to compare this frequency with that of other developed countries. (bmj.com)
This observation suggests that the genetic background of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis differs between different populations, countries and regions. (bmj.com)
This may have consequences for the interpretation of association studies and explain why replication of association studies has proven difficult in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (bmj.com)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an adult-onset, fatal neurodegenerative syndrome characterised mainly by the progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons and their axons resulting in wasting, paresis and death from respiratory failure within a few years on average. (bmj.com)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig disease) is the most common form of motor neuron disease. (msdmanuals.com)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis or ALS is also referred to as Lou Gehrig's disease . (targetwoman.com)
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects nerve cells controlling voluntary muscles. (targetwoman.com)
Patients suffering from Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis notice problems in dexterity and gait. (targetwoman.com)
Symptoms of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis are often mistaken for other neurological diseases. (targetwoman.com)
Riluzole is the only FDA approved medication for controlling Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (targetwoman.com)
Due to its association with Parkinsons-like symptoms and also partly with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), it has been categorized as Multiple System Atrophy to specify the symptoms. (targetwoman.com)
A normal jaw jerk reflex, as seen with a cervical spondylotic myelopathy, distinguishes the clinical presentations from multiple sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis which have a hyperactive reflex. (standardofcare.com)

There are three small nuclei on each of the lateral lemnisci: the intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (INLL) the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) the dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (DNLL) Fibers leaving these brainstem nuclei ascending to the inferior colliculus rejoin the lateral lemniscus. (wikipedia.org)
1. Using two magnetic stimulators, we investigated the effect of a conditioning magnetic stimulus over the motor cortex of one hemisphere on the size of EMG responses evoked in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle by a magnetic test stimulus given over the opposite hemisphere. (nih.gov)
Patients can have an extremely difficult time reaching many areas of the tongue, including the dorsal and lateral portions. (rdhmag.com)
1988 ) Binocular interactions in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of monocularly paralyzed cats: extraretinal and retinal influences. (neurotree.org)
Garraghty PE, Salinger WL, Macavoy MG. ( 1985 ) The development of cell size in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of monocularly paralyzed cats. (neurotree.org)
The lateral and ventral portions of the penile shaft were innervated by branches arcading from the dorsal midline radiating toward the ventral surface. (cirp.org)

1997 ) Cell size in the lateral geniculate nucleus of cats reared with esotropia and sagittal transection of the optic chiasm. (neurotree.org)
1990 ) Rearing cats with eyelid suture has both early and late effects on cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus. (neurotree.org)
1989 ) 6-Hydroxydopamine treatment blocks the effects of chronic monocular paralysis in the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus. (neurotree.org)
Schroeder CE, Salinger WL, Guido W. ( 1988 ) The influence of anesthesia upon binocular processes controlling the recordability of X- and Y-cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. (neurotree.org)
1982 ) The shift in X/Y ratio after chronic monocular paralysis: a binocularly mediated, barbiturate-sensitive effect in the adult lateral geniculate nucleus. (neurotree.org)
Input from the retina to the lateral geniculate body does what? (freezingblue.com)

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our study reports that the eating and the reward induced by optogenetic stimulation of a previously identified GABAergic projection from the lateral hypothalamus to the ventral tegmental area are differentially affected by low- and high-frequency stimulation, respectively. (jneurosci.org)
However, electrical stimulation studies indicate that stimulation in the ventral tegmental area and in the lateral hypothalamus can induce both feeding and reward. (jneurosci.org)
1. Decrement of the lateral giant fibre escape response was studied in intact, restrained, crayfish and in those with the ventral nerve cord transected at the thoracic-abdominal level. (stanford.edu)
Conclusions The lateral arcading branches of the DNP provide a sensory pathway on the ventral and lateral penile shaft, and the termination of the fibres at the corpus spongiosum is consistent with pudendal innervation of the penile urethra. (cirp.org)

This description of bilateral, vestibular dysfunction highlights the role of the vestibuloocular reflex in the stabilization of objects on the retina during brief head movements. (medscape.com)
Compensatory neck movements mediate the vestibulocollic reflex while head movements mediate the vestibuloocular reflex. (medscape.com)
Thus, the main purpose of the vestibuloocular reflex is to maintain objects on the fovea, which thereby allows a person to visualize objects clearly during brief head movements. (medscape.com)
Head movements, rotational and translational, stimulate the vestibuloocular reflex. (medscape.com)
Some head movements may involve a combination of both translational vestibuloocular reflex and rotational vestibuloocular reflex. (medscape.com)
Processing in the midline regions targets movements of the axial musculature, whereas the lateral regions target movements of the appendicular musculature. (foobrdigital.com)
It is one of the muscles that controls the opening and closing paths of the condyles and articular disc complex as well as the protruding/ lateral movements of the mandible. (occlusionconnections.com)
The lateral pterygoid is prone to muscular pain and tenderness, resulting in compromised mandibular movements with restrictions when strained and placed in a compromised position. (occlusionconnections.com)
The inferior head of the lateral pterygoid allows for opening of the jaw, protruding of the jaw and lateral movements of the mandible. (occlusionconnections.com)
The aim was to assess timing of unconsciousness in pigs during exposure to high concentrations of CO 2 based on changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) activity and the relation with the behaviors sniffing, retreat and escape attempts, lateral head movements, jumping, muscular contractions, loss of posture, and gasping. (frontiersin.org)
During exposure to the gas, 80C and 95C pigs exhibited sniffing, retreat attempts, lateral head movements, jumping, and gasping before loss of consciousness. (frontiersin.org)

The lateral lemniscus is a tract of axons in the brainstem that carries information about sound from the cochlear nucleus to various brainstem nuclei and ultimately the contralateral inferior colliculus of the midbrain. (wikipedia.org)
Three distinct, primarily inhibitory, cellular groups are located interspersed within these fibers, and are thus named the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus. (wikipedia.org)
In that sense, this is not a 'lemniscus' in the true sense of the word (second order, decussated sensory axons), as there is third (and out of the lateral superior olive, fourth) order information coming out of some of these brainstem nuclei. (wikipedia.org)
The lateral lemniscus is located where the cochlear nuclei and the pontine reticular formation (PRF) crossover. (wikipedia.org)
medial lemniscus in blue, lateral in red. (wikipedia.org)

Similarly, H reflexes in relaxed forearm flexor muscles were unaffected by conditioning stimuli to the ipsilateral hemisphere. (nih.gov)
Gordon A. A new reflex: paradoxic flexor reflex. (physio-pedia.com)
Plantar reflexes were flexor bilaterally. (basichumanneuroanatomy.com)

However, the minimum latency of inhibition observed using surface EMG responses may have underestimated the true interhemispheric conduction time. (nih.gov)
With the head upright, GVS evoked short-latency (60-70 ms), followed by medium-latency (120 ms) EMG responses, of opposite polarity. (unboundmedicine.com)
Bending the head forward abolished the medium-latency but preserved the short-latency response. (unboundmedicine.com)
We propose that the short-latency reflex and small transient sway are driven by the otolith organs and the medium-latency response and the large sway are driven by the semicircular canals. (unboundmedicine.com)
Muscle actions were divided into medium latency R1 (100-150 ms), long latency R2 (170-250 ms), and late action R3 (270-350 ms). Short latency responses, before 100 ms, were not observed but later responses were prominent. (rug.nl)
When pigs descended into the well, the earlier entry of 95C pigs into high CO 2 atmosphere rather than the concentration of CO 2 by itself affected the latency of behavioral responses and decreasing brain activity. (frontiersin.org)
There has been a slight increase in latency of this reflex with increasing age. (standardofcare.com)
Inhibition may serve to shift the control of escape behaviour from short latency 'reflex' systems to more flexible 'voluntary' ones which can produce responses at times most opportune for successful escape. (stanford.edu)

Use a tendon hammer to elicit the patient's reflexes. (doctorkhalid.com)
Insufficient hepatic O 2 in animal and human studies has been shown to elicit a hepatorenal reflex in response to increased hepatic adenosine, resulting in the stimulation of renal as well as muscle sympathetic nerve activity and activating the renin angiotensin system. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Ischaemia of the brain stem alone may be sufficient to elicit the Cushing reflex [2-4]. (tati.hu)

On Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), gliosis with ill-defined FLAIR hyperintense signal was seen in the left periventricular white matter and corona radiata with ex vacuo dilatation of left lateral ventricle. (eurorad.org)
Computed tomography of the head demonstrating a mixed density left occipital lesion with the presence of hypodense material extending into the lateral ventricle. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

Pupillary reflexes were brisk bilaterally. (medscape.com)

The vestibulo-ocular reflex. (medscape.com)
Magnin M, Salinger W, Kennedy H. ( 1986 ) Optokinetic response and visual suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in the open loop condition in the cat Vision Research . (neurotree.org)

Supinator reflex (C5, C6) - ask the patient to rest their arm across their abdomen, strike them midway up their forearm over the supinator tendon. (doctorkhalid.com)
To reinforce the reflex, ask the patient to clench their jaw prior to striking the tendon. (doctorkhalid.com)
Deep tendon reflexes were present. (eurorad.org)
Deep tendon reflexes were 2/4 and equal in the upper limbs. (basichumanneuroanatomy.com)
Examination revealed absent deep tendon gastrointestinal symptoms and no history of ill contacts, refl exes, ocular deviation, positive Babinski response, travel, environmental exposures, or other recent illness. (cdc.gov)

The cells of the DNLL respond best to bilateral inputs, and have onset and complexity tuned sustained responses. (wikipedia.org)
A physician with bilateral, peripheral vestibular dysfunction described the classic example of the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) and its functional significance. (medscape.com)
On clinical examination, the child's irises were noticeably bright blue colour and he also had hearing issues for which Brain evoked response analysis (BERA) was done which was suggestive of bilateral profound hearing loss. (eurorad.org)
All the semi-circular canals appear smaller in diameter with thick arch in bilateral lateral semi-circular canal and the bony island was very small. (eurorad.org)

The presence of a hyperactive positive jaw jerk reflex suggests a neurological abnormality that exists above the foramen magnum. (standardofcare.com)

Reflexes are responses that occur when the body receives a certain stimulus. (medlineplus.gov)
The effect of the conditioning stimulus was maximal when it was applied over the hand area of motor cortex, and decreased when the stimulus was moved medial or lateral to that point. (nih.gov)
In contrast to the inhibition of test responses evoked by magnetic test stimuli, test responses evoked in active FDI by a small anodal electric shock were not significantly inhibited by a contralateral magnetic conditioning stimulus. (nih.gov)
This response was abolished with the head bent forward leaving only small, oppositely directed, transient responses at the start and end of the stimulus. (unboundmedicine.com)
4. Protection against response decrement in this situation was obtained by directly activating the cord giant fibres 30 msec prior to the tactile stimulus. (stanford.edu)
The directly-elicited giant fibre spikes which follow the tactile stimulus do not influence the course of response decrement. (stanford.edu)

In response, the patient's toes fan out, and the big toe shows dorsiflexion. (myassignmentwriters.com)

Afferent nerves from the ampulla carry both excitatory and inhibitory signals to the 4 major vestibular nuclei: medial vestibular nucleus, lateral vestibular nucleus, inferior or descending vestibular nucleus, and superior vestibular nucleus. (medscape.com)

Seventeen of 25 patients had a poor response or no response to anticonvulsants, and 6 of the 7 responders had acute brain lesions so that the therapeutic success could have been coincidental. (medscape.com)
As a result of dependence upon higher brain centers, certain lesions or diseases of the brain (eg, stroke, cancer, dementia) can result in a loss of voluntary control of the normal micturition reflex as well as symptoms such as urinary urgency. (medscape.com)
In 1904, an American neurologist by the name of Alfred Gordon, described a similar response in patients with pyramial tract lesions, when firmly pressing the middle or lower portion of the calf muscles, even producing an extensor response in patients who exhibited an absent Babinski reflex [3] . (physio-pedia.com)
In upper motor neuron lesions, the stretch reflexes tend to be brisk due to loss of inhibitory signals on gamma neurons through the lateral reticulospinal tract. (passmed.uk)

The Babinski reflex occurs after the sole of the foot has been firmly stroked. (medlineplus.gov)
Babinski reflex is one of the normal reflexes in infants and in children up to 2 years old. (medlineplus.gov)
When the Babinski reflex is present in a child older than 2 years or in an adult, it is often a sign of a central nervous system disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
First introduced as the Babinski reflex by Joseph Francois Felix Babinski in 1896. (physio-pedia.com)
He observed that pricking the affected side in hemiplegic patients affected by a pyramidal tract lesion would cause big toe extension even in patients who could not extend their toes voluntarily [1] , and in later publications Babinski described that the response was best elicited with a firm stroke of the lateral sole of the foot [2] . (physio-pedia.com)
A study published in 2015 was conducted to compare between the Babinski, Chaddock, and Oppenheim reflexes found that the Babinski was of higher sensitivity, and that the Babinski and the Chaddock demonstrated similar sensitivity and PPV [9] . (physio-pedia.com)
Singerman J, Lee L. Consistency of the Babinski reflex and its variants . (physio-pedia.com)

Higher brain centers then determine whether it is socially acceptable to void and trigger downstream structures to permit or suppress the voiding reflex. (medscape.com)
The pons relays afferent information from the bladder to higher brain centers, which in turn communicate with the periaqueductal gray matter, a relay station that collects higher brain center intput and processes this in order to signal the PMC to trigger or suppress the voiding reflex. (medscape.com)
The medullary ischemic reflex is a big response to a drop in blood pressure in the brain particularly in the medulla, where the lack of oxygen due to decreased perfusion triggers an autonomic response from the cardiac and vasomotor centers. (tati.hu)
has important reflex centers associated with respiration, cardiovascular system, conciousness3. (vdocuments.mx)

IF the paralysis was due to trauma instruct the responders/owner to transport on a flat solid surface if at all possible, right from where the pet is laying, keeping them in one plane in horizontal lateral recumbency. (dvm360.com)

Brain MRI showed acute infarction in the left lateral medulla ( Figure 1a ). (biomedres.info)

The two responses to lateral hypothalamic stimulation have thus never been dissociated, and their common characteristics have been taken to suggest (but do not confirm) that the same fiber population is involved in both effects. (jneurosci.org)
Cushings reflex = a hypothalamic response to brain ischemia wherein the sympathetic nervous system is activated which causes increased peripheral vascular What is this response. (tati.hu)

The patellar (knee jerk) reflex is an example. (passmed.uk)
Assess these reflexes: patellar, withdrawal and perineal reflexes. (vin.com)

A reflex technique to measure presynaptic inhibition in cerebral stroke. (mcmaster.ca)
2. A single conditioning shock to one hemisphere produced inhibition of the test response evoked from the opposite hemisphere when the conditioning-test interval was 5-6 ms or longer. (nih.gov)
Thereby, feedforward inhibition dominates the excitatory responses and limits the temporal window for integration of excitatory thalamic inputs (hereafter referred to as the "integration window") [8,9]. (researchsquare.com)
The effects of restraint on the lateral giant reflex result from inhibition rather than reduced facilitation. (stanford.edu)
The inhibition descends from thoracic and higher levels, and the lateral giant escape command neurone appears to be its primary target. (stanford.edu)
Habituation and inhibition of the crayfish lateral giant fibre escape response. (stanford.edu)

This paper considers responses to balance perturbations in muscles around the ankle, peroneus longus (PL), tibialis anterior (TA) and soleus (SO). (rug.nl)
anterior, lateral, deep posterior and superficial posterior compartments. (passmed.uk)
In the left lower limb, there was decreased appreciation of light touch and pinprick in the anterior, medial, and lateral thigh regions. (basichumanneuroanatomy.com)

Triceps reflex (C6, C7) - hold the arm at 90 degrees and rest it upon yours. (doctorkhalid.com)
Physical examination revealed nothing but cervical spine tenderness at C4-C6, while neurological examination revealed a decrease in strength in the right biceps and triceps, with attenuation of their reflexes. (who.int)

clonus which is a hyperactive response. (myassignmentwriters.com)

Normally the jaw jerk reflex is absent or very slight. (standardofcare.com)

To analyse the clinical characteristic of Lateral Medullary Syndrome (LMS) with Ondine's curse. (biomedres.info)
Among them, three patients had Lateral Medullary Syndrome (LMS) with Ondine's curse. (biomedres.info)
Brain diffusion-weighted imaging of lateral medullary syndrome with Ondine's curse of three patients. (biomedres.info)

The jaw jerk reflex tests the integrity of the upper motor neurons projecting to the trigeminal motor nucleus. (standardofcare.com)
The reflex is not part of a standard neurological examination, but performed when there are other signs of damage to the trigeminal nerve. (standardofcare.com)

It is a dynamic stretch reflex with a monosynaptic response. (standardofcare.com)
A stretch reflex is a monosynaptic reflex that causes muscle contraction in response to stretching within that muscle. (passmed.uk)

Normal voiding is essentially a spinal reflex modulated by the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord), which coordinates function of the bladder and urethra. (medscape.com)

Cushing reflex (also referred to as the vasopressor response, the Cushing effect, the Cushing reaction, the Cushing phenomenon, the Cushing response, or Cushing's Law) is a physiological This is different from a hemorrhagic or bleeding stroke in which blood leaks out of a burst blood vessel or vascular malformation. (tati.hu)
With the reflex hammer, the nurse draws a light stroke up the lateral side of the sole of the foot and inward, across the ball of the foot. (myassignmentwriters.com)

The MCP is part of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway that connects the cerebral cortex with the cerebellum and preferentially targets the lateral regions of the cerebellum. (foobrdigital.com)

The Plantar response is an integral part of any routine neurological exam. (physio-pedia.com)

Tests such as muscle extension, flexion, and response to stimuli, vocal tone strength and posture are done to evaluate the muscle dexterity and functionality. (targetwoman.com)

Right lateral gaze. (medscape.com)

One still unresolved question is whether the Cushing response is a non-synaptic acute brainstem ischemic mechanism or part of a larger physiological reflex for arterial blood He graduated from the University of Saskatchewan in 1994. (tati.hu)

The pudendal nerve, derived from S2, S3 and S4, leaves the pelvis m edial to the sciatic nerve via the higher sciatic foram en. (dnahelix.com)
Cranial nerve V mediates the sensory and motor aspects of this reflex. (standardofcare.com)
The DNP arises close to the perineal nerve as the pudendal nerve exits Alcock's canal, a tunnel formed by a division of the obturator fascia along the lateral wall of the ischiorectal fossa. (cirp.org)
During nephrectomy, patients are frequently positioned in the lateral decubitus position, putting them at risk for pressure sores, nerve injury, or venous congestion. (pulsus.com)

Escape reflex circuit in crayfish: interganglionic interneurons activated by the giant command neurons. (stanford.edu)

We used galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to identify human balance reflexes of the semicircular canals and otolith organs. (unboundmedicine.com)
AU - Cathers,Ian, AU - Day,Brian L, AU - Fitzpatrick,Richard C, Y1 - 2004/12/23/ PY - 2004/12/25/pubmed PY - 2005/6/25/medline PY - 2004/12/25/entrez SP - 229 EP - 34 JF - The Journal of physiology JO - J Physiol VL - 563 IS - Pt 1 N2 - We used galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to identify human balance reflexes of the semicircular canals and otolith organs. (unboundmedicine.com)
Electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) has two motivational effects: long trains of stimulation induce drive-like effects such as eating, and short trains are rewarding. (jneurosci.org)
It remains unclear whether the two stimulation effects-a drive-like effect with many of the properties of hunger ( Wise, 1974 ) and a reinforcing effect that can establish (i) instrumental response habits ( Olds, 1956 ) and (ii) preference for places where the stimulation has been experienced in the past ( Ettenberg and Duvauchelle, 1988 )-are responses to activation of the same GABAergic fibers. (jneurosci.org)

A cervical spine computerized tomography (CT) scan consequently performed revealed spondylodiscitis in the C5-C6 intravertebral space, with destructive changes in the C5 vertebral body and presence of tissue in the right lateral paravertebral space. (who.int)

Question 1 - In which situation is a stretch reflex such as knee jerk likely to. (passmed.uk)

Using the sum output, Plane Wave Bass Array™ (PWBA™) techniques acoustically improves lateral consistency in the listening area. (neumann.com)

Although this arc provides a basic framework, the pathways involved in the generation of the vestibuloocular reflex are much more complex. (medscape.com)
This is compatible with GVS evoking separate otolithic and canal reflexes, indicating that balance is controlled by independent canal and otolith reflexes, probably through different pathways. (unboundmedicine.com)

Without the stabilizing effect of the vestibuloocular reflex, head perturbations as little as 2 Hz or 80° can result in retinal slip, which significantly alters visual acuity. (medscape.com)
With inward perturbations (e.g. pushes to the left shortly before or during stance of the right foot) responses in RPL were seen. (rug.nl)
With outward perturbations, pushes to the left shortly before or during stance of the left foot, responses in all three muscles, LTA, LSO, and LPL were seen. (rug.nl)

This review makes the case for the hepatorenal reflex causing sympathetic overdrive and metabolic syndrome in response to exaggerated splanchnic oxygen consumption from excessive eating. (surgicalneurologyint.com)

As a response the master muscles will jerk the mandible upwards. (standardofcare.com)

Patients experience light-headedness, dizziness and also low blood pressure because of the slow responses associated with the autonomic nervous system. (targetwoman.com)

The interaction of a variety of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal systems influence the activity of the PMC, which by default attempts to trigger the voiding reflex. (medscape.com)

withdrawing the limb alone does not indicate intact DPP, some form of behavioral responses from the head are necessary). (vin.com)

Once vital signs are stabilized, take survey radiographs (2 views, lateral and dorsoventral) of the entire spine, as approximately 20% of SCI patients have multiple vertebral fracture or luxations (VFLs). (vin.com)
Spine, lateral view. (medscape.com)

Normal human respiratory functions can be categorized into voluntary, automatic, limbic, and reflex respirations [ 1 ]. (biomedres.info)

The aim of this study was to assess clinical and histologic responses of skin incisions closed with a subcuticular technique using glycomer 631 and lactomer 9-1 in pigs. (biomedcentral.com)

Automatic respiration mainly regulates breathing in response to the changes in oxygen, carbon dioxide and pH contents in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid [ 2 ]. (biomedres.info)

Needle EMG studies of the lateral pterygoid have been done correlating surface activity of other muscles as reported in the "Masticatory Muscle Function: A Multichannel Electromyographic Investigation", by Paul Koole a Danish dentist/ researcher. (occlusionconnections.com)
There is a significant effect of gender difference on the jaw jerk reflex as measured by electromyographic impulse within the muscle, with females showed a significantly higher amplitude than males. (standardofcare.com)

The lateral pterygoid is one of the muscles that controls mandibular position and function. (occlusionconnections.com)
Can TENS relax the masticatory muscles of the head and neck region when EMG studies substantiate after TENS relaxation do not monitor the lateral pterygoid muscle? (occlusionconnections.com)

Anatomy92

Organisms4

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs10

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Psychiatry and Psychology10

Phenomena and Processes61

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science1

Health Care1

Amyotrophic12

Dorsal6

Geniculate6

Ventral4

Movements11

Lemniscus5

Flexor3

Latency8

Elicit3

Ventricle2

Bilaterally1

Vestibulo-ocular2

Tendon5

Bilateral4

Foramen magnum1

Stimulus6

Patient's1

Inferior1

Lesions4

Babinski7

Centers4

Recumbency1

Left lateral1

Hypothalamic2

Patellar2

Inhibition6

Anterior3

Triceps2

Hyperactive1

Absent1

Medullary3

Trigeminal2

Monosynaptic2

Spinal reflex1

Stroke2

Cerebral cortex1

Neurological1

Flexion1

Gaze1

Brainstem1

Nerve4

Neurons1

Stimulation4

Cervical1

Knee1

Consistency1

Pathways2

Perturbations3

Syndrome1

Mandible1

Autonomic1

Inhibitory1

Behavioral responses1

Spine2

Voluntary1

Assess1

Respiration1

Electromyographic2

Muscles2